Monitoring the Resistance of the Citrus Red Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) to Four Acaricides in Different Citrus Orchards in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 918-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng Pan ◽  
Wei Dou ◽  
Guo-Rui Yuan ◽  
Qi-Hao Zhou ◽  
Jin-Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Panonychus Citri ◽  
Citrus Red Mite ◽  
Citrus Orchards

Abstract The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is an important spider mite pest in citrus producing areas. Owing to long-term acaricide exposure, resistance has evolved rapidly in recent years. To evaluate the extent of resistance, seven field mite populations sampled from various geographical locations in China during 2015–2018 were tested using the leaf-dip bioassay method to determine their susceptibilities to four acaricides. In comparison with the susceptible strain maintained in the laboratory, low or moderate levels of fenpropathrin resistance, while no resistance to abamectin or cyflumetofen, were found among populations sampled from Liangping, Wanzhou, Daying, and Anyue in Southwestern China during the test period. High levels (>1,000-fold, with LC50 values that were greater than the recommended concentration) of resistance to fenpropathrin had evolved in field populations from Southern China, including Guilin, Nanning, and Yuxi, when compared with that of the susceptible strain. Populations from Guilin and Nanning also evolved high resistance levels to abamectin (1,088-fold and 1,401-fold) and cyflumetofen (2,112-fold and 9,093-fold). All the populations sampled in 2018 showed a moderate or high resistance to bifenazate. Generally, field populations of citrus red mites from Southwestern China were more sensitive to the tested acaricides than those of Southern China. The data provide a foundation for developing acaricide resistance management strategies in these regions.

Detection of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus from Wampee (Clausena lansium Skeels) by Nested PCR

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Deng ◽  
Gen Zhou ◽  
Huaping Li ◽  
Jianchi Chen ◽  
Edwin L. Civerolo
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Citrus Orchards

Wampee (Clausena lansium Skeels) is native to southern China and Southeast Asia. Wampee trees are attractive, with grape-like fruits and a muscat taste and are popular in home gardens. Like other members of Rutaceae, wampee has long been suspected to have yellow shoot disease or Huanglongbing (HLB) and Diaphorina citri, the disease vector, was capable of a long-term survival on Wampee. The authors recommend that eradication of wampee trees surrounding citrus orchards should be part of the overall management of citrus HLB. Accepted for publication 20 December 2007. Published 19 April 2007.

Citrus red mite (Panonychus citri) is a common sensitizing allergen among children living around citrus orchards

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung-Hyun Lee ◽  
Sang-Heon Cho ◽  
Hae-Sim Park ◽  
Joon-Woo Bahn ◽  
Byung-Jae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panonychus Citri ◽  
Citrus Red Mite ◽  
Citrus Orchards

scholarly journals Extent of Variation of the Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Reservoir: the Case of the Geranium Bronze, Cacyreus marshalli Butler (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 4090-4094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Herrero ◽  
Marisé Borja ◽  
Juan Ferré
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Cry Proteins ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT Despite the fact that around 200 cry genes from Bacillus thuringiensis have already been cloned, only a few Cry proteins are toxic towards a given pest. A crucial step in the mode of action of Cry proteins is binding to specific sites in the midgut of susceptible insects. Binding studies in insects that have developed cross-resistance discourage the combined use of Cry proteins sharing the same binding site. If resistance management strategies are to be implemented, the arsenal of Cry proteins suitable to control a given pest may be not so vast as it might seem at first. The present study evaluates the potential of B. thuringiensis for the control of a new pest, the geranium bronze (Cacyreus marshalli Butler), a butterfly that is threatening the popularity of geraniums in Spain. Eleven of the most common Cry proteins from the three lepidopteran-active Cry families (Cry1, Cry2, and Cry9) were tested against the geranium bronze for their toxicity and binding site relationships. Using 125I-labeled Cry1A proteins we found that, of the seven most active Cry proteins, six competed for binding to the same site. For the long-term control of the geranium bronze with B. thuringiensis-based insecticides it would be advisable to combine any of the Cry proteins sharing the binding site (preferably Cry1Ab, since it is the most toxic) with those not competing for the same site. Cry1Ba would be the best choice of these proteins, since it is significantly more toxic than the others not binding to the common site.

scholarly journals Insecticide susceptibility status and knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation in Aedes albopictus in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wei ◽  
Xueli Zheng ◽  
Song He ◽  
Xuli Xin ◽  
Jiachun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
World Health ◽  
Knockdown Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is the main vector of dengue virus in China. The resistance to insecticides is a huge obstacle for the control of this species, and determining its resistance status and mechanisms in China is essential for the implementation of vector management strategies. Methods We have investigated the larval and adult resistance status of Ae. albopictus to deltamethrin in eight field populations in China. Mutations at the voltage-gated sodium channel gene, related to the knockdown resistance (kdr) effect, were detected by sequencing of PCR products. The eight field populations were examined for pyrethroid resistance using the World Health Organization standard bioassays, and the association between the mutations and phenotypic resistance was tested. Results The eight field populations of larvae of Ae. albopictus in China exhibited high resistance to deltamethrin; the RR50 values ranged from 12 (ZJ) to 44 (GZ). Adult bioassay revealed that Ae. albopictus populations were resistant to deltamethrin (mortality rate < 90%), except ZJ population (probably resistant, mortality rate = 93.5%). Long knockdown time in the field populations was consistent with low mortality rates in adult bioassay. F1534S mutation showed increased protection against deltamethrin in all populations except BJ and SJZ populations, whereas I1532T mutation showed increased protection against deltamethrin in only BJ population. Conclusion There were different degrees of resistance to deltamethrin in field Ae. albopictus populations in China. The longest knockdown time and lowest mortality rate observed in Ae. albopictus population in Guangzhou indicate the severity of high resistance to deltamethrin. The patchy distribution of deltamethrin resistance and kdr mutations in Ae. albopictus mosquitoes suggests the necessity for resistance management and developing counter measures to mitigate the spread of resistance. Graphical Abstract

Monitoring the Resistance of the Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Four Insecticides in Southern China from 2014 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Wang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Li-Lin Zhou ◽  
Hai-Bo Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract The beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) is a serious polyphagous pest that infests vegetable crops worldwide and has rapidly developed resistance due to its long-term exposure to insecticides. The current resistance statuses to four insecticides exhibited by three field populations of beet armyworms collected in southern China from 2014 to 2018 were investigated. Monitoring data from five consecutive years demonstrated that all three tested S. exigua populations developed extremely high resistance to chlorantraniliprole in 2018 (220.58- to 2,597.39-fold). Two populations (Baiyun and Fengxian) developed low to moderate resistance to spinosad, whereas the Huangpi population remained susceptible (except in 2014, with RR of 6.11-fold). The RR of the Fengxian and Baiyun populations to indoxacarb steadily increased over the years, whereas that of the Huangpi population increased relatively slowly. The Baiyun and Fengxian populations developed moderate to high resistance to indoxacarb and methoxyfenozide, whereas the Huangpi population exhibited susceptibility to low resistance (1.06- to 6.45-fold) to indoxacarb and susceptibility to moderate resistance (1.53- to 14.22-fold) to methoxyfenozide. These results suggest that chlorantraniliprole should not be employed to control this pest in southern China. Reduced use of indoxacarb and methoxyfenozide or the use of alternating insecticides with low levels of resistance is recommended. Spinosad remains an effective insecticide for the management of S. exigua. To avoid the rapid development of insecticide resistance, rotations of insecticides with low levels of resistance and different modes of action based on the resistance patterns of S. exigua should be performed in southern China.

Acaricide resistance in Panonychus citri and P. ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae): Molecular mechanisms and management implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahangir Khajehali ◽  
Elaheh Shafiei Alavijeh ◽  
Mohammad Ghadamyari ◽  
Dejan Marčić
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Acaricide Resistance ◽  
Panonychus Citri ◽  
Citrus Red Mite ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Fruit Orchards

The European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and the citrus red mite, P. citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), are destructive mite pests in pome/stone fruit orchards and citrus groves, respectively, the management of these two spider mites species has relied largely on the use of synthetic acaricides. However, frequent, long-term use of acaricides has caused rapid development of resistance in P. ulmi and P. citri populations worldwide. Levels of resistance in P. ulmi and P. citri are exceeded only by that in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Recent research on T. urticae has provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of acaricide resistance. The molecular basis of resistance in P. ulmi and P. citri populations has been less thoroughly studied. In this brief review, the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic resistance of P. ulmi and P. citri to acaricides, as well as implications of the findings for the resistance management, are discussed.  

U.S. Farmer Awareness of Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds and Resistance Management Strategies

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Johnson ◽  
Micheal D. K. Owen ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
Bryan G. Young ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance

A survey of farmers from six U.S. states (Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Mississippi, and North Carolina) was conducted to assess the farmers' views on glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds and tactics used to prevent or manage GR weed populations in genetically engineered (GE) GR crops. Only 30% of farmers thought GR weeds were a serious issue. Few farmers thought field tillage and/or using a non-GR crop in rotation with GR crops would be an effective strategy. Most farmers did not recognize the role that the recurrent use of an herbicide plays in evolution of resistance. A substantial number of farmers underestimated the potential for GR weed populations to evolve in an agroecosystem dominated by glyphosate as the weed control tactic. These results indicate there are major challenges that the agriculture and weed science communities must face to implement long-term sustainable GE GR-based cropping systems within the agroecosystem.

scholarly journals Natural enemies of citrus red mite (Panonychus citri) in citrus orchards

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Jamieson ◽  
J.G. Charles ◽  
P.S. Stevens ◽  
C.E. McKenna ◽  
R. Bawden
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Panonychus Citri ◽  
Citrus Red Mite ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Amblyseius Largoensis

Citrus red mite (CRM) populations can reach high levels in citrus orchards after the application of broadspectrum pesticides to control other pests It is important to know which are the key biocontrol agents of CRM in New Zealand in order to minimise use of pesticides toxic to these natural enemies CRM and natural enemies were monitored in seven orchards from January 2004 to March 2005 Ladybirds Stethorus sp and Halmus chalybeus and predatory mites Agistemus longisetus Amblyseius largoensis and Phytoseiulus persimilus were observed consuming CRM Stethorus sp and A longisetus were the most abundant natural enemies found with CRM The presence of 05 live Stethorus sp per leaf and 051 A longisetus per leaf was associated with the decline of CRM populations (15 eggs and 15 juvenile/adults per leaf) to trace levels in 45 weeks The use of neonicotinoid products can disrupt the predatory activity of Stethorus sp against CRM

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