Genetic Characterization of Exotic Commercial Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Populations in Thailand Reveals High Genetic Diversity and Low Population Substructure

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsalek Rattanawannee ◽  
Orawan Duangphakdee ◽  
Chanpen Chanchao ◽  
Chinachote Teerapakpinyo ◽  
Nattapot Warrit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Population Substructure ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Wax Production

Abstract Domestication of animal species is often associated with a reduction in genetic diversity. The honey bee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758, has been managed by beekeepers for millennia for both honey and wax production and for crop pollination. Here we use both microsatellite markers and sequence data from the mitochondrial COI gene to evaluate genetic variation of managed A. mellifera in Thailand, where the species is introduced. Microsatellite analysis revealed high average genetic diversity with expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.620 ± 0.184 to 0.734 ± 0.071 per locus per province. Observed heterozygosities were generally lower than those expected under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, both locally and across the population as a whole. Mitochondrial sequencing revealed that the frequency of two evolutionary linages (C—Eastern European and O—Middle Eastern) are similar to those observed in a previous survey 10 yr ago. Our results suggest that Thai beekeepers are managing their A. mellifera in ways that retain overall genetic diversity, but reduce genetic diversity between apiaries.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the Brittle Star Ophiura sarsii Lütken, 1855 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Barents Sea and East Atlantic

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Evgeny Genelt-Yanovskiy ◽  
Yixuan Li ◽  
Ekaterina Stratanenko ◽  
Natalia Zhuravleva ◽  
Natalia Strelkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
The Barents Sea

Ophiura sarsii is a common brittle star species across the Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions of the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Ophiurasarsii is among the dominant echinoderms in the Barents Sea. We studied the genetic diversity of O.sarsii by sequencing the 548 bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene. Ophiurasarsii demonstrated high genetic diversity in the Barents Sea. Both major Atlantic mtDNA lineages were present in the Barents Sea and were evenly distributed between the northern waters around Svalbard archipelago and the southern part near Murmansk coast of Kola Peninsula. Both regions, and other parts of the O.sarsii range, were characterized by high haplotype diversity with a significant number of private haplotypes being mostly satellites to the two dominant haplotypes, each belonging to a different mtDNA clade. Demographic analyses indicated that the demographic and spatial expansion of O.sarsii in the Barents Sea most plausibly has started in the Bølling–Allerød interstadial during the deglaciation of the western margin of the Barents Sea.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the Brittle Star Ophiura sarsii Lütken, 1855 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Barents Sea and East Atlantic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Genelt-Yanovskiy ◽  
Yixuan Li ◽  
Ekaterina Stratanenko ◽  
Natalia Zhuravleva ◽  
Natalia Strelkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene

Ophiura sarsii is a common brittle star species across Arctic and subarctic regions of Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In the Barents Sea O. sarsii is among the dominant echinoderms. We studied genetic diversity of O. sarsii by sequencing the 548 bp fragment of mitochondrial COI gene. O.sarsii demonstrated high genetic diversity in the Barents Sea. Both major Atlantic mtDNA lineages were present in the Barents Sea and were evenly distributed between the northern waters around Svalbard archipelago and the southern part near Murmansk coast of Kola Peninsula. Both regions, as well as other parts of the O.sarsii range, were characterized by high haplotype diversity with a significant number of private haplotypes, being mostly satellites to the two dominant haplotypes, each belonging to a different mtDNA clade. Demographic analyses indicated that the demographic and spatial expansion of Ophiura sarsii in the Barents Sea most plausibly has started during the Bølling–Allerød interstadial, during the deglaciation of the western margin of the Barents Sea.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Metaphire vulgaris Based on the Mitochondrial COI Gene and Microsatellites

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Fang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Honghua Ruan ◽  
Nan Xu ◽  
Ziting Que ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene ◽  
Data Content ◽  
Genetic Structures

The earthworm species Metaphire vulgaris (a member of the Clitellata class) is widely distributed across China, and has important ecological functions and medicinal value. However, investigations into its genetic diversity and differentiation are scarce. Consequently, we evaluated the genetic diversity of five populations of M. vulgaris (GM, HD, NYYZ, QDDY, and QDY) in Yancheng, China via the mitochondrial COI gene and the novel microsatellites developed there. A total of nine haplotypes were obtained by sequencing the mitochondrial COI gene, among which NYYZ and QDDY populations had the greatest number of haplotypes (nh = 5). Further, the nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.00437 to 0.1243. The neighbor-joining trees and the TCS network of haplotypes indicated that earthworm populations within close geographical range were not genetically isolated at these small scale distances. Results of the identification of microsatellite molecular markers revealed that the allele number in 12 microsatellite loci ranged from 4 to 13. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.151 to 0.644, whereas the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.213 to 0.847. The polymorphism data content of most sites was >0.5, which indicated that the designed sites had high polymorphism. Structural analysis results indicated that GM, HD, and NYYZ had similar genetic structures across the five populations. The Nei’s genetic distance between HD and NYYZ populations was the smallest (Ds = 0.0624), whereas that between HD and QDY populations was the largest (Ds = 0.2364). The UPGMA tree showed that HD were initially grouped with NYYZ, followed by GM, and then with QDDY. Furthermore, cross-species amplification tests were conducted for Metaphire guillelmi, which indicated that the presented markers were usable for this species. This study comprised a preliminary study on the genetic diversity of M. vulgaris, which provides basic data for future investigations into this species.

scholarly journals High Genetic Diversity but Absence of Population Structure in Local Chickens of Sri Lanka Inferred by Microsatellite Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amali Malshani Samaraweera ◽  
Ranga Liyanage ◽  
Mohamed Nawaz Ibrahim ◽  
Ally Mwai Okeyo ◽  
Jianlin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Population Substructure ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Naked Neck ◽  
Local Chicken ◽  
Local Chickens

Local chicken populations belonging to five villages in two geographically separated provinces of Sri Lanka were analyzed using 20 microsatellite markers to determine the genetic diversity of local chickens. Population genetic parameters were estimated separately for five populations based on geographic locations and for eight populations based on phenotypes, such as naked neck, long legged, crested or crown, frizzle feathered, Giriraj, commercial layer, crossbreds, and non-descript chicken. The analysis revealed that there was a high genetic diversity among local chickens with high number of unique alleles, mean number of alleles per locus (MNA), and total number of alleles per locus per population. A total of 185 microsatellite alleles were detected in 192 samples, indicating a high allelic diversity. The MNA ranged from 8.10 (non-descript village chicken) to 3.50 (Giriraj) among phenotypes and from 7.30 (Tabbowa) to 6.50 (Labunoruwa) among village populations. In phenotypic groups, positive inbreeding coefficient (FIS) values indicated the existence of population substructure with evidence of inbreeding. In commercial layers, a high expected heterozygosity He = 0.640 ± 0.042) and a negative FIS were observed. The positive FIS and high He estimates observed in village populations were due to the heterogeneity of samples, owing to free mating facilitated by communal feeding patterns. Highly admixed nature of phenotypes was explained as a result of rearing many phenotypes by households (58%) and interactions of chickens among neighboring households (53%). A weak substructure was evident due to the mating system, which disregarded the phenotypes. Based on genetic distances, crown chickens had the highest distance to other phenotypes, while the highest similarity was observed between non-descript village chickens and naked neck birds. The finding confirms the genetic wealth conserved within the populations as a result of the breeding system commonly practiced by chicken owners. Thus, the existing local chicken populations should be considered as a harbor of gene pool, which can be readily utilized in developing locally adapted and improved chicken breeds in the future.

Oziella sibirica (Acari: Eriophyoidea: Phytoptidae), a new eriophyoid mite species described using confocal microscopy, COI barcoding and 3D surface reconstruction

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3560 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIPP E. CHETVERIKOV ◽  
FRÉDÉRIC BEAULIEU ◽  
TATJANA CVRKOVIĆ ◽  
BILJANA VIDOVIĆ ◽  
RADMILA U. PETANOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Prodorsal Shield ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Internal Genitalia

Oziella sibirica sp. nov., collected from sedges (Cyperaceae: Carex macroura) in Siberia, Russia, is herein describedbased on the external morphology of all active instars using primarily conventional phase contrast microscopy, andon the female internal genitalia and prodorsal shield design using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)imaging and a 3D modelling technique. A partial mitochondrial COI gene sequence of O. sibirica sp. nov. is alsoprovided, through GenBank, and this represents the first published record of any gene sequence data for the familyPhytoptidae. We present remarks on the phylogenetic significance of the position of setae 3a in immature instars oferiophyoids and on the ontogenic variability of the empodium morphology of O. sibirica sp. nov. Using this speciesas a model, we propose a method for describing the internal genitalia of eriophyoids based on CLSM. We advocatethe use of CLSM imaging as a new, relatively simple technique for observing and describing the internal genitalia oferiophyoids, as these largely unexplored genitalic structures may provide phylogenetically meaningful informationfor improving the classification of this poorly understood group of mites. In addition, CLSM may complementconventional light microscopy techniques in facilitating the interpretation of external structures such as body ornamentation or chaetotaxy.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii in Mulberry Based on the Mitochondrial COI Gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 5391-5401
Author(s):  
Hudie Shao ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Chunping You ◽  
Chuanren Li ◽  
Yan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae), in China Based on Mitochondrial COI Gene Sequences

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 2204-2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Long Yuan ◽  
Dan-Dan Wei ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Yu-Zhen Gao ◽  
Yong-Hua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Panonychus Citri ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of the Green Turtle (Testudines: Cheloniidae: Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758)) population nesting at Kosgoda Rookery, Sri Lanka

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 10261
Author(s):  
E. M.L. Ekanayake ◽  
T. Kapurusinghe ◽  
M. M. Saman ◽  
D. S. Rathnakumara ◽  
P. Samaraweera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Green Turtle ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Turtle Population ◽  
The Mean

We determined the genetic diversity of the Green Turtle Chelonia mydas (Linneaus, 1758) nesting at Kosgoda rookery, the second largest sea turtle aggregation on the southwestern coast of Sri Lanka.  Skin tissue samples were collected from 68 nesting females and genetic diversity was estimated using six microsatellite loci.  High genetic diversity was observed within the population as all loci analyzed were highly polymorphic with a total of 149 alleles observed.  The mean number of alleles per locus was 24.7 and the mean observed and expected heterozygosity across all loci were 0.75 and 0.93, respectively.  It appears that five out of six loci were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, while micro-checker analysis suggested that the Kosgoda Green Turtle population was possibly in equilibrium.  The viability of a population is unlikely to be reduced if high genetic diversity is maintained within it.  Although the Green Turtle population nesting at Kosgoda is small compared to other nesting rookeries in the world, the high genetic diversity observed suggests that the population may not be undergoing a bottleneck.

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