The Autophagy-Related Protein GABARAP Is Induced during Overwintering in the Bean Bug (Hemiptera: Alydidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Ichiro Tachibana ◽  
Shinji Matsuzaki ◽  
Masako Tanaka ◽  
Masayuki Shiota ◽  
Daisuke Motooka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Receptor Associated Protein ◽  
Bean Bug ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Food Depletion

Abstract In most insects dependent on food resources that deplete seasonally, mechanisms exist to protect against starvation. Insects overcome periods of food depletion using diapause-associated physiological mechanisms, such as increased energy resources in fat bodies and suppression of metabolism. Because autophagy supplies energy resources through the degradation of intracellular components, we hypothesized that it might be an additional strategy to combat starvation during overwintering. In this study, we measured the abundance of the proteins involved in the signaling pathway of autophagy during overwintering in adults of the bean bug Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Alydidae), which must withstand the periodic depletion of its host plants from late fall to early spring. Although the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) markedly increased after the cessation of food supply, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and target of rapamycin (TOR) were not found to be associated with food depletion. Thus, food depletion appears to induce autophagy independent of AMPK and TOR. The GABARAP levels significantly increased universally when the food supply ceased, irrespective of the diapause status of adults and low-temperature conditions. In overwintering diapause adults under seminatural conditions, the GABARAP levels significantly increased during early spring. Thus, autophagy appears to assist the survival of the bean bugs under natural conditions of food deficiency.

scholarly journals Structural and biochemical advances on the recruitment of the autophagy-initiating ULK and TBK1 complexes by autophagy receptor NDP52

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (33) ◽  
pp. eabi6582
Author(s):  
Tao Fu ◽  
Mingfang Zhang ◽  
Zixuan Zhou ◽  
Ping Wu ◽  
Chao Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Complex ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Binding Region ◽  
Receptor Associated Protein ◽  
Selective Autophagy ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
Molecular Bases

The recruitment of Unc-51-like kinase and TANK-binding kinase 1 complexes is essential for Nuclear dot protein 52-mediated selective autophagy and relies on the specific association of NDP52, RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1, and Nak-associated protein 1 (5-azacytidine-induced protein 2, AZI2). However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we find that except for the NDP52 SKIP carboxyl homology (SKICH)/RB1CC1 coiled-coil interaction, the LC3-interacting region of NDP52 can directly interact with the RB1CC1 Claw domain, as that of NAP1 FIP200-binding region (FIR). The determined crystal structures of NDP52 SKICH/RB1CC1 complex, NAP1 FIR/RB1CC1 complex, and the related NAP1 FIR/Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein complex not only elucidate the molecular bases underpinning the interactions of RB1CC1 with NDP52 and NAP1 but also reveal that RB1CC1 Claw and Autophagy-related protein 8 family proteins are competitive in binding to NAP1 and NDP52. Overall, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the interactions of NDP52, NAP1 with RB1CC1 and ATG8 family proteins.

scholarly journals Performance of Trichopria drosophilae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), a Generalist Parasitoid of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), at Low Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Colombari ◽  
Lorenzo Tonina ◽  
Andrea Battisti ◽  
Nicola Mori
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Lower Range ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Pupal Mortality ◽  
High Elevations

Abstract Survival and parasitism activity of Trichopria drosophilae Perkins adults, a cosmopolitan parasitoid of Drosophila spp., were studied under laboratory conditions using five constant temperatures at the lower range known for this enemy, from 4 to 20°C in 4°C increments. Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, an invasive pest of small fruits, was used as a host. Commercially available adult parasitoids were provided with 1) food and D. suzukii pupae; 2) food and no D. suzukii pupae; 3) no food and no pupae. The results show that adult females of T. drosophilae lived longer than males, and both generally benefitted from food supply. The highest level of survival was observed between 8 and 12°C for fed insects, irrespective of whether they were offered host pupae or not. The absence of food led to the highest mortality, but the parasitoid demonstrated considerably resistance to prolonged starvation. Successful parasitism increased steadily with temperature and reached the highest value at 20°C. Conversely, D. suzukii emergence rate was high after exposure of pupae to parasitoids at 4°C, while pupal mortality increased strongly with temperature until 12°C. The findings indicate that T. drosophilae is well adapted to the relatively cold conditions experienced in early spring and in autumn or at high elevations, when the host pupae could be largely available. The long lifespan of the adults and the ability to parasitize the host at low temperature make T. drosophilae potentially useful for the biocontrol of D. suzukii.

scholarly journals Role of gamma aminobutyric acid A receptor associated protein (GABARAP) in the podocytes of GABARAP Tg mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-493
Author(s):  
MIYUKI TAKAGI ◽  
KATSUHIKO ASANUMA ◽  
ISEI TANIDA ◽  
YASUHIKO TOMINO
Keyword(s):  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Receptor Associated Protein

Fat body and liver cycles in the large girdled lizard

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Liver Mass ◽  
Mating Activity ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Reproductive Females ◽  
Fat Body Mass

AbstractCordylus giganteus is a large viviparous lizard endemic to the Highveld grasslands of South Africa. Seasonal morphometric changes in fat body mass, liver mass and a carcass condition index in male, female and juvenile C. giganteus are described for a 15 month period. In the adult male and juvenile classes, abdominal fat bodies increase during late summer and autumn followed by a dramatic depletion during winter hibernation. Although that fat body cycles of adult reproducing females are similar to those of males, the magnitude of lipid storage in these females was considerably greater. Adult females showing early vitellogenic activity and significantly larger fat bodies than non-reproductive females. Seasonal liver mass changes paralleled the fat body cycles in all classes. Fat body stores appear to be used by all classes for winter and early spring nutrition. Energy needs during winter vitellogenesis in females and mating activity during spring in males may also benefit from fat body and liver energy stores. The hypothesis that biennial reproduction in females is determined by the magnitude of energy reserves at the onset of vitellogenesis in autumn is upheld.

Effects of winter and early spring grazing by Wigeon Anas penelope on their food supply

Ibis ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER MAYHEW ◽  
DAVID HOUSTON
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Anas Penelope

scholarly journals Ventrolateral ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus GABA neuron adaptation to recurring Hypoglycemia correlates with up-regulated 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-525
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Alhamyani ◽  
◽  
Prabhat R Napit ◽  
Haider Ali ◽  
Mostafa MH Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gaba Neurons ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Acute Hypoglycemia ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

<abstract> <p>Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acts on ventromedial hypothalamic targets to suppress counter-regulatory hormone release, thereby lowering blood glucose. Maladaptive up-regulation of GABA signaling is implicated in impaired counter-regulatory outflow during recurring insulin-induced hypoglycemia (RIIH). Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) GABAergic neurons express the sensitive energy gauge 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Current research used high-neuroanatomical resolution single-cell microdissection tools to address the premise that GABAergic cells in the VMNvl, the primary location of ‘glucose-excited’ metabolic-sensory neurons in the VMN, exhibit attenuated sensor activation during RIIH. Data show that during acute hypoglycemia, VMNvl glutamate decarboxylase<sub>65/67</sub> (GAD)-immunoreactive neurons maintain energy stability, yet a regional subset of this population exhibited decreased GAD content. GABA neurons located along the rostrocaudal length of the VMNvl acclimated to RIIH through a shift to negative energy imbalance, e.g. increased phosphoAMPK expression, alongside amplification/gain of inhibition of GAD profiles. Acquisition of negative GAD sensitivity may involve altered cellular receptivity to noradrenergic input via α<sub>2</sub>-AR and/or β<sub>1</sub>-AR. Suppression of VMNvl GABA nerve cell signaling during RIIH may differentiate this neuroanatomical population from other, possibly non-metabolic-sensory GABA neurons in the MBH. Data here also provide novel evidence that VMNvl GABA neurons are direct targets of glucocorticoid control, and show that glucocorticoid receptors may inhibit RIIH-associated GAD expression in rostral VMNvl GABAergic cells through AMPK-independent mechanisms.</p> </abstract>

The helminth community of the sand smelt (Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810) from Lake Iznik, Turkey

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Özesen Çolak
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tylodelphys Clavata

AbstractMetazoan parasites of the sand smelt Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 in Lake Iznik were studied. A total of 271 specimens of A. boyeri, 208 female and 63 male, mean ( ± SD) total length 8.4 ± 2.2 cm (range 3.1–12.2 cm) and mean total weight 4.7 ± 3.5 g (range 0.1–11.7 g) were examined between June 2008 and May 2009 at monthly intervals. In 33 fish no parasites were found. In the other fish, four parasite species were recorded: Diplostomum sp. (prevalence 39.13%, mean intensity 3.50 ± 3.03); Tylodelphys clavata (prevalence 74.16%, mean intensity 10.41 ± 14.89); Bothriocephalus cf. acheilognathi (prevalence 40.59%, mean intensity 31.83 ± 57.74); and Eustrongylides excisus (prevalence 6.64%, mean intensity 1.16 ± 0.39). The mean abundance of Diplostomum sp., T. clavata and E. excisus was higher during the winter and early spring months. In contrast, the mean abundance of B. cf. acheilognathi was higher in the summer and autumn months. This distribution of the parasites was related to a change in the environment of A. boyeri from the pelagic zone to deeper water at the end of autumn and a change in food supply.

scholarly journals Protrudin modulates seizure activity through GABAA receptor regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Lu ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Ruijiao Zhou ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Membrane Expression ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Receptor Associated Protein ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Mouse Hippocampus ◽  
Exact Etiology

AbstractEpilepsy is a serious neurological disease characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. The exact etiology of epilepsy is not fully understood. Protrudin is a neural membrane protein and is found to be mutated in hereditary spastic paraplegia that characterized by symptoms like seizures. Here, we reported that the expression of protrudin was downregulated in the temporal neocortex of epileptic patients and in the hippocampus and cortex of pentylenetetrazol and kainic acid-kindled epileptic mouse models. Behavioral and electroencephalogram analyses indicated that overexpression of protrudin in the mouse hippocampus increased the latency of the seizure and decreased the frequency and duration of seizure activity. Using whole-cell patch clamp, overexpression of protrudin in the mouse hippocampus resulted in a reduction in action potential frequency and an increase in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory current amplitude. Moreover, western blot analysis showed that the membrane expression of the GABA A receptor β2/3 subunit was also upregulated after protrudin overexpression, and coimmunoprecipitation resulted in a protein–protein interaction between protrudin, GABAARβ2/3 and GABA receptor-associated protein in the hippocampus of epileptic mice. These findings suggest that protrudin probably inhibits the occurrence and development of epilepsy through the regulation of GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission, and protrudin might be a promising target for the treatment of epilepsy.

scholarly journals Cellular Sequences in Pestivirus Genomes Encoding Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (A) Receptor-Associated Protein and Golgi-Associated ATPase Enhancer of 16 Kilodaltons

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (24) ◽  
pp. 13069-13076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Becher ◽  
Heinz-Jürgen Thiel ◽  
Margaret Collins ◽  
Joe Brownlie ◽  
Michaela Orlich
Keyword(s):  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Receptor Associated Protein ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Sequences

ABSTRACT The presence of cellular protein coding sequences within viral RNA genomes is a unique and particularly interesting feature of cytopathogenic (cp) pestiviruses. Here we report the identification and characterization of two novel cellular sequences in the genomes of cp bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strains. In BVDV strain CP X604, we detected a duplication of the genomic region encoding NS3, NS4A, and part of NS4B, together with an insertion of sequences that code for cellular gamma-aminobutyric acid (A) receptor-associated protein [GABA(A)-RAP]. Transient-expression studies showed that the GABA(A)-RAP sequence leads to additional processing of the viral polyprotein and thereby to the expression of nonstructural protein NS3. Transfection of bovine cells with RNA transcribed from an infectious cDNA clone revealed that the GABA(A)-RAP-encoding insertion together with the duplicated viral sequences constitutes the genetic basis for the cytopathogenicity of strain CP X604. Surprisingly, molecular analysis of another cp BVDV strain (CP 721) resulted in the identification of a cellular Golgi-associated ATPase enhancer of 16 kDa (GATE-16)-encoding insertion together with duplicated viral sequences. To our knowledge, the genomes of CP X604 and CP 721 are the first viral RNAs found with cellular sequences encoding GABA(A)-RAP and GATE-16, respectively. Interestingly, the two cellular proteins belong to a family of eukaryotic proteins involved in various intracellular trafficking processes. Processing after the C-terminal glycine residue of GABA(A)-RAP and GATE-16 by cellular proteases is essential for covalent attachment to target molecules. Accordingly, it can be assumed that these cellular proteases also recognize the cleavage sites in the context of the respective viral polyproteins and thereby lead to the generation of NS3, the marker protein of cp BVDV.

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