Resistance of rice genotypes to Tibraca limbativentris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Cirilo De S Almeida ◽  
Cássio A Dierings ◽  
Celio Borella Júnior ◽  
Flávio G Jesus ◽  
Jose A F Barrigossi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Asian Origin ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Antibiosis Resistance

Abstract The Tibraca limbativentris is a pest that causes rice crop damage and may lead to grain yield reductions of up to 90%. The most commonly used tactic for T. limbativentris control is chemical, which causes adverse effects on the environment. This study was conducted to identify sources of antixenosis and antibiosis resistance to T. limbativentris mediated by the hardness and diameter of the stem of the rice plant. Antibiosis and antixenosis tests were carried out with 22 rice genotypes of Brazilian and Asian origin. The Canela de Ferro, BRS Esmeralda, and Desconhecido Branco genotypes had the lowest proportions of stems showing symptoms of the damage caused by T. limbativentris. Canela de Ferro, Primavera, and IR 22 genotypes had the lowest nymphs survivorship and the genotypes Marabá Branco, Marabá, Skirivimankoti, Pepita, BR IRGA 409, Curinga, IR 40, Bonança, Desconhecido Branco, Bico Ganga, Primavera, and BRS Esmeralda were the least attractive to the insects. The genotypes BRS Esmeralda, Primavera, Desconhecido Branco, and Canela de Ferro were resistant to the rice stalk stink bug by antibiosis and/or antixenosis. These genotypes can be used directly by rice farmers for T. limbativentris management. Molecular biology studies should be conducted to identify and characterize resistance genes in these genotypes so that they can be used in breeding programs.

Antibiosis to Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in chickpea genotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fernanda Correa ◽  
Cinthia Luzia Teixeira Silva ◽  
Warley Marcos Nascimento ◽  
André Cirilo de Sousa Almeida ◽  
Flávio Gonçalves de Jesus
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The World ◽  
Antibiosis Resistance ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Abstract Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) belong to the Fabaceae family and are one of the most grown crops in the world and an important source of protein for humans. Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest that causes significant crop damage. The objective of this study was to examine antibiosis to S. frugiperda in chickpea genotypes. The following genotypes were studied: Jamu 96 and Blanco Sinaloa 92 (Mexico); Nacional 29 (Cuba); BG 1392 (Spain), and BRS Kalifa, BRS Cristalino, BRS Toro, Nacional 27, 004UP, 003UP, BRS Cícero, and BRS Aleppo (Brazil). The chickpea genotypes influenced the biological parameters of S. frugiperda, of which larval period, larval weight, and pupal period were most affected. Nacional 29 caused high mortality in the larval and pupal stages of S. frugiperda. The larvae on BRS Aleppo had the longest larval stage, lowest weight, and longest pupal stage. The genotypes Nacional 29, Nacional 27, and BRS Cícero showed antibiosis resistance to S. frugiperda. These genotypes could be used as a source of resistance to S. frugiperda in conjunction with other methods of pest control in integrated pest management programs for chickpea crops. These resistant genotypes could also be used as donor sources in breeding programs for insect resistance.

Seedling vigour as a preselection criterion for short juvenile period in olive breeding

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. De la Rosa ◽  
A. I. Kiran ◽  
D. Barranco ◽  
L. León
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
General Context ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Olive Breeding

The juvenile period represents a serious impediment in olive breeding programs. Seedlings with long juvenile period are of very low interest for the breeder because their evaluation considerably delays the first stages of the breeding process. For this reason, the influence of seedling vigour (measured as plant height or stem diameter) on the characteristics at the adult stage was studied to establish useful negative preselection criteria on the basis of that relationship. Olive progenies from crosses and open pollinations of 12 different parents carried out in 1998 and 1999 were evaluated in the greenhouse and, afterwards, during the first 3 years of bearing in the open field. The results obtained indicate that early evaluation and selection for juvenile period can be performed at the seedling stage in olive progenies on the basis of vigour measurements. Selection for short juvenile period was valid irrespective of parentage and, therefore, could be efficient in a general context. No relationship between juvenile period and yield or fruit traits was found so that this preselection criterion would have no adverse effects on these characters.

scholarly journals Preventing crop raiding by the Vulnerable common hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius in Guinea-Bissau

Oryx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. González ◽  
Francisco G. D. Montoto ◽  
Tome Mereck ◽  
Junior Alves ◽  
José Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
Hippopotamus Amphibius ◽  
Electric Fencing ◽  
Effective Deterrent ◽  
The Common

AbstractGuinea-Bissau is host to the westernmost subpopulation of the common hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius, which is one of only two known populations inhabiting coastal waters. The presence of hippopotamuses causes conflict with rice farmers as a result of crop damage and the absence of effective measures to protect crops. To develop an effective method for protecting rice fields, we studied the patterns of access to flooded and rain-fed rice fields by hippopotamuses and assessed the effect of the installation of electric fences. Hippopotamuses were detected in 54% of the flooded fields (n = 100) and in 31.9% of the rain-fed fields (n = 91). They were detected more frequently in fields on offshore islands than on the mainland, in unfenced than in fenced fields, and in fields closer to running water. Hippopotamuses entered fenced flooded fields less frequently than unfenced, and were detected most frequently at the end of the rainy season and the start of the dry season, and in the period of vegetative stem growth. Electric fences were an effective deterrent and facilitated increased rice production. The maintenance and cost of the electric fencing were acceptable to farmers, and therefore the use of such fencing is recommended to resolve the conflict between hippopotamuses and farmers in Guinea-Bissau and in other areas with similar conditions.

Advances in understanding the epidemiology, molecular biology and control of net blotch and the net blotch barley interaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 477-524
Author(s):  
Anke Martin ◽  
◽  
Barsha Poudel ◽  
Buddhika Amarasinghe Dahanayaka ◽  
Mark S. McLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Sexual And Asexual Reproduction ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Durable Disease Resistance

Net blotches are the most widely distributed foliar diseases of barley worldwide, causing significant losses in grain yield. They occur as net form net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres and spot form net blotch caused by P. teres f. maculata. Both sexual and asexual reproduction play a role in the P. teres disease cycles leading to changes in genetic variation of populations. Breeding programs have to keep pace with pathogenic changes and ensure different sources of resistance are present in current barley cultivars. Knowledge of the genetic architecture and genes involved in virulence is thus vital to increase the durability of net blotch resistance in barley cultivars. This chapter explores the molecular biology, life-cycle and epidemiology of the net blotch fungi and discusses the key challenges we are facing in managing the net blotches using both fungicide resistance and breeding strategies to achieve durable disease resistance in barley.

Leveraging functionality in safety routines: Examining the divergence of rules and performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1399-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hille C. Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Biology Laboratory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training ◽  
Organizational Objectives

This study advances our understanding of why and how the performance of standardized safety routines varies. Based on six months of field research and interviews in a molecular biology laboratory, this study examines the divergence of safety regulations and actual routine performance. It identifies distinct routine components that address different aspects of safety. While safety regulations and training aim at preventing adverse effects of hazardous substances on the scientists, the scientists are concerned about potential contamination of their experiments. This study investigates the relationship between organizational and scientific objectives. It argues that organizational objectives fall behind scientific objectives in safety routine performance to the extent that their pursuit requires a set of actions separate from those actions that suffice to meet the scientists’ professional concern.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity assessment of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm using ssr markers

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahasanul Hoque ◽  
Shamsun Nahar Begum ◽  
Lutful Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Diversity at molecular level among thirty rice genotypes, selected based on earliness and morphometric diversity was evaluated through five SSR markers associated with days to heading. Three primers viz., RM147, RM167 and RM215 showed polymorphism for growth duration related traits. A total of 17 alleles were detected among the 30 rice genotypes with an average of 5.66 alleles per locus. Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) ranged from 0.356 to 0.798 with an average of 0.543. A dendrogram based on total microsatellite polymorphism grouped 30 genotypes into four major clusters at 0.39 similarity coefficient differentiating early maturing genotypes from others. This information about the genetic diversity will be very useful for proper identification and selection of appropriate parents for future breeding programs, including gene mapping. The results also showed that microsatellite markers associated to genes or QTLs controlling growth duration properties are suitable tools for marker assisted selection (MAS) to select rice lines with short growth duration. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v1i1.22354 Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.1(1): 37-46, Dec 2014

scholarly journals Contribution For Improvement Of Rice Breeding Programs Through Morphoanatomical Traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Germani Concenco ◽  
Giovani Greigh de Brito ◽  
Paulo Roberto Reis Fagundes ◽  
Walkyria Bueno Scivittaro ◽  
José Maria Barbat Parfitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

Breeding programs aim to increase grain yield and quality through selection oriented mostly by morphological and productive traits. Although morphoanatomical traits are preponderant for plant performance, they are usually time-consuming, demanding specific equipment and trained personnel. The aim of the study is to establish relationships among morphological, micromorphological and anatomical traits of rice genotypes, to support rice breeders in choosing variables to be assessed in the search for superior rice genotypes. We assessed morphological (2nd leaf and root lengths, tiller and root number), micromorphological (vein density, intervein distance, stomatal density and opening width) and anatomical (area of sclerenchyma, xylem and phloem vessels, and percentage of aerenchyma) traits. Root number and length, area of sclerenchyma and xylem and phloem vessels are proposed to be the most efficient traits to be assessed in detailed studies aiming to identify superior genotypes in rice breeding programs, from the morphophysiological point of view.

scholarly journals Identification of Promising Genotypes Through Systematic Evaluation for Arsenic Tolerance and Exclusion in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varunseelan Murugaiyan ◽  
Jauhar Ali ◽  
Michael Frei ◽  
Frederike Zeibig ◽  
Ambika Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
World Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Rice remains a major staple food source for the rapidly growing world population. However, regular occurrences of carcinogenic arsenic (As) minerals in waterlogged paddy topsoil pose a great threat to rice production and consumers across the globe. Although As contamination in rice has been well recognized over the past two decades, no suitable rice germplasm had been identified to exploit in adaptive breeding programs. Therefore, this current study identified suitable rice germplasm for As tolerance and exclusion based on a variety of traits and investigated the interlinkages of favorable traits during different growth stages. Fifty-three different genotypes were systematically evaluated for As tolerance and accumulation. A germination screening assay was carried out to identify the ability of individual germplasm to germinate under varying As stress. Seedling-stage screening was conducted in hydroponics under varying As stress to identify tolerant and excluder genotypes, and a field experiment was carried out to identify genotypes accumulating less As in grain. Irrespective of the rice genotypes, plant health declined significantly with increasing As in the treatment. However, genotype-dependent variation in germination, tolerance, and As accumulation was observed among the genotypes. Some genotypes (WTR1-BRRI dhan69, NPT-IR68552-55-3-2, OM997, and GSR IR1-5-Y4-S1-Y1) showed high tolerance by excluding As in the shoot system. Arsenic content in grain ranged from 0.12 mg kg−1 in Huang-Hua-Zhan (indica) from China to 0.48 mg kg−1 in IRAT 109 (japonica) from Brazil. This current study provides novel insights into the performance of rice genotypes under varying As stress during different growth stages for further use in ongoing breeding programs for the development of As-excluding rice varieties for As-polluted environments.

scholarly journals Stability Analysis of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes with High Grain Zinc in Five Different Locations of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
S. K. Singh ◽  
Partha Pratim Behera ◽  
D. K. Singh ◽  
Mounika Korada ◽  
Sonali Vijay Habde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security ◽  
Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Rice is a major energy source food crop and a staple food for more than half of the world’s population. The knowledge of mean performance and stability of high grain Zinc rice genotypes  from a multi-location trial is a way to assess the genotypes so as to achieve food and nutritional security. The present research was conducted to study the stability of 21 high grain Zinc rice genotypes for thirteen yield and yield attributing traits in RCBD with 3 replications in five different locations of Eastern Uttar Pradesh using the Eberhart and Russell stability model. Based on the environmental index, Bhikaripur village is identified as the most favourable environment. The inspection of stability and ANOVA revealed that there were significant linear G x E interactions for most of the characters studied expect plant height, spikelet fertility % and total effective tiller number which implied that there were significant variations among the genotypes. The environment + (genotype x environment) was significant for most of the traits except grain L/B ratio representing specific nature of environments and G x E interaction in morphological expression. Based on the stability parameters none of the genotypes could be identified as stable for any traits over the five environments but, IR 97443-11-2-1-1-1-1 –B and Local check (HUR3022) showed stability for high yield in all the environments. The genotype, IR 97443-11-2-1-1-1-1 –B having stability for grain yield per ha with higher mean and short duration, is also stable for grain yield per plant, grain weight per panicle and spikelet fertility % and could be used as high yielding cultivar and can be used as a parent in future breeding programs. The genotype, IR 95044:8-B-5-22-19-GBS is having the highest grain Zinc content. High grain zinc with higher yield was reported in BRRIdhan 64 and it is stable for grain zinc content and can be used for Zinc bio-fortification breeding programs to minimize malnutrition to ensure food and nutritional security. 

scholarly journals Halyomorpha halys (brown marmorated stink bug).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey C. Leskey ◽  
George C. Hamilton ◽  
David J. Biddinger ◽  
Matthew L. Buffington ◽  
Christine Dieckhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Following the accidental introduction and initial discovery of H. halys in Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA, this species has been detected in 41 states and the District of Columbia in the USA. Isolated populations also exist in Switzerland, France, Italy and Canada. Recent detections also have been reported in Germany and Liechtenstein. BMSB has become a major nuisance pest in the mid-Atlantic region and Pacific Northwest, USA, due to its overwintering behaviour of entering human-made structures in large numbers. BMSB also feeds on numerous tree fruits, vegetables, field crops, ornamental plants, and native vegetation in its native and invaded ranges. In the mid-Atlantic region, serious crop losses have been reported for apples, peaches, sweetcorn, peppers, tomatoes and row crops such as field maize and soyabeans since 2010. Crop damage has also been detected in other states recently including Oregon, Ohio, New York, North Carolina and Tennessee.

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