Differential Susceptibility of Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Different Species of Fungal Pathogens

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahi A Barrera-López ◽  
Ariel W Guzmán-Franco ◽  
Materesa Santillán-Galicia ◽  
Fernando Tamayo-Mejía ◽  
Rafael Bujanos-Muñiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Microbial Agents

Abstract Bagrada hilaris Burmeister (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a pest of Palearctic origin. Its presence in the United States was first reported in 2008 and in Mexico in 2014; it affects brassica crops. There are practically no reports of natural enemies of B. hilaris in America. Entomopathogenic fungi are strong candidates for microbial control of this pest. Evaluating the susceptibility of this pest to fungi that are native to the region where they will be used is a sensible first step to finding candidate biological control agents. The aim of our research was to select potential microbial agents to control B. hilaris. Eleven isolates of Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria pseudobassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea were evaluated to determine the susceptibility of B. hilaris. Isolates of B. bassiana caused the highest mortality due to infection (100%) compared with the other isolates. The I. fumosorosea isolate caused the lowest percent mortality (56%). The two B. bassiana isolates Bb88 and AP3 were more virulent than M. anisopliae isolate Ma129. The sex of the insect had no effect on infection levels achieved by B. bassiana isolates Bb88 and AP3. The results of our study contribute valuable information for the development of fungal species with potential to manage B. hilaris populations. Field studies are the next step in order to develop these isolates as biological control agents of B. hilaris.

Evaluation of Fungal Pathogens as Biological Control Agents for Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)1

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAMILLA B. YANDOC ◽  
RAGHAVAN CHARUDATTAN ◽  
DONN G. SHILLING
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Biological Control Agents

Evaluation of Indigenous Fungal Pathogens from Horse Purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) for Their Relative Virulence and Host Range Assessments to Select a Potential Mycoherbicidal Agent

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puja Ray ◽  
Lakshmi Sumitra Vijayachandran
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Infected Horse ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Phoma Herbarum ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Periodic surveys were conducted to seek potential indigenous fungal agents for development as mycoherbicides against horse purslane, a major weed of agricultural fields in India. Pathogenic fungal species were isolated and identified from naturally infected horse purslane. The biocontrol potential of these pathogens for horse purslane was evaluated by studying their host range and virulence under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. Three candidates,Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, andPhoma herbarum, were identified as potential candidates for biological control of horse purslane. Preliminary host-range tests and pathogenicity studies, conducted using 45 crop and weed plants belonging to 18 families, demonstrated thatP. herbarumprovided effective weed control and was safe to most of the plant species tested. Further mycoherbicidal application ofP. herbarumas plant spray under field condition caused mortality of horse purslane 60 d after application of the inoculums.Phoma herbarumis a good mycoherbicide candidate against horse purslane.

scholarly journals Evaluation of two native entomopathogenic nematodes against Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) (Isoptera: Termitidae) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sindhura Bhairavi ◽  
Badal Bhattacharyya ◽  
Gitanjali Devi ◽  
Sudhansu Bhagawati ◽  
Partha Pratim Gyanudoy Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Agrotis Ipsilon ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Odontotermes Obesus ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are one of the widely studied biological control agents. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two EPNs species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) and Steinernema aciari (Qui, Yan, Zhou, Nguyen and Pang) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), isolated locally from soils of Majuli river island, Assam, India against two important subterrenean pests; Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) (Isoptera: Termitidae) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions. Results In case of O. obesus, mortality percent was recorded by H. bacteriophora after 72 h. at 300 IJs/termite and by S. aciari at 250 and 300 IJs/termite after 96 h. The lowest LD50 and LT50 values obtained for H. bacteriophora were 13.054 IJs/termite and 26.639 h., respectively, while those of S. aciari were 42.040 IJs/termite and 31.761 h., respectively. With respect to A. ipsilon, H. bacteriophora registered a highest mortality rate at 300 IJs/larvae after 144 h. S. aciari showed 100 percent mortality at 300 IJs/larva after 168 h. The lowest values of LD50 and LT50 for H. bacteriophora were 35.711 IJs/larva and 83.050 h., respectively. The lowest values of LD50 and LT50 for S. aciari were 71.192 IJs/larvae and 97.921 h., respectively. Overall, H. bacteriophora displayed more virulence toward O. obesus and A. ipsilon than S. aciari. Conclusion Both native EPNs were found effective against O. obesus and A. ipsilon. However, H. bacteriophora was more virulent toward O. obesus and A. ipsilon than S. aciari under the laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Principles of Biological Weed Control

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 750D-750
Author(s):  
Susan M. Boyetchko
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Biological Weed Control ◽  
Weed Biocontrol ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Inundative Biological Control ◽  
High Concentrations

Weeds continue to have a tremendous impact on crop yield losses in Canada and the United States, despite efforts to control them with chemicals. Biological control offers an additional means for reducing weed populations while reducing the reliance of the agri-food industry on chemical pesticides. Effective biological strategies that are compatible with good soil conservation practices would benefit farmers while maintaining environmental quality and a sustained production for the future. Inundative biological control of weeds with microbial agents involves the mass production and application of high concentrations of a plant pathogen to a target weed. Historically, biocontrol agents used on weeds have been foliar fungal pathogens. More recently, the soil has become a source for microorganisms, such as rhizobacteria, for development as biological control agents. Several naturally occurring rhizobacteria have weed suppressive properties, where growth and development of weeds such as downy brome, wild oats, leafy spurge, and green foxtail are significantly inhibited. Although the focus in weed biocontrol has been on the eradication of weeds, rhizobacteria may be used to improve seedling establishment of the crop by reducing the weed competition. This can be achieved through a reduction in weed growth, vigor, and reproductive capacity and improvement in the ability of the crop to compete with the weed. Current research in weed biocontrol with microorganisms and its application to weed management systems will be discussed.

scholarly journals Response of Soil Microbiome Structure to Biological Control Agents (BCAs) in Strawberry Greenhouse

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senlin Liu ◽  
Muzammil Hassan Khan ◽  
Zhongyuan Yuan ◽  
Sarfraz Hussain ◽  
Hui Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Effective Microorganisms

AbstractContinuous cropping always leads to severe abiotic and biotic problems, especially the high-intensity land utilization in greenhouses, which causes widespread concern. Effective Microorganisms (EM) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) have been widely used to promote plant growth and increase yields as biological control agents (BCAs). However, their effects on soil microbes are obscure. To regulate the microbial community in continuous cropping strawberry soils, we developed four soil amendments by combining EM and BS with compost. The amplicon sequencing of bacterial and fungal ribosomal markers was applied to study the response of the soil microbiome structure. We noticed a sharp increase in bacterial diversity after the addition of EM-treated high compost and BS-treated low compost, while there was no significant change in fungal diversity among treatments. Interestingly, both the relative abundance and FUNGuild predictions was consistent in revealing that BCAs may inhibit fungal pathogens in soils. Correlation analysis indicated that soil microbial community was indirectly driven by soil properties. Co-occurrence networks demonstrated that BCAs could be microecologically homogeneous through enhancing bacterial network complexity and modularity. Collectively, EM-treated high compost and BS-treated low compost can well regulate the microbial community structure and thus maintain soil health.

Fungi as biological control agents of arthropods of agricultural and medical importance

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hall ◽  
B. Papierok
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Terrestrial Insects

SUMMARYThere are many species of fungi attacking terrestrial and aquatic insects of agricultural and medical importance. Of these, few species have received much attention with a view to their use as biological control agents. The mechanisms of infection have been comparatively well studied, although many questions remain to be answered. The knowledge so far obtained has shed some light on the reasons for host specificity. Temperature, above all relative humidity, and their interactions are the most important physical factors influencing infection of terrestrial insects by entomopathogenic fungi and these are discussed in relation to epizootiological events. In aquatic environments, temperature, salinity and organic pollution are the important factors. In addition to these physical factors, numerous biotic factors at the level of the insect and the fungal pathogen influence both infection and spread of disease in insect populations. The complexity of the interactions of the biotic and abiotic factors makes it extremely difficult to study the influence of any one of these. Virulence of fungal pathogens and its measurement are discussed, together with the shortcomings of present bioassay systems; virtually no laboratory bioassay system exists which has been designed to yield data meaningful in the field. Mass-production techniques are described as are their inherent problems and those of formulation and storage. Finally, the achievements of fungal control of insects in the field are reviewed. Thus far, several species are mass-produced and are in widespread use, two of which,Verticillium lecaniiandHirsutella thompsonii, have been commercialized. More studies, ecological, fundamental and developmental are required in this field to realize fully the potential of other candidate fungi.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of grapevine endophytes, epiphytes and sap micro-organisms for potential use to control grapevine trunk disease pathogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Blundell ◽  
Molly Arreguin ◽  
Akif Eskalen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Eutypa Dieback ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Wound Protection

SummaryGrapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) threaten the economic sustainability of viticulture worldwide causing a significant reduction of both yields and quality of grapes. Biological control presents a promising sustainable alternative to cultural and chemical methods to mitigate the effects of pathogens causing GTDs, including Botryosphaeria dieback, Eutypa dieback and Esca. This study aimed to identify naturally occurring potential biological control agents from a variety of grapevine tissues, including sap, cane and pith and evaluate their antagonistic activity against selected fungal pathogens responsible for GTDs in vitro. Bacterial and fungal isolates were preliminary screened in vitro to determine their antifungal activity via a dual culture assay against Neofusicoccum parvum and Eutypa lata. Among the fungal isolates, Trichoderma spp. inhibited E. lata mycelial growth up to 64% and N. parvum mycelial growth up to 73% with overgrowth and stopped growth being the likely antagonistic mechanisms. Among the bacterial isolates, Bacillus spp. inhibited E. lata mycelial growth up to 20% and N. parvum mycelial growth up to 40%. Select antagonistic isolates of Trichoderma, Bacillus and Aureobasidium spp. were subject to further dual culture antifungal analysis against Diplodia seriata and Diaporthe ampelina, with Trichoderma isolates consistently causing the greatest inhibition. Volatile organic compound antifungal analysis revealed that these Trichoderma isolates resulted significantly inhibited mycelial growth of N. parvum, E. lata and D. ampelina causing up to 20.11%, 60.55% and 70.9% inhibition respectively (P≤0.05). Multilocus sequence analysis revealed that the Trichoderma isolates are most closely related to Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma hamatum. This study identifies grapevine sap as a novel source of potential biological control agents for control of GTDs to support existing efforts to control GTDs. Further testing will be necessary to fully characterize these microbes mode of antagonism and assess their efficacy for pruning wound protection in planta.

scholarly journals Impact of Trichoderma sp. on the Development of Heterobasidion Annosum in Decayed Understory Picea Abies Stumps

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Kristīne Kenigsvalde ◽  
Dina Nitiša ◽  
Dace Saulīte ◽  
Kari Korhonen ◽  
Līvija Vulfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Abstract Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. s.l. causes significant economic losses in conifer forests. Therefore, to reduce the spread of the infection surfaces of freshly cut conifer, stumps are commonly treated with biological control agents. Trichoderma sp. shows very strong antagonistic effect against H. annosum in vitro, but relatively few field studies have been conducted. Moreover, most of previous studies examined the impact of Trichoderma sp. on H. annosum in healthy conifer stumps. The aim of our work was to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma sp. against H. annosum in already decayed understory spruce stumps. In total, 75 decayed spruce stumps were surveyed. Part of the spruce stumps were left as a control, and the others were treated with one of two Trichoderma isolates (T472 and T945) belonging to two different species: T. viridescens and T. viride. The occurrence of H. annosum was evaluated 3 and 12 months after treatment. The main results were that the area of previously healthy wood occupied by H. annosum was larger in control stumps in comparison with treated stumps, but the differences were not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Curative Evaluation of Biological Control Agents and Synthetic Fungicides for Clarireedia jacksonii

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1622-1625
Author(s):  
Jeffery W. Marvin ◽  
Robert Andrew Kerr ◽  
Lambert B. McCarty ◽  
William Bridges ◽  
S. Bruce Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
Clemson University ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Putting Green

Clarireedia jacksonii sp. nov. formerly Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett, one of the causal agents of dollar spot, is the most widespread pathogen in turfgrass systems. Dollar spot (DS) affects both cool- and warm-season grasses, during a wide range of environmental conditions. Field studies were conducted at Clemson University, Clemson, SC, on a creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds) cv. Crenshaw] putting green for 2 consecutive years from August to October in year 1 and July to September in year 2. The objective of the studies was to evaluate biological control agents (BCAs) and synthetic fungicides at reduced rates for their efficacy controlling dollar spot. Four replications of 1.5 × 1.5-m plots were used in the experimental design. Treatments included the following: Bacillus subtilis (BS); plant extract oils (EO) including clove oil + wintergreen oil + thyme oil; extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis (RS); Bacillus licheniformis (BL); chlorothalonil (CL); and azoxystrobin + propiconazole (AzP). Synthetic fungicides were used at reduced rates in combination with biological control agents, to evaluate curative control efficacy of various combinations. All reduced synthetic programs, except CL + EO, provided acceptable disease severity (≤15%) at the end of year 1 and acceptable (≥7) turfgrass visual quality. Azoxystrobin + propiconazole, CL, AzP + BL, AzP + EO, AzP + BS all provided ≤15% disease severity and ≥7 visual turfgrass quality 14 days after the last application in year 2.

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