Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)–treated Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Larvae Mediate the Preference and Functional Response of Euborellia annulipes (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae) Nymphs

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2614-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmar da S Nunes ◽  
Caio C Truzi ◽  
Joacir do Nascimento ◽  
Flávia F de Paula ◽  
Sidnéia T S de Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Fungal Entomopathogens ◽  
Major Pest

Abstract Biological control is one of the strategies to reduce populations of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), the major pest of brassica. Entomopathogen-based biopesticides are recommended and used for its control, reducing the constant use of chemical pesticides. Predators and/or fungal entomopathogens have an increasing interest to be used against diamondback moth, and the compatibility of these control agents in the field is important for pest management. Here we experimentally investigate the effects of diamondback moth larvae treated with a biopesticidal formulation of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin in the feeding preference and functional response of the ring-legged earwig. We used untreated and B. bassiana-treated diamondback moth fourth instars (over a 24-h period of exposure) and Euborellia annulipes (Lucas) fifth instars. The nymphs were included in choice condition tests and different larval densities to the analysis of feeding preference and functional responses, respectively. Euborellia annulipes nymphs exhibited no feeding preference under choice conditions but presented different types of functional response: Type II on untreated and type III on fungus-treated diamondback moth larvae. The interaction between E. annulipes and B. bassiana observed in our study contributes to the understanding of the predator–prey–pathogen relationships with implications for P. xylostella integrated management strategies.

scholarly journals Applying predator-prey theory to modelling immune-mediated, within-host interspecific parasite interactions

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDY FENTON ◽  
SARAH E. PERKINS
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Immune Activity ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Predator Prey Models

SUMMARYPredator-prey models are often applied to the interactions between host immunity and parasite growth. A key component of these models is the immune system's functional response, the relationship between immune activity and parasite load. Typically, models assume a simple, linear functional response. However, based on the mechanistic interactions between parasites and immunity we argue that alternative forms are more likely, resulting in very different predictions, ranging from parasite exclusion to chronic infection. By extending this framework to consider multiple infections we show that combinations of parasites eliciting different functional responses greatly affect community stability. Indeed, some parasites may stabilize other species that would be unstable if infecting alone. Therefore hosts' immune systems may have adapted to tolerate certain parasites, rather than clear them and risk erratic parasite dynamics. We urge for more detailed empirical information relating immune activity to parasite load to enable better predictions of the dynamic consequences of immune-mediated interspecific interactions within parasite communities.

scholarly journals Permanence of Periodic Predator-Prey System with Functional Responses and Stage Structure for Prey

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can-Yun Huang ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Hai-Feng Huo
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Stage Structure ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Sufficient And Necessary Conditions ◽  
Holling Ii Functional Response

A stage-structured three-species predator-prey model with Beddington-DeAngelis and Holling II functional response is introduced. Based on the comparison theorem, sufficient and necessary conditions which guarantee the predator and the prey species to be permanent are obtained. An example is also presented to illustrate our main results.

scholarly journals Evaluación de la actividad biocontroladora de Beauveria bassiana y Metarhizium anisopliae sobre larvas de Ancognatha scarabaeiodes (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Any Mercedes Lucero Mafla ◽  
Luis Alberto Peña Villamil ◽  
Tito Bacca Ibarra
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Fungal Entomopathogens ◽  
Biocontrol Activity ◽  
Mortality Percentage ◽  
Lethal Doses

<p>Actualmente, en los municipios del departamento de Nariño (Colombia), en los cultivos de trigo y papa que son los principales sistemas de producción, se presentan altas infestaciones de poblaciones de chisas encontrándose hasta 350 larvas/m2, representando un factor limitante para la producción de los cultivos. Una alternativa promisoria para el manejo de esta plaga es la utilización de métodos biológicos que incluyen el uso de hongos entomopatógenos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el de evaluar el efecto de <em>Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae </em>sobre larvas de <em>Ancognatha scarabaeoides </em>en laboratorio e invernadero. Los aislamientos de hongos se obtuvieron de larvas infectadas en los municipios de Yacuanquer y Ospina. En el laboratorio, se seleccionaron 5 de 9 aislamientos de hongos: Mt1, Bb cosmo, Mt2, Bb4 y Bb10 que presentaron mortalidades superiores al 50%, éstas se evaluaron a concentraciones de 1x105 a 1x1010 esporas/ml. El porcentaje acumulado de mortalidad a los 18 días después de la inoculación fueron: del 100% para Bb cosmo, Mt1 y Mt2 en la concentración de 1x1010 esporas/ml y del 90% para Bb4 y Bb10 en la concentración de 1x109 esporas/ml, presentando concentraciones letales 90(CL90) de 1.1x1010, 7.3x109, 2.2x1010, 3.9x1010 y 4.3x1010 esporas/ml respectivamente. En invernadero se evaluaron los mismos microorganismos con sus respectivas concentraciones letales 50(CL50) y 90(CL90), encontrándose porcentajes de mortalidad del 76.00%, 67.50%, 63.50%, 59.00% y 53.50% para Mt1, Bb cosmo, Mt2, Bb4 y Bb10. Estos resultados indican la posibilidad de incluir estos biocontroladores nativos en el manejo integrado de las chisas en Nariño.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Evaluation of the biocontrol activity of <em>Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae</em>, on larvae of <em>Ancognatha scarabaeoides </em>(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).</strong></p><p>High grub populations of coleopteran, frequently attack crops of wheat and potato in the Department of Nariño, Colombia. Reports indicate that infestations levels reach more than 350 larvae/ m2, which severely reduce crop yields. Use of biological control measurements as fungal entomopathogens seems to be a promising alternative for management of this pest. The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of <em>Beauveria bassiana </em>and <em>Metarhizium anisopliae </em>on larvae of <em>Ancognatha scarabaeoides </em>both in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Isolates of entomopathogen fungus were obtained from infected larvae in the municipalities of Yacuanquer and Ospina. A sample of 5 isolates, which previously had shown to cause mortality rates higher than 50%, was selected in the laboratory: Mt1, Bb cosmo, Mt2, Bb4 and Bb10. Isolates concentrations from 1x105 to 1x1010 spores/ml were tested. The cumulative mortality percentage (at 18 days after the inoculation) ranged from 100% with Bb cosmo, Mt1 and Mt2 at concentrations of 1x1010 spores/ml to 90% with Bb4 and Bb10 at concentrations of 1x109 spores/ml. Lethal doses 90 (LD90) of 1.1x1010, 7.3x109, 2.2x1010, 3.9x1010 and 4.3x1010 spores/ml were calculated for each isolate, respectively. An evaluation of the biocontrol activity of the isolates was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Mortality percentages obtained reached 76%, 67.5%, 63.5%, 59% and 53.5% for Mt1, Bb cosmo, Mt2, Bb4 and Bb10, respectively. These results suggest that the use of native biocontrolers is a promising alternative to be included in the integrated management for white grubs in Nariño.</p>

Predator Ecology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. DeLong
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Integrative Science

Predator-prey interactions form an essential part of ecological communities, determining the flow of energy from autotrophs to top predators. The rate of predation is a key regulator of that energy flow, and that rate is determined by the functional response. Functional responses themselves are emergent ecological phenomena – they reflect morphology, behavior, and physiology of both predator and prey and are both outcomes of evolution and the source of additional evolution. The functional response is thus a concept that connects many aspects of biology from behavioral ecology to eco-evolutionary dynamics to food webs, and as a result, the functional response is the key to an integrative science of predatory ecology. In this book, I provide a synthesis of research on functional responses, starting with the basics. I then break the functional response down into foraging components and connect these to the traits and behaviors that connect species in food webs. I conclude that contrary to appearances, we know very little about functional responses, and additional work is necessary for us to understand how environmental change and management will impact ecological systems

scholarly journals Thermal Tolerance and Prediction of Northern Distribution of the Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinan Wang ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Rodrigo Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Major Pest

Abstract Physiological limits of non-native species to environmental factors are critical for their establishment and spread in the adventive range. The crapemyrtle bark scale, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana), is a major pest of crapemyrtles. Despite concerns on its rapid spread, there is a lack of information on potential distribution range of this scale in the United States. To understand this scale’s distribution potential, its thermal tolerance was evaluated using higher and lower thermal limits. Exposure time leading to 50 and 90% mortality (Lt50 and Lt90) at extreme low or high temperatures were measured under controlled conditions. A model was then built to fit temperature data of cold fronts from 2001 to 2016 and to calculate potential mortalities along latitudes. Isothermal lines delineated at 90% mortality were defined as the northern limits. Modeling results suggested that A. lagerstroemiae nymphs collected in summer could tolerate heat; however, they were more susceptible to cold temperatures. Laboratory assays suggested that cold tolerance of A. lagerstroemiae nymphs varied from summer to winter. For example, SCP of nymphs collected in summer was higher than those collected in fall (−21 vs. −27°C), and the exposure time leading to Lt90 at 0°C was also different, which were 8 versus 50 h comparing nymphs collected in summer versus fall. Our prediction suggested that A. lagerstroemiae is likely to be limited by cold temperatures along the 43° N latitude. Based on these results, integrated management strategies can be developed for A. lagerstroemiae within the predicted range.

scholarly journals Space race functional responses

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1801) ◽  
pp. 20142121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Sjödin ◽  
Åke Brännström ◽  
Göran Englund
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Space Race ◽  
Functional Response Models ◽  
The Relationship

We derive functional responses under the assumption that predators and prey are engaged in a space race in which prey avoid patches with many predators and predators avoid patches with few or no prey. The resulting functional response models have a simple structure and include functions describing how the emigration of prey and predators depend on interspecific densities. As such, they provide a link between dispersal behaviours and community dynamics. The derived functional response is general but is here modelled in accordance with empirically documented emigration responses. We find that the prey emigration response to predators has stabilizing effects similar to that of the DeAngelis–Beddington functional response, and that the predator emigration response to prey has destabilizing effects similar to that of the Holling type II response. A stability criterion describing the net effect of the two emigration responses on a Lotka–Volterra predator–prey system is presented. The winner of the space race (i.e. whether predators or prey are favoured) is determined by the relationship between the slopes of the species' emigration responses. It is predicted that predators win the space race in poor habitats, where predator and prey densities are low, and that prey are more successful in richer habitats.

scholarly journals Derivation of predator functional responses using a mechanistic approach in a natural system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréanne Beardsell ◽  
Dominique Gravel ◽  
Dominique Berteaux ◽  
Gilles Gauthier ◽  
Jeanne Clermont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Natural System ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Acquisition Rate ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
Acquisition Rates

AbstractThe functional response is central to our understanding of any predator–prey system as it establishes the link between trophic levels. Most functional responses are evaluated using phenomenological models linking predator acquisition rate and prey density. However, our ability to measure functional responses using such an approach is often limited in natural systems and the use of inaccurate functions can profoundly affect the outcomes of population and community models. Here, we develop a mechanistic model based on extensive data to assess the functional response of a generalist predator, the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), to various tundra prey species (lemmings and the nests of geese, passerines and sandpipers). We found that predator acquisition rates derived from the mechanistic model were consistent with field observations. Although sigmoidal functional responses were previously used to model fox-prey population dynamics, none of our simulations resulted in a saturating response in all prey species. Our results highlight the importance of predator searching components in predator-prey interactions, especially predator speed, while predator acquisition rates were not limited by handling processes. By combining theory with field observations, our study provides evidences that predator acquisition rate is not systematically limited at the highest prey densities observed in a natural system. We reinforce the idea that functional response categories, typically types I, II, and III, should be considered as particular cases along a continuum. Specific functions derived with a mechanistic approach for a range of densities observed in natural communities should improve our ability to model and understand predator-prey systems.

scholarly journals Permanence of Periodic Predator-Prey System with General Nonlinear Functional Response and Stage Structure for Both Predator and Prey

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuming Huang ◽  
Xiangzeng Kong ◽  
Wensheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Stage Structure ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Nonlinear Functional ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey System

We study the permanence of periodic predator-prey system with general nonlinear functional responses and stage structure for both predator and prey and obtain that the predator and the prey species are permanent.

scholarly journals Global Stability of a Predator-Prey Model with Ivlev-Type Functional Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (99) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yinshu Wu ◽  
Wenzhang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Global Stability ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Local Stability ◽  
Positive Equilibrium ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey Model ◽  
Predator Prey Models ◽  
Global And Local

A predator-prey model with Ivlev-Type functional response is studied. The main purpose is to investigate the global stability of a positive (co-existence) equilibrium, whenever it exists. A recently developed approach shows that for certain classes of models, there is an implicitly defined function which plays an important rule in determining the global stability of the positive equilibrium. By performing a detailed analytic analysis we demonstrate that a crucial property of this implicitly defined function is governed by the local stability of the positive equilibrium, which enable us to show that the global and local stability of the positive equilibrium, whenever it exists, is equivalent. We believe that our approach can be extended to study the global stability of the positive equilibrium for predator-prey models with some other types of functional responses.

scholarly journals Feeding preference of Euborellia annulipes to Plutella xylostella: effects of temperature and prey development stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmar da Silva Nunes ◽  
Hágabo Honorato de Paulo ◽  
Welliny Soares Rocha Dias ◽  
Sergio Antonio De Bortoli
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Potential Predator ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

ABSTRACT The ring-legged earwig Euborellia annulipes has been studied as a natural enemy of pest-insects and a potential predator of diamondback moth. Temperature is an important factor that mediates the pest population density and may affect the predator-prey relationship dynamics. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the temperature and development stage of Plutella xylostella individuals on the feeding preference of E. annulipes females. Three temperatures (18 ºC, 25 ºC and 32 ºC), two development stages (larvae and pupae) and two feeding conditions related to the prey capture (with or without choice) were assessed. No matter the temperature, ring-legged earwig females showed a preference for eating larvae, instead of pupae. The temperature and choice conditions influenced the amount of consumed preys, but only for larvae (not for pupae). The lowest larvae consumption was observed at 18 ºC, in both prey capture conditions.

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