scholarly journals Differentiation of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and American Lotus Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Ostrinia penitalis, from North American Field Collections

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 2007-2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad S Coates ◽  
Craig A Abel
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
North America ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Bt Toxins ◽  
Digestion Pattern ◽  
Accurate Quantification

AbstractThe European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a perennial insect pest of cultivated maize that was inadvertently introduced into North America in the early 1900s, but population densities have decreased since the widespread adoption of transgenic hybrids that express Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins. The native American lotus borer, Ostrinia penitalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is among the most ancestral species described in the genus Ostrinia, and has a geographic range that coincides with that of O. nubilalis across major maize growing regions of North America. Due to the recent decrease in O. nubilalis populations, O. penitalis has become more pronounced in light trap samples intended to monitor O. nubilalis. A molecular tool based on variation in restriction endonuclease digestion pattern of a polymerase chain reaction amplified fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coxI) gene was developed and validated to differentiate these two species. This method was applied to light trap samples over a 2-yr period and achieved accurate quantification of species, and shows that O. penitalis can be prevalent in O. nubilalis first flight sampling. These methods are useful for contemporary O. nubilalis field research in North America.

scholarly journals Aboveground Herbivory Influences Belowground Defense Responses in Maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Pingault ◽  
Saumik Basu ◽  
Prince Zogli ◽  
W. Paul Williams ◽  
Nathan Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Root Physiology ◽  
Aboveground Herbivory

The European corn borer (ECB; Ostrinia nubilalis) is an economically damaging insect pest of maize (Zea mays L.), an important cereal crop widely grown globally. Among inbred lines, the maize genotype Mp708 has shown resistance to diverse herbivorous insects, although several aspects of the defense mechanisms of Mp708 plants are yet to be explored. Here, the changes in root physiology arising from short-term feeding by ECB on the shoot tissues of Mp708 plants was evaluated directly using transcriptomics, and indirectly by monitoring changes in growth of western corn rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) larvae. Mp708 defense responses negatively impacted both ECB and WCR larval weights, providing evidence for changes in root physiology in response to ECB feeding on shoot tissues. There was a significant downregulation of genes in the root tissues following short-term ECB feeding, including genes needed for direct defense (e.g., proteinase inhibitors and chitinases). Our transcriptomic analysis also revealed specific regulation of the genes involved in hormonal and metabolite pathways in the roots of Mp708 plants subjected to ECB herbivory. These data provide support for the long-distance signaling-mediated defense in Mp708 plants and suggest that altered metabolite profiles of roots in response to ECB feeding of shoots likely negatively impacted WCR growth.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPRING FLIGHT OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. R. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Emergence Pattern

AbstractA multiple regression analysis was used to establish which weather factors and population parameters were important in determining the emergence pattern of the spring flight of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.), as measured by light trap catches. Equations which estimated the slope and intercept of a line representing the probit of cumulative percentage emergence vs. degree days had as independent variables the intercept of the previous year’s regression line and the average temperature for the preceding September, December, February, and April. A comparison of methods used to estimate the emergence pattern showed that the average deviation of the average date method was 5.0 days, the average slope and intercept method 2.8 days, and multiple regression method 1.6 days.

scholarly journals Characterization of Chimeric Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3 Toxins

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 956-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Fang ◽  
Xiaoli Xu ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Jian-Zhou Zhao ◽  
Anthony M. Shelton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Cabbage Looper ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Corn Borer

ABSTRACT Bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip) are potential alternatives for B. thuringiensis endotoxins that are currently utilized in commercial transgenic insect-resistant crops. Screening a large number of B. thuringiensis isolates resulted in the cloning of vip3Ac1. Vip3Ac1 showed high insecticidal activity against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda and the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa zea but very low activity against the silkworm Bombyx mori. The host specificity of this Vip3 toxin was altered by sequence swapping with a previously identified toxin, Vip3Aa1. While both Vip3Aa1 and Vip3Ac1 showed no detectable toxicity against the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis, the chimeric protein Vip3AcAa, consisting of the N-terminal region of Vip3Ac1 and the C-terminal region of Vip3Aa1, became insecticidal to the European corn borer. In addition, the chimeric Vip3AcAa had increased toxicity to the fall armyworm. Furthermore, both Vip3Ac1 and Vip3AcAa are highly insecticidal to a strain of cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) that is highly resistant to the B. thuringiensis endotoxin Cry1Ac, thus experimentally showing for the first time the lack of cross-resistance between B. thuringiensis Cry1A proteins and Vip3A toxins. The results in this study demonstrated that vip3Ac1 and its chimeric vip3 genes can be excellent candidates for engineering a new generation of transgenic plants for insect pest control.

Ecotypes of the European Corn Borer 1 in North America 234

1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Showers ◽  
H. C. Chiang ◽  
A. J. Keaster ◽  
R. E. Hill ◽  
G. L. Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Corn Borer

A METHOD OF DETECTING OVIPOSITION IN EUROPEAN CORN BORER MOTHS, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), AND ITS RELATION TO SUBSEQUENT LARVAL DAMAGE TO PEPPERS

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Elliott ◽  
R.J. McClanahan ◽  
J. Founk
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Yellow Band ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

AbstractThe formation of a yellow band inside the stalk of each ovariole was a good indicator that a female European corn borer had laid eggs. The absence of these bands was less reliable as an indicator that no eggs had been laid, probably due to the time taken for the bands to form. The numbers of moths accumulating in a light trap over a week at Harrow, Ontario, and the numbers of females estimated to have laid eggs correlated significantly with the numbers of larvae developing in nearby green pepper plots 3, 4, and 5 weeks later during second generation flights. This enabled linear equations for forecasting pepper damage to be developed, in which the dissection data was more useful than the total moth catch alone.

Dibrachys cavus (Wlkr.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a New Parasite of the European Corn Borer, Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Canada

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-25
Author(s):  
Marcel Hudon
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Pyrausta Nubilalis ◽  
Experimental Plots

During the latter part of June, 1955, a larva of the European corn borer, Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.), dissected from overwintered corn stalks in experimental plots at St. Jean was observed to be parasitized by hymenopterous larvae. These were reared to the adult stage and were then identified by Dr. O. Peck, Entomology Division, Ottawa, as of Dibrachys cavus (Wlkr.). This parasite has only once been reported from North America (Blickenstaff et al., 1953, p. 377) and once from Russia (Thompson, 1946, p. 517).

Predicting the Size of European Corn Borer Infestations (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.)

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Predictive Equation ◽  
Partial Regression ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Kent County

AbstractA method of forecasting the size of first-generation or summer infestations of Ostrinia nubilalis in Kent County, Ontario, is described. A function is derived from partial regression analysis relating the estimated size of the expected summer infestation to (1) the number of females caught in a light-trap during the first or spring flight, and (2) average rainfall per day during the first flight. The function explains 94% of the observed variation in estimated size of first-generation infestations in this area between 1947 and 1961. A means of categorizing the estimated size of the predicted infestation based on the frequency distribution of previously estimated infestations is also described. Methods of sampling and estimating population size and the applicability of the predictive equation to other environments are discussed.

scholarly journals Recent Research Advances on the European Corn Borer in North America

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
T A Brindley ◽  
A N Sparks ◽  
W B Showers ◽  
W D Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Corn Borer
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