scholarly journals Use of a Lower-Volume, Surface Pesticide Spray Conserves Spider Assemblages in a Tea Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 1595-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kakoki ◽  
Takeshi Kamimuro ◽  
Katsuo Tsuda ◽  
Yositaka Sakamaki
Keyword(s):  
Lower Volume ◽  
Tea Field

scholarly journals Percolation networks inside 3D model of the mineralized collagen fibril

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano Bini ◽  
Andrada Pica ◽  
Andrea Marinozzi ◽  
Franco Marinozzi
Keyword(s):  
Collagen Fibril ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Volume Fractions ◽  
Human Bone Tissue ◽  
Width Direction ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Apatite Mineral ◽  
Critical Mineral ◽  
Mineralized Collagen Fibril ◽  
Mineralized Collagen

AbstractBone is a hierarchical biological material, characterized at the nanoscale by a recurring structure mainly composed of apatite mineral and collagen, i.e. the mineralized collagen fibril (MCF). Although the architecture of the MCF was extensively investigated by experimental and computational studies, it still represents a topic of debate. In this work, we developed a 3D continuum model of the mineral phase in the framework of percolation theory, that describes the transition from isolated to spanning cluster of connected platelets. Using Monte Carlo technique, we computed overall 120 × 106 iterations and investigated the formation of spanning networks of apatite minerals. We computed the percolation probability for different mineral volume fractions characteristic of human bone tissue. The findings highlight that the percolation threshold occurs at lower volume fractions for spanning clusters in the width direction with respect to the critical mineral volume fractions that characterize the percolation transition in the thickness and length directions. The formation of spanning clusters of minerals represents a condition of instability for the MCF, as it could be the onset of a high susceptibility to fracture. The 3D computational model developed in this study provides new, complementary insights to the experimental investigations concerning human MCF.

The Study on Microstructural and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline Germanium Films

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 324-327
Author(s):  
Chao Song ◽  
Rui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Multilayer Structure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Multilayer Film ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Raman Scattering Spectroscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature Photoluminescence ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Lower Volume Fraction ◽  
Lower Volume

The germanium film and Ge/Si multilayer structure were fabricated by magnetron sputtering technique on silicon substrate at temperatures of 500°C. Raman scattering spectroscopy measurements reveal that the nanocrystalline Ge occurs in both kinds of samples. Furthermore, from the atomic force microscopy (AFM) results, it is found that the grain size as well as spatially ordering distribution of the nc-Ge can be modulated by the Ge/Si multilayer structure. The room temperature photoluminescence was also observed in the samples. However, compared with that from the nc-Ge film, the intensity of PL from the nc-Ge/a-Si multilayer film becomes weaker, which is attributed to its lower volume fraction of crystallized component.

scholarly journals Muscle capillary supply in harbor seals

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 1919-1926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane B. Kanatous ◽  
Robert Elsner ◽  
Odile Mathieu-Costello
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Harbor Seals ◽  
Capillary Length ◽  
Capillary Supply ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Fiber Number ◽  
Mitochondrial Volume ◽  
Comparable Size

The purpose of this study was to examine muscle capillary supply in harbor seals. Locomotory and nonlocomotory muscles of four harbor seals (mass = 17.5–41 kg) were glutaraldehyde-perfusion fixed and samples processed for electron microscopy and analyzed by morphometry. Capillary-to-fiber number and surface ratios were 0.81 ± 0.05 and 0.16 ± 0.01, respectively. Capillary length and surface area per volume of muscle fiber were 1,495 ± 83 mm/mm3 and 22.4 ± 1.6 mm2/mm3, respectively. In the locomotory muscles, we measured capillary length and surface area per volume mitochondria (20.1 ± 1.7 km/ml and 2,531 ± 440 cm2/ml). All these values are 1.5–3 times lower than in muscles with similar or lower volume densities of mitochondria in dogs of comparable size. Compared with terrestrial mammals, the skeletal muscles of harbor seals do not match their increased aerobic enzyme capacities and mitochondrial volume densities with greater muscle capillary supply. They have a smaller capillary-to-fiber interface and capillary supply per fiber mitochondrial volume than terrestrial mammals of comparable size.

Rectal sensorimotor dysfunction in women with fecal incontinence

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. G282-G289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Andrews ◽  
Adil E. Bharucha ◽  
Barb Seide ◽  
A. R. Zinsmeister
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Sensory Thresholds ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Prominent Symptom ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Rectal Capacity ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Asymptomatic Women ◽  
Rectal Distention

The rate and pattern of rectal distension affect rectal distensibility, perception, and anal relaxation in health. Because rectal urgency is a prominent symptom in fecal incontinence (FI), we assessed rectal distensibility, contractions, perception, and anal pressures during rectal distention in 21 healthy, asymptomatic women (age 61 ± 2 yr, mean ± SE) and 51 women with FI (60 ± 2 yr). Rectal staircases (0–32 mmHg, 4-mm steps) and ramp distensions [0–200 ml at 25, 50, and 100 ml/min with a phase of sustained distension (SD), lasting 1 min, between inflation and deflation]. The rectum was stiffer during rapid than slow ramp distention. This effect was more prominent at a lower volume (50 ml) and was also more pronounced in older subjects and in FI. A rectal contractile response was observed not only during inflation but also during SD and during deflation. During inflation, this contractile response was rate dependent in controls but not in FI. During staircase but not ramp distentions, the threshold for the desire to defecate was lower in FI. During ramp distentions, the duration of perception was significantly longer in FI. The rate of distention did not affect rectal perception (i.e., sensory thresholds or duration of perception) during ramp distentions. Baseline anal pressures and the magnitude of anal relaxation during rectal distention were also reduced in FI. In addition to reduced rectal capacity and compliance, women with FI had an exaggerated rate-dependent reduction in rectal distensibility, lower sensory thresholds, and more prolonged perception, indicative of rectoanal dysfunctions.

scholarly journals WATER INGESTION DYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH ACHALASIA: INFLUENCE OF SEX AND AGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Oliveira DANTAS ◽  
Rachel Aguiar CASSIANI ◽  
Carla Manfredi SANTOS ◽  
Leda Maria Tavares ALVES
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bolus Transit ◽  
Water Ingestion ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Drinking Test ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Peristaltic Contractions

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Achalasia is a disease that affects esophageal bolus transit due to the absence of esophageal peristaltic contractions and impaired or absent relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this investigation was: a) to evaluate the dynamics of water ingestion in patients with achalasia, idiopathic or caused by Chagas’ disease; b) to evaluate the influence of sex and age on water ingestion dynamics. METHODS: The investigation was conducted with 79 patients with achalasia (27 idiopathic and 52 Chagas’ disease) and 91 healthy volunteers, all evaluated by the water-drinking test. The individuals drank, in triplicate, 50 mL of water without interruption. The time and the number of swallows for this task were counted. We also measured: (a) inter-swallow interval - the time to complete the task, divided by the number of swallows during the task; (b) swallowing rate - volume drunk divided by the time; (c) volume per swallow - volume drunk divided by the number of swallows. RESULTS: Patients with achalasia took longer to ingest all the volume (mean 12.2 seconds) than healthy controls (mean 5.4 seconds), had greater number of swallows, longer interval between swallows, lower swallowing rate (5.2 mL/s vs 10.9 mL/s in controls) and lower volume per swallow (9.1 mL vs 14.4 mL in controls, P<0.01). Among healthy volunteers, women had a shorter interval between swallows and lower volume per swallow compared with men, and in the achalasia group, women had a longer interval between swallows and lower ingestion rate. No difference in the drinking test results was found between younger and older subjects in achalasia or control group. Also, no differences were observed between patients with Chagas’ disease and those with idiopathic achalasia, or between patients with increased and normal esophageal diameter. CONCLUSION: Patients with achalasia have difficulty in ingesting water, taking a longer time to complete the task, which is influenced by sex but not by age or severity of the disease.

Laboratory tests on sorption and transformation of the insecticide flubendiamide in Japanese tea field soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 443 ◽  
pp. 904-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susen Hartung ◽  
Masahide Iwasaki ◽  
Naoto Ogawa ◽  
Robert Kreuzig
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Tea Field

scholarly journals Production of sourdough and gluten-free bread with brown rice and carioca and cowpea beans flours: biochemical, nutritional and structural characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. e303101623992
Author(s):  
Juliana Dara Rabêlo Silva ◽  
Guilherme Caldeira Rosa ◽  
Nathália de Andrade Neves ◽  
Maria Gabriela Vernaza Leoro ◽  
Marcio Schmiele
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Instrumental Texture

The gluten-free alternative flours and the application of natural fermentation in the breads production are promising technologies to improving sensory, structural and nutritional properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability and quality of gluten-free breads made with sour dough from wholegrain rice flours (BR and BRY), carioca beans (BP and BPY) and cowpea (BV and BVY). The sour doughs were prepared without and with the addition of biological yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) represented by the letter “Y”. The breads made from these doughs were subjected to the analysis of: pH, titratable total acidity, color, water activity, moisture, image analysis, specific volume, instrumental texture, proximate composition and energy value. The results indicated higher ash, protein and dietary fiber content in BP and BV flours. At the end of fermentation, the BR and BRY masses showed greater acidity. The doughs made with beans showed greater expansion volumes. Lower volume, firmness and hardness were verified for BBRY bread and the opposite was verified for BVB bread. The BBV, BBVY, BBP and BBPY breads had higher ash, protein and dietary fiber contents and lower digestible carbohydrate content. BPB and BVB breads showed higher protein digestibility and the opposite was observed for BBRY (70.60%), BPBY (81.09%) and BVBY (80.89%). The use of bean flour in the preparation of breads resulted in products rich in dietary fiber and proteins, especially carioca beans.

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