scholarly journals Evaluation of Food Lures for Capture and Monitoring of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Temperate Fruit Trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. da Rosa ◽  
C. J. Arioli ◽  
J. P. dos Santos ◽  
A. C. Menezes-Netto ◽  
M. Botton
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Food Lures

scholarly journals Toxicity and residual effects of toxic baits with spinosyns on the South American fruit fly

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inana Xavier Schutze ◽  
Cléber Antonio Baronio ◽  
Morgana Mattiello Baldin ◽  
Alci Enimar Loek ◽  
Marcos Botton
Keyword(s):  
Residual Effect ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
South American ◽  
Sugarcane Molasses ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
The One ◽  
Food Lures ◽  
South American Fruit Fly

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the lethal concentration and lethal time (LC and LT) of spinosad and spinetoram, combined with different food lures, and their residual effects on South American fruit fly (Anastrepha fraterculus). The toxic baits were offered in eight concentrations (2, 6, 14, 35, 84, 204, 495, and 1,200 mg L-1), combined with the following food lures: 7% sugarcane molasses, 3% Biofruit, 1.5% CeraTrap, 1.25% Flyral, 3% Samaritá Bait, and 3% Samaritá Tradicional; diluted food lures in water were used as controls. The residual effect of the formulations at 96 mg L-1 concentration were evaluated for 21 days and were compared with that of the commercial bait Success 0.02 CB. Both insecticides were toxic to adults of A. fraterculus, and mortality varied with the food lure used. The LC50and LT50ranged from 15.19 to 318.86 mg L-1and from 11.43 to 85.93 hours, respectively. Spinosad was 2 to 36 times as toxic as spinetoram when combined with different hydrolyzed proteins. Toxic baits formulated with spinosad and spinetoram (96 mg L-1) caused mortality equivalent to the one by Success 0.02 CB (90.2%), when assessed on the day of application. Toxic baits formulated with 3% Biofruit + spinosad and 3% Samaritá Bait + spinetoram are effective for managingA. fraterculusand provide up to seven days of residual effect in the absence of rain; however, only Success 0.02 CB caused more than 80% mortality for up to 21 days.

scholarly journals Native parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Serra da Bodoquena National Park-MS, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Brasil Martins de Almeida ◽  
João Batista Coelho ◽  
Jorge Anderson Guimarães ◽  
Manoel Araecio Uchoa
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Native Parasitoids ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
First Time

Abstract: Fruit flies are among the main groups of phytophagous insects. Their larvae, when feeding on the pulp or seeds of the host fruits, can cause rot and favor the entrance of pathogens. Thus, the objectives of this study was: (1) To know the trophic associations between species of parasitoids and fruit flies in the Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena (PNSB)-MS, Brazil. (2) To inventory the parasitoid species associated with fruit flies in fruit trees in the Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena. Monthly expeditions were carried out (From Jan 2017 to Feb 2018) in order to collect the fruits and obtain the fruit flies (Tephritidae) and their respective parasitoids. The collected fruits were transported to the laboratory of frugivorous insects (LIF) of the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD)-MS. The fruit fly larvae were daily collected and placed in transparent acrylic cups containing sterilized sand, where they remained till the emergence of adults and their parasitoids. Twenty-Three adult Tephritid parasitoids were recovered, represented by two species of Braconidae: Doryctobracon areolatus (18) and Utetes anastrephae (5), both infesting Anastrepha species: Anastrepha fraterculus, A. sororcula and A. striata in Myrtaceae: Psidium guajava and Eugenia myrcianthes. Doryctobracon areolatus and Utetes anastrephae are reported for the first time parasiting Anastrepha species in Eugenia myrcianthes.

scholarly journals Parasitoides associated with Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in native fruits:first record of Aganaspis nordlanderi (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) in the state of Santa Catarina

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaína Pereira dos Santos ◽  
Jorge Anderson Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
First Record ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
The State ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus

Abstract With the objective of studying the entomofauna of microhymenoptera parasitoids associated with A. fraterculus, we collected fruits from native fruit trees in Caçador, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. We evaluated fruit from Eugenia involucrata, E. uniflora, Campomanesia xanthocarpa, Psidium cattleyanum (red and yellow), and Rubus sp. For each fruit tree species, we collected 40 fruits from five plants, for a total of 200 fruits per species. The fruits were maintained in plastic boxes containing sterilized sand to obtain puparia, which subsequently, were maintained in cages until the emergence of flies and/or parasitoids. In the fruits collected, we encountered puparia of A. fraterculus, from which emerged Aganaspis nordlanderi, A. pelleranoi (Figitidae: Eucoilinae), Doryctobracon brasiliensis and D. areolatus (Braconidae: Opiinae). This is the first record of the species A. nordlanderi in the State of Santa Catarina. This study also represents the first record of A. fraterculus as host of A. nordlanderi.

A history of some fruit models in wax and other materials: scientific teaching aids and courtly table decorations

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-JüRgen Lechtreck
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Scientific Teaching ◽  
Glass Marble ◽  
History Of ◽  
By Products ◽  
Wax Models

Two early nineteenth century texts treating the production and use of wax models of fruit reveal the history of these objects in the context of courtly decoration. Both sources emphasise the models' decorative qualities and their suitability for display, properties which were not simply by-products of the realism that the use of wax allowed. Thus, such models were not regarded merely as visual aids for educational purposes. The artists who created them sought to entice collectors of art and natural history objects, as well as teachers and scientists. Wax models of fruits are known to have been collected and displayed as early as the seventeenth century, although only one such collection is extant. Before the early nineteenth century models of fruits made from wax or other materials (glass, marble, faience) were considered worthy of display because contemporaries attached great importance to mastery of the cultivation and grafting of fruit trees. This skill could only be demonstrated by actually showing the fruits themselves. Therefore, wax models made before the early nineteenth century may also be regarded as attempts to preserve natural products beyond the point of decay.

Prediction of root damaging during mechanical shaking of fruit trees

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Z. Láng
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
List Type ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Simple Tree ◽  
The Given ◽  
Cherry Trees

The possible effect of shaker harvest on root damage of 10-year-old cherry trees was studied on a simple tree structure model. The model was composed of elastic trunk and rigid main roots, the ends of which were connected to the surrounding soil via springs and dumping elements. Equations were set up to be able to calculate the relation between shaking height on the trunk and strain in the roots. To get the data for root break and their elongation at different shaking heights on the trunk, laboratory and field experiments were carried out on cherry trees and on their roots. Having evaluated the measured and calculated data it could be concluded that root damage is to be expected even at 3.6% strain and the risk of it increases with increased trunk amplitudes, i.e.with the decrease of shaking heightat smaller stem diameters (i.e. in younger plantation), andif the unbalanced mass of the shaker machine is too large for the given tree size.

Peculiarities of the phytosanitary state of pome fruits in industrial horticulture

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
V. V. Antonenko ◽  
A. V. Zubkov ◽  
S. N. Kruchina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Data were obtained on the basis of the results of research carried out on the territory of the educational and experimental farm of the Timiryazev State Agrarian University, in Moscow during 2018-2019. As a result of the surveys, the most dangerous diseases and pests of pome crops on the territory of this farm were established. The most resistant apple and pear varieties to major diseases have been identified. Peculiarities of development of alternariosis on pear are described, the harmfulness of the disease on pear and apple seedlings is noted. A possible role in the transfer of alternariosis infection from garden-protective plantations and weed vegetation to fruit trees was noted. A possible role has been established in the transport of septoriosis, powdery dew infection from dicotyledonous weeds plants. The peculiarities of the spread of infection under the influence of wind direction are noted. The results and peculiarities of the application of various methods of scaring birds in the orchard are presented. As a result of route surveys the most harmful weed plants have been identified. The possibility of using herbicides of different mechanism of action in fruit gardens for weed control has been studied. High efficiency and relative safety of application of herbicides of contact action in nursery fields, operational orchards and for control of piglets on fruit trees are shown. Recommendations are given for the use of soil and systemic herbicides of soil in seedlings beds, the first and second fields of the nursery, as well as in the process of production of large-scale planting material and operational orchards of fruit crops. The safety of the herbicides in question is established when used in accordance with the recommended methods of use.

Essai d'application de modèles météorologiques au calcul du moment d'apparition de deux phases phénologiques | Application of Meteorological Models for the Calculation of the Beginning of Two Phenological Phases

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (10) ◽  
pp. 385-397
Author(s):  
Bernard Primault
Keyword(s):  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Winter Solstice ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
Thermal Thresholds ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Models ◽  
Phenological Phases

Many years ago, a model was elaborated to calculate the«beginning of the vegetation's period», based on temperatures only (7 days with +5 °C temperature or more). The results were correlated with phenological data: the beginning of shoots with regard to spruce and larch. The results were not satisfying, therefore, the value of the two parameters of the first model were modified without changing the second one. The result, however, was again not satisfying. Research then focused on the influence of cumulated temperatures over thermal thresholds. Nevertheless, the results were still not satisfying. The blossoming of fruit trees is influenced by the mean temperature of a given period before the winter solstice. Based on this knowledge, the study evaluated whether forest trees could also be influenced by temperature or sunshine duration of a given period in the rear autumn. The investigation was carried through from the first of January on as well as from the date of snow melt of the following year. In agricultural meteorology, the temperature sums are often interrelated with the sunshine duration, precipitation or both. However,the results were disappointing. All these calculations were made for three stations situated between 570 and 1560 m above sea-level. This allowed to draw curves of variation of the two first parameters (number of days and temperature) separately for each species observed. It was finally possible to specify the thus determined curves with data of three other stations situated between the first ones. This allows to calculate the flushing of the two tree species, if direct phenological observation is lacking. This method, however, is only applicable for the northern part of the Swiss Alps.

Bacterial canker of stone-fruit trees in California

Hilgardia ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward E. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Bacterial Canker
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