Combination Phenyl Propionate/Pheromone Traps for Monitoring Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Almonds in the Vicinity of Mating Disruption

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Burks
Keyword(s):  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Navel Orangeworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Disruption of Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Using Aerosol Dispensers

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1290-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S Burks ◽  
Donald R Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Navel Orangeworm ◽  
Factors Affecting

Abstract Mating disruption is used to help manage the navel orangeworm on approximately 200,000 ha of tree nut crops. Aerosol dispensers are the most common formulation, and all formulations use an incomplete pheromone blend consisting solely of (Z11,Z13)-hexadecadienal. Profile analysis (examination of capture and males in pheromone traps as a function of spatial density of dispensers) demonstrated a sharp drop of males captured with a very low density of dispensers, and then an approximately linear relationship between 90 and approaching 100% suppression. This near-linear portion of the profile includes both dispenser densities in which crop protection has been demonstrated, and densities in which it is unlikely. Suppression of males in pheromone traps was lost the next night after dispensers were removed, suggesting that the active ingredient was not persistent in the orchard environment. During most of the summer preharvest period, turning the dispensers off 1 or 2 h before the end of the predawn period of sexual activity provides the same amount of suppression of sexual communication as emission throughout the period of sexual activity. This suggests that encountering the pheromone from the mating disruption dispensers had a persistent effect on males. During the autumn postharvest period, only emission prior to midnight suppressed communication on nights on which the temperature fell below 19°C by midnight. These findings and the analysis will help manufacturers refine their offerings for mating disruption for this important California pest, and buyers of mating disruption to assess cost-effectiveness of competing offerings.

scholarly journals Traps and Attractants for Monitoring Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the Presence of Mating Disruption

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1270-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S Burks ◽  
Bradley S Higbee ◽  
John J Beck
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Amyelois Transitella ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Navel Orangeworm ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Monitoring Traps

Abstract The use of aerosol mating disruption for management of the navel orangeworm Amyelois transitella (Walker) in California tree nuts has increased markedly. This treatment suppresses pheromone monitoring traps in neighboring orchards as well as in the orchard under treatment. The current study, therefore, addresses the interrelated topics of which attractant is most effective, how the number of adults captured is affected by trap design, and what sex is captured. Under most circumstances, wing traps baited with phenyl propionate (PPO) captured more adults than those baited with a 5-compound kairomone blend. Adding a pheromone lure along with the dispenser for the experimental attractant increased the number of adults captured with PPO both in and near-mating disruption. In contrast, addition of a pheromone lure along with the kairomone blend only increased the number of adults captured in orchards near but not under mating disruption. Delta traps, which are preferred by the industry, captured fewer adults than wing traps. Improvements in the number of adults captured with PPO in delta traps from addition of a pheromone lure and from design modifications were additive. Both sexes were captured by all attractants and trap designs tested, and the sex ratio was highly variable. Open traps like the wing trap captured a slightly higher proportion of males than closed traps. These findings are discussed in the context of management of the navel orangeworm.

scholarly journals Evaluating Response of Mass-Reared and Irradiated Navel Orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), to Crude Female Pheromone Extract

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Joshua Reger ◽  
Jacob Wenger ◽  
Gurreet Brar ◽  
Charles Burks ◽  
Houston Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Amyelois Transitella ◽  
Navel Orangeworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

The navel orangeworm, Amyleois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a key pest of almonds and pistachios in California. Larvae directly feed on nuts, reducing quality and yield, and adults can introduce fungi that produce aflatoxins. The development of sterile insect technique (SIT) is currently being explored as a management tool for this pest. Large quantities of A. transitella are mass-reared, irradiated, and shipped to California from a USDA APHIS facility in Phoenix, AZ. Preliminary field releases of sterile A. transitella from this facility resulted in poor recovery of males in pheromone traps, raising concerns that mass-reared male A. transitella may not be responding to pheromone from virgin females. In this study, a wind tunnel was used to evaluate the response of both irradiated and non-irradiated mass-reared A. transitella males to crude pheromone extract from females, and their performance was compared to two strains of locally reared non-irradiated A. transitella. While initial responses associated with pheromone detection where similar between mass-reared and locally reared moths, a lower proportion of the mass-reared moths ultimately made contact with the pheromone source. Surprisingly, the addition of irradiation did not further decrease their performance. While mass-reared moths respond to pheromone, their ability to locate and make contact with the pheromone source appears to be impeded. The underlying mechanism remains unclear, but is likely related to damage incurred during the mass-rearing and shipping process.

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