Partial Cold Treatment of Citrus Fruit for Export Risk Mitigation forThaumatotibia leucotreta(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) as Part of a Systems Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1578-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Moore ◽  
W. Kirkman ◽  
S. Albertyn ◽  
C. N. Love ◽  
J. A. Coetzee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Citrus Fruit

An Improved Systems Approach as a Phytosanitary Measure for Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Export Citrus Fruit From South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 700-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughan Hattingh ◽  
Sean Moore ◽  
Wayne Kirkman ◽  
Mat Goddard ◽  
Sean Thackeray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Sampling Inspection ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Phytosanitary Measure ◽  
Thaumatotibia Leucotreta ◽  
Parameter Values

Abstract A systems approach was previously developed for mitigating phytosanitary risk of Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) in citrus fruit exported from South Africa, as an alternative to a standalone cold disinfestation treatment. The present study first tested the original systems approach by applying it on a semicommercial scale in 10 Nova mandarin orchards. Fruit were inspected at points in the production, packing, and simulated shipping process, to assess performance of the systems approach. Additional data were obtained from 17 Valencia orange orchards and six packinghouses. In the second part of this study, the systems approach was accordingly revised and improved, consisting of three measures: 1) preharvest controls and measurements and postpicking sampling, inspection, and packinghouse procedures; 2) postpacking sampling and inspection; and 3) shipping conditions. The model quantifying the effectiveness of the systems approach was improved by correcting errors in the original version, updating parameter values and adding a component that provides for comparison with the risk mitigation provided by a standalone disinfestation treatment. Consequently, the maximum potential proportion of fruit that may be infested with live T. leucotreta after application of the improved systems approach is no greater than the proportion of fruit that may be infested after application of a Probit 9 efficacy postharvest disinfestation treatment to fruit with a 2% pretreatment infestation. The probability of a mating pair surviving is also determined. The model enables a priori determination of the required threshold levels for any of the three measures, based on quantification of the other two measures.

scholarly journals Needed: A systems approach to improve flood risk mitigation through private precautionary measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 100080
Author(s):  
M.H. Barendrecht ◽  
N. Sairam ◽  
L. Cumiskey ◽  
A.D. Metin ◽  
F. Holz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Precautionary Measures

scholarly journals Infrared detection of codling moth larvae in apples

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
R.T. Wilkinson ◽  
L.E. Jamieson ◽  
A.J. Hawthorne ◽  
D.E. Hartnett ◽  
N.E.M. Page-Weir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Infrared Detection ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Infrared Wavelengths

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a key pest of apples exported from New Zealand and is dif cult to control at levels required to ensure quarantine security demanded by many countries. Market access for New Zealand apples into countries with strict codling-moth quarantine regulations currently relies on methyl bromide fumigation combined with cold treatment (e.g. Japan) or the use of a rigorous systems approach (e.g. Taiwan). Detection of codling moth in apples would enable the very few apples in the packhouse with codling moth to be graded out. In this study, a commercially available Compac Spectrim grading system was used to determine if codling moth entry holes could be detected. This system provides high-clarity images through enhanced lighting and optics, as well as using various infrared wavelengths to target different defects and machine-learning algorithms to differentiate defects. Apples infested with first- or third-instar codling moth larvae were processed through the Spectrim machine. The system successfully identi ed 100% of apples infested with rst- instar larvae and 96% of apples infested with third-instar larvae. Additionally, damage caused by the two life stages was able to be differentiated.

Carbon Dioxide Fumigation to Shorten Cold Disinfestation Treatments for Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Citrus Fruit

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim G Grout ◽  
Kim C Stoltz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Thaumatotibia Leucotreta ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Abstract Although elevated levels of carbon dioxide have been used in controlled atmosphere treatments with low oxygen levels for a number of deciduous crops, the use of much higher concentrations of carbon dioxide followed by a short cold treatment for citrus was only suggested as a viable option for disinfestation in 2005. Carbon dioxide alone, for a period of 24 h at concentrations up to 70% in air caused variable levels of mortality of Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) larvae in citrus, but never completely controlled this pest. The susceptibility to carbon dioxide appeared to vary more with the batch of T. leucotreta eggs than with different citrus cultivars. By following CO2 fumigation with a short cold treatment, complete control of this pest was achieved and the results with sequential treatments were more consistent. The efficacy of the combined treatment was reduced when it took ≥12 h to move fruit after fumigation into a cold room at 2°C, or if the temperature was not reduced below 12°C within 24 h after fumigation. In these cases, the benefit of the short cold treatment was lost and mortality was similar to CO2 fumigation alone. These results hold promise for the development of a shorter commercial treatment to meet quarantine restrictions against this pest in citrus.

SIMULATION OF COLD TREATMENT DURING A CARGO SHIPMENT OF CITRUS FRUIT

2015 ◽  
pp. 1685-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Tauriello ◽  
Giovanni Carlo Di Renzo ◽  
Giuseppe Altieri ◽  
Maria Concetta Strano ◽  
Francesco Genovese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Citrus Fruit

scholarly journals HOLDING LEMON FRUIT AT 5 OR 15C BEFORE COLD TREATMENT REDUCES CHILLING INJURY

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1174c-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie G. Houck ◽  
Joel F. Jenner ◽  
Jan Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lemon Fruit ◽  
Actual Temperature ◽  
Arizona Desert ◽  
Fly Control

An approved quarantine treatment for Tephritid fruit fly control of citrus fruit requires fruit be held at 0.0-2.2C for 10-22 days, depending on fruit fly species involved and actual temperature attained. However, this treatment causes chilling injury (CI) in California-Arizona desert lemons harvested in late summer or early autumn. We found that temperatures at which lemons are held before cold treatment affects the susceptibility of lemon fruit to CI. Commercially packed lemons obtained from Yuma, AZ packinghouses in Sept.-Nov. 1987 and 1988 were held at 1C for 3 or 6 weeks, or cured for one week at 5, 15 or 30C, or at 15C for one week, followed by 30C for one week, before receiving the 1C cold treatment. Lemons cured one week at 5 or 15C before the cold treatment developed at least 25-30% less CI during 4 weeks peat treatment storage at 10C than noncured fruit. The other curing treatments were not as effective for reducing CI.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document