scholarly journals Effect of Cyantraniliprole on Probing Behavior of the Potato Psyllid (Hemiptera: Triozidae) as Measured by the Electrical Penetration Graph Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 2529-2535 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mustafa ◽  
J. M. Alvarez ◽  
J. E. Munyaneza
Keyword(s):  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Probing Behavior ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph Technique

scholarly journals Quercetin and Rutin as Modifiers of Aphid Probing Behavior

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3622
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Stec ◽  
Bożena Kordan ◽  
Beata Gabryś
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Probing Behavior ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
Plant Herbivore ◽  
Rutin And Quercetin

Rutin and its aglycone quercetin occur in the fruits, leaves, seeds, and grains of many plant species and are involved in plant herbivore interactions. We studied the effect of the exogenous application of rutin and quercetin on the probing behavior (= stylet penetration activities in plant tissues) of Acyrthosiphon pisum on Pisum sativum, Myzus persicae on Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis, and Rhopalosiphum padi on Avena sativa using the electrical penetration graph technique (EPG = electropenetrography). The reaction of aphids to quercetin and rutin and the potency of the effect depended on aphid species, the flavonol, and flavonol concentration. Quercetin promoted probing activities of A. pisum within non-phloem and phloem tissues, which was demonstrated in the longer duration of probes and a trend toward longer duration of sap ingestion, respectively. M. persicae reached phloem in a shorter time on quercetin-treated B. rapa than on the control. Rutin caused a delay in reaching sieve elements by A. pisum and deterred probing activities of M. persicae within non-phloem tissues. Probing of R. padi was not affected by quercetin or rutin. The potency of behavioral effects increased as the applied concentrations of flavonols increased. The prospects of using quercetin and rutin in plant protection are discussed.

scholarly journals Probing behavior of the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis on susceptible and resistant maize hybrids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Carpane ◽  
María Inés Catalano
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Dalbulus Maidis ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Probing Behavior ◽  
Corn Stunt ◽  
Corn Leafhopper ◽  
Old Females ◽  
Mesophyll Resistance

The corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis is the main vector of the pathogens that cause corn stunt, a major disease of maize in the Americas. As host resistance is an efficient tool to control diseases, the findings of a previous report showed that some corn hybrids are resistant to D . maidis . In this work, we assessed the probing behavior of D . maidis on susceptible and resistant corn hybrids using EPG (Electrical Penetration Graph) technology. Fifteen-day-old females were monitored for 20 hours, with access to hybrids DK390, DK670, DK79-10, and DK72-10. Hybrids DK390 and DK72-10 showed resistance to D . maidis in phloem, since insects feeding on these hybrids presented more salivation events in phloem without subsequent ingestion, which are seen as failed attempts to ingest. A reduction of the total duration of phloem ingestion was observed, and accordingly of the time spent by insects with access to these hybrids on xylem ingestion. The hybrid DK390 also had mesophyll resistance, seen as less probing time and a higher number of probes of short duration. These findings support and are consistent with previous research, providing useful information to characterize maize hybrids resistant to D . maidis , and so to corn stunt.

scholarly journals Drench Application of Systemic Insecticides Disrupts Probing Behavior of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and Inoculation of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Carmo-Sousa ◽  
Rafael Brandão Garcia ◽  
Nelson Arno Wulff ◽  
Alberto Fereres ◽  
Marcelo Pedreira Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Systemic Insecticides ◽  
Probing Behavior ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Inoculation Access Period ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus

Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is a phloem-limited bacterium that is associated with the Huanglongbing (HLB) disease of citrus and transmitted by the psyllid, Diaphorina citri. There are no curative methods to control HLB and the prevention of new infections is essential for HLB management. Therefore, the objective of our study was to determine the effects of systemic insecticides, such as the neonicotinoids imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and a mixture of thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole (diamide) on the probing behavior of CLas-infected D. citri and their effect on CLas transmission. The electrical penetration graph (EPG-DC) technique was used to monitor the stylet penetration activities of CLas-infected D. citri on sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] ‘Valencia’ treated with systemic insecticides. Systemic insecticides disrupted the probing behavior of CLas-infected D. citri, in a way that affected CLas transmission efficiency, particularly by negatively affecting the stylet activities related to the phloem phase. All insecticides reduced (by 57–73%) the proportion of psyllids that exhibited sustainable phloem ingestion (waveform E2 > 10 min), with significant differences observed on plants treated with thiamethoxam and thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole. The transmission rate of CLas with high inoculum pressure (five CLas-infected D. citri per plant and a seven-day inoculation access period) to untreated control plants was 93%. In contrast, CLas transmission was reduced to 38.8% when test plants were protected by systemic insecticides. Our results indicated that all insecticides tested presented a potential to reduce CLas inoculation by an average of 59%; therefore, these insecticides can be used to reduce the spread of HLB.

scholarly journals Effect of Soy Leaf Flavonoids on Pea Aphid Probing Behavior

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Stec ◽  
Bożena Kordan ◽  
Beata Gabryś
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Probing Behavior ◽  
Epg Technique ◽  
Glycine Max L

Flavonoids detected in soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae) cause various alterations in the metabolism, behavior, and development of insect herbivores. The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) poses potential threat to soybeans, but the effect of individual flavonoids on its feeding-associated behavior is relatively unknown. We monitored probing behavior (stylet penetration activities) of A. pisum on its preferred host plant, Pisum sativum L. untreated (control) and treated with 0.1% ethanolic solutions of flavonoids apigenin, daidzein, genistein, and kaempferol. We applied the electrical penetration graph (electropenetrography, EPG) technique, which visualizes the movements of aphid stylets within plant tissues. None of the applied flavonoids affected the propensity to probe the plants by A. pisum. However, apigenin enhanced the duration of probes in non-phloem tissues, which caused an increase in the frequency and duration of stylet mechanics derailment and xylem sap ingestion but limited the ingestion of phloem sap. Daidzein caused a delay in reaching phloem vessels and limited sap ingestion. Kaempferol caused a reduction in the frequency and duration of the phloem phase. Genistein did not affect aphid probing behavior. Our findings provide information for selective breeding programs of resistant plant cultivars to A. pisum.

Electrical penetration graph technique as a tool to monitor the early stages of aphid resistance to insecticides

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Garzo ◽  
Aranzazu Moreno ◽  
Sara Hernando ◽  
Vera Mariño ◽  
María Torne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph Technique

scholarly journals Effect of Naringenin and Its Derivatives on the Probing Behavior of Myzus persicae (Sulz.)

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3185
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Stec ◽  
Joanna Kozłowska ◽  
Anna Wróblewska-Kurdyk ◽  
Bożena Kordan ◽  
Mirosław Anioł ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Insect Behavior ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Probing Behavior ◽  
Epg Technique ◽  
Oxime Derivatives

Substances that alter insect behavior have attracted a lot of attention as potential crop protection agents. Naringenin (5,7,4′-trihydroxyflavanone) is a naturally occurring bioactive flavanone. We evaluated the influence of naringenin on aphid activities during individual phases of probing and feeding and the effect of structural modifications of naringenin on its activity towards aphids. We monitored the probing behavior of Myzus persicae (Sulz.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) using the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique. The chemical modifications were the substitution of hydrogen atoms with methyl, ethyl or pentyl groups and the replacement of the carbonyl group in naringenin and its derivatives with an oxime moiety. Depending on the substituents, the activity of naringenin-derived compounds varied in potency and mode of action. Naringenin was an attractant of moderate activity, which enhanced sap ingestion. The naringenin derivative with two methyl groups—7,4′-di-O-methylnaringenin—was a deterrent, which hindered aphid probing in non-phloem tissues. Naringenin oxime derivatives with methyl substituents—7,4′-di-O-methylnaringenin oxime, 7-O-methylnaringenin oxime, and 5,7,4′-tri-O-methylnaringenin oxime—and the derivative with a pentyl substituent—7-O-pentylnaringenin oxime—were strong attractants which stimulated aphid probing in non-phloem tissues and the ingestion of phloem sap.

scholarly journals Novel Hydroxy- and Epoxy-cis-Jasmone and Dihydrojasmone Derivatives Affect the Foraging Activity of the Peach Potato Aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena Paprocka ◽  
Anna Gliszczyńska ◽  
Katarzyna Dancewicz ◽  
Beata Gabryś
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Probing Behavior ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Aphid Control ◽  
Plant Acceptance ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid

Jasmonates show great potential in sustainable agriculture due to their various roles in natural mechanisms of plant defense, and because they are non-toxic, non-mutagenic, and easily metabolized. The aim of the study was to explore structure–activity relationships of dihydrojasmone, cis-jasmone, and their derivatives at the plant–aphid interface. We focused on the behavioral responses of aphids, following the exogenous application of natural jasmonates and their derivatives to the host plants. Aphid probing behavior was examined using an electrical penetration graph technique (EPG). The chemoenzymatic transformation of cis-jasmone and the activity of two new derivatives are described. The application of cis-jasmone, dihydrojasmone, the hydroxyderivatives, epoxyderivatives, and alkyl-substituted δ-lactones hindered the foraging activity of Myzus persicae (Sulz.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) during early stages of probing at the level of non-phloem tissues. The application of saturated bicyclic epoxy-δ-lactone enhanced plant acceptance by M. persicae. Jasmonate derivatives containing a hydroxy group, especially in correlation with a lactone ring, were more active than natural compounds and other derivatives studied. Jasmonates of the present study are worth considering as elements of sustainable aphid control as components of the “push–pull” strategy.

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