scholarly journals Assessing Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Foraging Populations and the Potential Impact of Pesticides on Eight U.S. Crops

2015 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 2141-2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryann T. Frazier ◽  
Chris A. Mullin ◽  
Jim L. Frazier ◽  
Sara A. Ashcraft ◽  
Tim W. Leslie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Impact Of Pesticides

scholarly journals Photosynthesis Inhibiting Effects of Pesticides on Sweet Pepper Leaves

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Miguel Giménez–Moolhuyzen ◽  
Jan van der Blom ◽  
Pilar Lorenzo–Mínguez ◽  
Tomás Cabello ◽  
Eduardo Crisol–Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Sustained Reduction ◽  
Pepper Leaves ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Of Pesticides

Although a large number of pesticides of different compositions are regularly used in agriculture, the impact of pesticides on the physiology of field crops is not well understood. Pesticides can produce negative effects on crop physiology―especially on photosynthesis―leading to a potential decrease in both the growth and the yield of crops. To investigate these potential effects in greenhouse sweet peppers, the effect of 20 insecticides and 2 fungicides (each sprayed with a wetting agent) on the photosynthesis of sweet pepper leaves was analyzed. Among these pesticides, nine caused significant reductions in photosynthetic activity. The effects were observed in distinctive ways—either as a transitory drop of the photosynthetic-rate values, which was observed at two hours after the treatment and was found to have recovered after 24 h, or as a sustained reduction of these values, which remained substantial over a number of days. The results of this study suggest that the production of a crop may substantially benefit when the frequent use of pesticides can be substituted with alternative pest control methods (e.g., biological control). Our results advocate further investigation of the potential impact of pesticides, either alone or in combination, on the photosynthesis of crop plants.

An exposure study to assess the potential impact of fipronil in treated sunflower seeds on honey bee colony losses in Spain

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1320-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Bernal ◽  
Raquel Martin-Hernandez ◽  
Juan C Diego ◽  
María J Nozal ◽  
Amelia V Gozalez-Porto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Colony Losses ◽  
Exposure Study ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Honey Bee Colony ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Honey Bee Colony Losses

scholarly journals Using a sentinel colony of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to assess pesticides and food sources.

2021 ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Martin Geria Reines ◽  
Natacha Chacoff ◽  
Alexis Sosa ◽  
Alberto Galindo-Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Of Pesticides

Honey bee populations are declining as occurs with other pollinators. One suggested cause of this decline is the impact of pesticides. To improve bees’ health, pesticides and food sources may be monitored using sentinel hives, given that bees forage in a 2.5 km radius around the hive. We extracted 20 (twenty) bees, as well as samples of wax, honey and pollen from a sentinel hive. Six pesticides were detected in the samples, except for the honey. All detected pesticides in the sentinel hive are pro- hibited in Argentina. Eight different plant families and genera were detected in the honey and pollen samples. Our work suggests that monitoring pesticides with sentinel beehives will be useful to improve agricultural practices in the region.

Effects of Gender, Parental Role, and Time on Infant- and Adult-Directed Read and Spontaneous Speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 4001-4014
Author(s):  
Melanie Weirich ◽  
Adrian Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
First Year ◽  
Space Size ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Description Task

Purpose The study sets out to investigate inter- and intraspeaker variation in German infant-directed speech (IDS) and considers the potential impact that the factors gender, parental involvement, and speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech) may have. In addition, we analyze data from 3 time points prior to and after the birth of the child to examine potential changes in the features of IDS and, particularly also, of adult-directed speech (ADS). Here, the gender identity of a speaker is considered as an additional factor. Method IDS and ADS data from 34 participants (15 mothers, 19 fathers) is gathered by means of a reading and a picture description task. For IDS, 2 recordings were made when the baby was approximately 6 and 9 months old, respectively. For ADS, an additional recording was made before the baby was born. Phonetic analyses comprise mean fundamental frequency (f0), variation in f0, the 1st 2 formants measured in /i: ɛ a u:/, and the vowel space size. Moreover, social and behavioral data were gathered regarding parental involvement and gender identity. Results German IDS is characterized by an increase in mean f0, a larger variation in f0, vowel- and formant-specific differences, and a larger acoustic vowel space. No effect of gender or parental involvement was found. Also, the phonetic features of IDS were found in both spontaneous and read speech. Regarding ADS, changes in vowel space size in some of the fathers and in mean f0 in mothers were found. Conclusion Phonetic features of German IDS are robust with respect to the factors gender, parental involvement, speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech), and time. Some phonetic features of ADS changed within the child's first year depending on gender and parental involvement/gender identity. Thus, further research on IDS needs to address also potential changes in ADS.

Exploring the Potential Impact of Sentence-Level Comprehension and Sentence-Level Fluency on Deaf Students' Passage Comprehension

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2281-2292
Author(s):  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Xinchun Wu ◽  
Hongjun Chen ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Ruibo Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Deaf Students ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This exploratory study aimed to investigate the potential impact of sentence-level comprehension and sentence-level fluency on passage comprehension of deaf students in elementary school. Method A total of 159 deaf students, 65 students ( M age = 13.46 years) in Grades 3 and 4 and 94 students ( M age = 14.95 years) in Grades 5 and 6, were assessed for nonverbal intelligence, vocabulary knowledge, sentence-level comprehension, sentence-level fluency, and passage comprehension. Group differences were examined using t tests, whereas the predictive and mediating mechanisms were examined using regression modeling. Results The regression analyses showed that the effect of sentence-level comprehension on passage comprehension was not significant, whereas sentence-level fluency was an independent predictor in Grades 3–4. Sentence-level comprehension and fluency contributed significant variance to passage comprehension in Grades 5–6. Sentence-level fluency fully mediated the influence of sentence-level comprehension on passage comprehension in Grades 3–4, playing a partial mediating role in Grades 5–6. Conclusions The relative contributions of sentence-level comprehension and fluency to deaf students' passage comprehension varied, and sentence-level fluency mediated the relationship between sentence-level comprehension and passage comprehension.

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