scholarly journals Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and its Potential Impact to Wine Grapes During Harvest in Two Cool Climate Wine Grape Production Regions

2015 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 1148-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ioriatti ◽  
V. Walton ◽  
D. Dalton ◽  
G. Anfora ◽  
A. Grassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wine Grape ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Cool Climate

Monitoring of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Okanagan Valley vineyards, British Columbia, Canada, and assessment of damage to table and wine grapes (Vitaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-431
Author(s):  
Susanna Acheampong ◽  
Etienne Lord ◽  
D. Thomas Lowery
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Soft Fruit ◽  
Grape Cultivars ◽  
Okanagan Valley

AbstractSpotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), has become a serious pest of soft fruit in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada since its detection in 2009. The study was conducted to determine the distribution of D. suzukii and damage levels in grapes. Apple cider vinegar-baited traps placed in table and wine grape (Vitis vinifera Linnaeus; Vitaceae) vineyards during 2011–2013 demonstrated that D. suzukii was numerous in all sites, with earliest emergence and highest numbers recorded in 2013. Drosophila suzukii were reared from intact and damaged table grapes and damaged wine grapes collected from the field, but not from intact wine grapes. Drosophila suzukii were reared in low numbers in 2011 from intact fruit of 11 wine grape cultivars exposed artificially in the laboratory. Susceptibility of intact wine grapes under laboratory conditions in 2011 when sour rot was widespread might relate in part to undetected infections of berries due to weather conditions. Identification of Drosophila Fallén species revealed that D. suzukii comprised a small portion of the total. Our results demonstrate that healthy wine grapes in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia are largely undamaged by D. suzukii, while certain table grape cultivars should be protected from attack.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Exclusion Netting for Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Management in Minnesota Wine Grapes

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2287-2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique N Ebbenga ◽  
Eric C Burkness ◽  
William D Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), an economically damaging invasive species of numerous fruit crops, was first detected in Minnesota in 2012. High fecundity, and short generation times facilitated a rapid rise in the global pest status of D. suzukii, particularly in North America and Europe. To date, the majority of crop injury research has focused on fruit crops such as blueberries, raspberries, and cherries. However, little is known regarding the impact of D. suzukii on the wine grape industry in the upper Midwest region of the United States. Field trials were conducted in Minnesota during the summers of 2017–2018 to examine season-long phenology of D. suzukii in wine grape vineyards and wineries, and to assess the efficacy of exclusion netting for control of D. suzukii. Four treatments were evaluated, 1) open plot check (control), 2) open plot treated with an insecticide, 3) exclusion netting, and 4) exclusion netting, with artificial infestations of D. suzukii adults. Exclusion netting was applied at véraison and removed at harvest. On each sample date, 20 berries (10 intact and 10 injured) were collected from each plot for dissection. The number of larvae and adults were recorded for each berry to determine infestation levels. As shown by mean larval infestations and injured berries across treatments, exclusion netting provided a significant reduction in the level of D. suzukii infested berries when compared with the untreated check. These results indicate that exclusion netting could provide an effective alternative management strategy for D. suzukii in wine grapes.

scholarly journals Utilizing Pruning and Leaf Removal to Optimize Ripening of Vitis riparia-Based ‘Frontenac Gris’ and ‘Marquette’ Wine Grapes in the Northern Great Plains

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Aipperspach ◽  
James Hammond ◽  
Harlene Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Production Region

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of three pruning levels (20, 30 and 40 nodes per vine) and three fruit-zone leaf removal levels (0%, 50%, and 100%) on the yield and fruit quality of Frontenac gris and Marquette wine grapes in a northern production region. The study was conducted at three North Dakota vineyards located near Buffalo, Clifford, and Wahpeton, North Dakota, in 2011 and 2012. Increasing the number of buds retained increased yields and reduced pruning weights in both cultivars. Frontenac gris and Marquette yields were greatest when vines had 50% of the fruit-zone leaves removed due to heavier clusters, suggesting that the 100% fruit-zone leaf removal level was too severe. Individual berries in clusters were also heavier when vines were pruned to retain 40 buds. Frontenac gris fruit quality was similar both years and was not influenced by pruning or leaf removal levels. Marquette fruit total soluble solids content was greater in 2012 due to the warmer and longer growing season. Marquette fruit titratable acidity was lower when 100% of the fruit-zone leaves were removed. These results suggest that for the two cold-hardy hybrid wine grapes used in this study, greater bud retention levels should be investigated. Results also warrant further research into cultivar adaptiveness to northern Great Plains conditions. With further research, it is anticipated that wine grape cultivars and management practices will be identified to produce acceptable yields and fruit quality for commercial wine grape production.

Wine Grape (Vitis vinifera) Response to Fall Exposure of Simulated Drift from Selected Herbicides

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. Bhatti ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib ◽  
Robert Parker
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Cane Weight ◽  
Fall Application

‘Lemberger’ wine grape response to fall application of selected herbicides applied at simulated drift rates was studied in 1992 and 1993. Chlorsulfuron, thifensulfuron, 2,4-D, glyphosate, bromoxynil, and 2,4-D plus glyphosate were applied at 1/100, 1/33, 1/10, and 1/3 of a selected maximum rate for use in wheat or fallow. All herbicides, except bromoxynil and thifensufluron, caused symptoms on grapevines at the highest rate during the spring following fall application. The most severe symptoms were caused by 2,4-D and 2,4-D plus glyphosate, whereas the least symptoms were caused by chlorsulfuron and glyphosate. The severity of symptoms increased and shoot growth, leaf area, internode length, and dry cane weight decreased as the rates of 2,4-D and 2,4-D plus glyphosate increased. Chlorsulfuron and glyphosate reduced the growth of grapevines only when applied at the highest rate during the fall. The data show that exposure of wine grapes to 2,4-D or 2,4-D plus glyphosate during the fall can adversely affect the growth of grapevines the following spring.

scholarly journals 582 Maintenance of Fruiting Potential through the Winter for Merlot Grapevines Grown in Southwestern Michigan

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 496E-497
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Zabadal ◽  
Thomas Dittmer
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Market Opportunity ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Cool Climate

Producing the cold-tender wine grape Merlot is a major challenge in the cool-climate viticultural region of southwestern Michigan. Merlot grapes produced in this region provide a strong market opportunity; therefore, several strategies for preserving the fruiting potential of vines through the winter were evaluated over 5 years. Vines were managed with frequent trunk renewal so that they were pliable and capable of being laid near the ground. One treatment was (A) a control. Three treatments involved pruning vines in the late fall to two to four canes, which were then (B) laid on the ground without any cover, (C) attached to a wire near the ground and covered with straw, or (D) attached to a wire near the ground and covered with 20 cm of soil. The fifth treatment (E) involved arching unpruned vines to place canes near the ground but without any covering. Pruning was completed in spring, and vines were tied using fan training. Vines were adjusted to a maximum of 40 live nodes per vine. Winter minimum temperatures averaged 1, 8 and 16 °C warmer than the air temperature at 1.5 m above ground when measured at 0.3 m above ground (B and E), under the straw mulch (C), and under the soil (D), respectively. Very low ambient air temperatures of –27 and –28 °C were experienced in two of the winter periods. C, D, and E consistently provided greater node survival through the winter than control vines. B was inconsistent in performance. The lowest annual yields for A through E for the 5-year period were 3.1, 0.7, 8.3, 6.7, and 9.0 tons per hectare, respectively. These data indicate that treatments C, D, and E were capable of reliable annual production of Merlot grapes even in years with episodes of low winter temperatures. Projects are under way to develop commercial capability for the vine burial and mulching techniques used in this study.

Economic Feasibility of Wine Grape Production in the Arid US: A Northwest Nevada Example

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kynda R. Curtis ◽  
Carol D. Bishop ◽  
Thomas R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Farm Crop

AbstractAs competition for water resources increases and water availability in arid regions declines, agricultural producers are encouraged to adopt water-conserving strategies. This study examines the economic feasibility of implementing wine grapes in northwest Nevada as a diversification and water conservation strategy. Results show profit potential when vitis interspecific wine grape varieties are produced in the region. Net returns based upon point estimates from two separate analyses show per-acre net returns at $1,065 and $3,022, respectively. However, the large variation in potential net returns shown in the risk analysis, combined with a high capital investment cost of more than $17,000 per acre, may preclude producers from exercising their option to adopt wine grape production. Also, including wine grapes in the on-farm crop portfolio will affect its risk and return characteristics, likely impacting producer preferred level of wine grape adoption. (JEL Classification: Q11, Q15, Q25, Q54)

The Evaluation of Wine Rating Based on the Statistical Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 6579-6582
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Xuan ◽  
Yong Xia Shi ◽  
Na Ren
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This paper for wine evaluation, through processing the two sets of data collected, analyses the results of the two wine sommelier evaluation whether there are significant differences, and determines the critic credibility of the results of the two sommelier wine critic credibility. Then, on the basis of sommelier wine critic results of the two groups, through statistical analysis for the physical and chemical indicators of wine grapes, we get a major physical and chemical indicators that influence wine grape quality, and then wine grapes are be graded.

scholarly journals Pruning affects the vegetative balance of the wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Antonio Serrano-Cely ◽  
Fabio Emilio Forero-Ulloa ◽  
Johana Arango ◽  
Ángela Milena Puerto
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Grape Varieties

The cultivation of grapes for the production of wine at altitudes between 2,200 and 2,600 masl started in the department of Boyacá in 1982. Quality wines are produced by the Ain Karim Vineyard in Ricaurte High. It is necessary to have wine grapes that possess suitable organoleptic compounds at harvest in order to guarantee quality grape must that can be converted into wine. For this, it is necessary to have a suitable ratio between the inflows and the outflows and to guarantee production, quality and vegetative sustainability over time, conserving the equilibrium and benefiting the productive potential of the vineyard. This study aimed to evaluate the productive and vegetative balance effect in the wine grape varieties (Vitis vinífera L.) Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc in Sutamarchán-Boyacá, considering different pruning types (short, long, and mixed). A bifactorial, completely random statistical design was used. At the time of harvest, the fruit production and pruned wood were evaluated. The long-pruned vines presented the best behavior and the most balanced inflow/outflow ratio, while Sauvignon Blanc demonstrated a better productive yield. Meanwhile, the short and mixed prunings presented the better values for the ravaz index, indicating that they are more suitable for the conditions of the region, allowing for sustainability during the productive cycles of the wine grapes.

scholarly journals Nitrate and potassium concentration in fertigated soil cultivated with wine vines

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexsandro Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Davi José Silva ◽  
Luis Henrique Bassoi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Primary Means

ABSTRACT In the semiarid region of Brazil the use of irrigation systems for applying fertilizers in horticulture is the primary means for incorporating nutrients in the soil. However, this technique still requires its use in wine vines to be assessed. In view of this, this study aimed to assess nitrate and potassium concentrations in soil fertigated with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in 3 wine grape growing cycles. A field experiment was conducted with 'Syrah' wine grapes, in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil; it assessed five nitrogen doses (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) and five K2O doses (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) applied by drip irrigation system with two emitters per plant, with a flow rate of 4 L h-1. The experimental design used was the factorial split-plot, making up 13 combinations arranged in 4 randomized blocks. Soil solution samples were collected weekly with the aid of porous cup extractors for all treatments and at depths of 0.4 and 0.6 m by determining nitrate and potassium concentrations and electrical conductivity. Increased levels of both nutrients in the irrigation water increased the availability of nitrate and potassium in the soil solution. The highest nitrate and potassium concentrations were found in the second growing cycle at both depths studied.

Diversity, Pathogenicity, and Fungicide Sensitivity of Fungal Species Associated with Late-Season Rots of Wine Grape in the Mid-Atlantic United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott David Cosseboom ◽  
Mengjun Hu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Late-season bunch rots cause major losses in grape production every year in the Mid-Atlantic United States, but the causal agents are not well characterized. In this study, 265 fungal isolates were collected from rotten grapes from 2014 to 2020 and identified to the genus level according to ITS sequences. The most prevalent of the 15 genera were Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Pestalotiopsis, and Neopestalotiopsis. Of these, isolates within three prevalent, yet understudied genera were identified to be Aspergillus uvarum, Alternaria alternata, and Neopestalotiopsis rosae. The pathogenicity of these three fungal species was evaluated in two field trials by artificially inoculating wounded and non-wounded grapes of four cultivars at the phenological stages of bloom, veraison, and pre-harvest. Upon ripening, fruit were weighed and assessed for severity of multiple diseases. On non-wounded fruit, A. uvarum caused significantly higher disease severity than the control in both seasons. On wounded fruit, each inocula caused significantly higher disease than the respective controls in the first season, but only A. uvarum and B. cinerea caused this in the second season. Also, wounding was found to have a detrimental effect on cluster weight, which was significantly influenced by inoculation timing and cultivar. Lastly, A. uvarum and N. rosae were tested for sensitivity to azoxystrobin, boscalid, and difenoconazole. The A. uvarum isolates were found to be more sensitive to boscalid and difenoconazole in general, with varying sensitivity to azoxystrobin. N. rosae isolates were resistant to boscalid and azoxystrobin but displayed much higher sensitivity to difenoconazole. Evidence from the isolate collection and field trials demonstrates that A. uvarum could be a significant pathogen of wine grapes in the Mid-Atlantic. Results from this study will be useful for the identification and management of the understudied Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Neopestalotiopsis fruit rots of wine grapes.

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