Use of Monoclonal Antibodies in an ELISA for Detecting an Invasive Pest Insect, Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Zhao ◽  
H. W. Shang ◽  
W. Guo ◽  
D. Xu ◽  
T. Y. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Liriomyza Trifolii ◽  
Pest Insect

scholarly journals RNA Interference of Genes Encoding the Vacuolar-ATPase in Liriomyza trifolii

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Ya-Wen Chang ◽  
Yu-Cheng Wang ◽  
Xiao-Xiang Zhang ◽  
Junaid Iqbal ◽  
Yu-Zhou Du
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Vacuolar Atpase ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Liriomyza Trifolii ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Genes Encoding

The leafminer fly, Liriomyza trifolii, is an invasive pest of vegetable and horticultural crops in China. In this study, a microinjection method based on dsRNA was developed for RNA interference (RNAi) in L. trifolii using genes encoding vacuolar-ATPase (V-ATPase). Expression analysis indicated that V-ATPase B and V-ATPase D were more highly expressed in L. trifolii adults than in larvae or pupae. Microinjection experiments with dsV-ATPase B and dsV-ATPase D were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of RNAi in L. trifolii adults. Expression analysis indicated that microinjection with 100 ng dsV-ATPase B or dsV-ATPase led to a significant reduction in V-ATPase transcripts as compared to that of the dsGFP control (dsRNA specific to green fluorescent protein). Furthermore, lower dsRNA concentrations were also effective in reducing the expression of target genes when delivered by microinjection. Mortality was significantly higher in dsV-ATPase B- and dsV-ATPase D-treated insects than in controls injected with dsGFP. The successful deployment of RNAi in L. trifolii will facilitate functional analyses of vital genes in this economically-important pest and may ultimately result in new control strategies.

scholarly journals Organization of the Structural Protein Region of La Jolla Virus Isolated from the Invasive Pest Insect Drosophila suzukii

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Tessa Carrau ◽  
Benjamin Lamp ◽  
Carina M. Reuscher ◽  
Andreas Vilcinsksas ◽  
Kwang-Zin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Capsid Proteins ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Pest Insect ◽  
Peptide Mass ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
La Jolla

Drosophila suzukii (Ds) is an invasive pest insect that infests ripening fruit, causing severe economic losses. Control measures based on chemical pesticides are inefficient and undesirable, so biological alternatives have been considered, including native Ds viruses. We previously isolated a strain of La Jolla virus (LJV-Ds-OS20) from Ds in Germany as a candidate biopesticide. Here we characterized the new strain in detail, focusing on the processing of its capsid proteins. We tested LJV growth during Ds development to optimize virus production, and established a laboratory production system using adult flies. This system was suitable for the preparation of virions for detailed analysis. The LJV-Ds-OS20 isolate was cloned by limiting dilution and the complete nucleotide sequence was determined as a basis for protein analysis. The terminal segments of the virus genome were completed by RACE-PCR. LJV virions were also purified by CsCl gradient centrifugation and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and electron microscopy. The capsid proteins of purified LJV virions were resolved by two-dimensional SDS-PAGE for N-terminal sequencing and peptide mass fingerprinting. The N-terminal sequences of VP1 and VP2, together with MS data representing several capsid proteins, allowed us to develop a model for the organization of the LJV structural protein region. This may facilitate the development of new viral strains as biopesticides.

Characterization of three heat shock protein 70 genes from Liriomyza trifolii and expression during thermal stress and insect development

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-W. Chang ◽  
X.-X. Zhang ◽  
J.-Y. Chen ◽  
M.-X. Lu ◽  
W.-R. Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Liriomyza Trifolii ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Insect Development ◽  
Development Stages

AbstractHeat shock proteins (HSPs) participate in diverse physiological processes in insects, and HSP70 is one of the most highly conserved proteins in the HSP family. In this study, full-length cDNAs of three HSP70 genes (Lthsc70, Lthsp701, and Lthsp702) were cloned and characterized from Liriomyza trifolii, an important invasive pest of vegetable crops and horticultural crops worldwide. These three HSP70s exhibited signature sequences and motifs that are typical of the HSP70 family. The expression patterns of the three Lthsp70s during temperature stress and in different insect development stages were studied by real-time quantitative PCR. Lthsp701 was strongly induced by high- and low-temperature stress, but Lthsc70 and Lthsp702 were not very sensitive to temperature changes. All three Lthsp70s were expressed during insect development stages, but the expression patterns were quite different. The expression of Lthsc70 and Lthsp702 showed significant differences in expression during leafminer development; Lthsc70 was most highly expressed in female adults, whereas Lthsp702 was abundantly expressed in larvae and prepupae. Lthsp701 expression was not significantly different among leafminer stages. These results suggest that functional differentiation within the LtHSP70 subfamily has occurred in response to thermal stress and insect development.

Corythucha ciliata (sycamore lace bug).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernie Dominiak ◽  
Peter Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Plane Tree ◽  
Pest Insect ◽  
Lace Bug ◽  
The World ◽  
Sycamore Lace Bug

Abstract C. ciliata, the sycamore lace bug, is a highly invasive pest insect of plane (sycamore) trees (Platanus sp.). It is likely that its spread is facilitated by human activity, particularly vehicles along major transport routes. Maceljski (1986) states that these insects are "good fliers", but most authors (e.g. Wade, 1917) suggest that their delicate wings make them weak fliers and that human activity is more likely to lead to the spread of this species. The occurrence of plane tree hosts will limit the distribution of C. ciliata, but as these trees are widely planted throughout the world in streets and parks as ornamental shade trees, there is considerable scope for their further advance.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis reveals gene expression differences in Liriomyza trifolii exposed to combined heat and abamectin exposure

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12064
Author(s):  
Yu-Cheng Wang ◽  
Ya-Wen Chang ◽  
Yu-Zhou Du
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Liriomyza Trifolii ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Multiple Species

Liriomyza trifolii is an invasive pest of horticultural and vegetable crops that possesses robust competitive advantages that enable it to replace closely-related species. High temperatures often occur concomitantly with insecticide usage during L. trifolii outbreaks. In this study, we compared the transcriptomes of L. trifolii exposed to high temperature (40 °C T40), insecticide (LC50 of technical grade abamectin, I50) and combined high temperature and abamectin exposure (IT5040, I50 followed by T40; and TI4050, T40 followed by I50). RNA-seq generated and revealed 44,633 unigenes with annotation data; these were compared with COG and KEGG databases for functional classification and enrichment analysis. Compared with the I50 treatment, COG classification indicated that ‘post-translational modification, protein turnover, chaperones’ was enriched in the IT5040 treatment. In the TI4050 treatment, ‘carbohydrate transport and metabolism’ was the most abundant group. The most enriched KEGG pathways in the TI4050 and IT5040 treatments were ‘longevity regulating pathway - multiple species’ and ‘protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum’, respectively. Subsequent annotation and enrichment analyses indicated that stress-related genes such as CYP450s and HSPs were differentially expressed in the I50 vs. TI4050 or I50 vs. IT5040 treatment groups. Three commercial insecticide formulations were also used to further verify the expression of selected differentially-expressed genes. This study will be conductive to consider the temperature effect on insecticide tolerance in L. trifolii, and provides a framework for improving the application efficiency of insecticides in hot weather, which will ultimately reduce the overuse of pesticides.

Ultrastructural analysis of unique glycoconjugates in the rat olfactory system

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 890-891
Author(s):  
James E. Crandall ◽  
Linda C. Hassinger ◽  
Gerald A. Schwarting
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Olfactory Bulbs ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Patterns ◽  
Carbohydrate Epitopes ◽  
Olfactory Systems ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Cell Surface Glycoconjugates

Cell surface glycoconjugates are considered to play important roles in cell-cell interactions in the developing central nervous system. We have previously described a group of monoclonal antibodies that recognize defined carbohydrate epitopes and reveal unique temporal and spatial patterns of immunoreactivity in the developing main and accessory olfactory systems in rats. Antibody CC2 reacts with complex α-galactosyl and α-fucosyl glycoproteins and glycolipids. Antibody CC1 reacts with terminal N-acetyl galactosamine residues of globoside-like glycolipids. Antibody 1B2 reacts with β-galactosyl glycolipids and glycoproteins. Our light microscopic data suggest that these antigens may be located on the surfaces of axons of the vomeronasal and olfactory nerves as well as on some of their target neurons in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs.

Structural and Chemical Studies of Pathological Fibers in Human Neurofibrillary Degeneration

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 726-729
Author(s):  
K.S. Kosik ◽  
L.K. Duffy ◽  
S. Bakalis ◽  
C. Abraham ◽  
D.J. Selkoe
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangles ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Neuritic Plaque ◽  
Protein Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Studies

The major structural lesions of the human brain during aging and in Alzheimer disease (AD) are the neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and the senile (neuritic) plaque. Although these fibrous alterations have been recognized by light microscopists for almost a century, detailed biochemical and morphological analysis of the lesions has been undertaken only recently. Because the intraneuronal deposits in the NFT and the plaque neurites and the extraneuronal amyloid cores of the plaques have a filamentous ultrastructure, the neuronal cytoskeleton has played a prominent role in most pathogenetic hypotheses.The approach of our laboratory toward elucidating the origin of plaques and tangles in AD has been two-fold: the use of analytical protein chemistry to purify and then characterize the pathological fibers comprising the tangles and plaques, and the use of certain monoclonal antibodies to neuronal cytoskeletal proteins that, despite high specificity, cross-react with NFT and thus implicate epitopes of these proteins as constituents of the tangles.

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