Elucidating Efficacy of Ingested Positively Charged Zein Nanoparticles Against Noctuidae

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2739-2744
Author(s):  
Colin A R Bonser ◽  
Xuan Chen ◽  
Carlos E Astete ◽  
Cristina M Sabliov ◽  
Jeffrey A Davis
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Velvetbean Caterpillar ◽  
Soybean Looper ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Positively Charged ◽  
Chrysodeixis Includens ◽  
Meridic Diet

Abstract A meridic diet overlay bioassay using empty, positively charged zein nanoparticles ((+)ZNP) was performed on soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens (Walker)), tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens (F.)), and velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Assessment of effects on mortality and development weights 7 d after ingestion of (+)ZNP were evaluated on larvae of each species. Treatments involved different concentrations, with H. virescens and A. gemmatalis offered 0 and 3,800 ppm (+)ZNP, whereas C. includens colonies were offered 0, 630, 1,260, and 2,520 ppm (+)ZNP. Mortality of A. gemmatalis and C. includens increased after ingestion of the highest (+)ZNP concentrations, while H. virescens neonate mortality was unaffected. Neonate and third-instar weights of A. gemmatalis and C. includens, and neonate H. virescens, decreased with high (+)ZNP concentrations. Following mortality results from A. gemmatalis neonates, a concentration response test was performed using a range of (+)ZNP concentrations. The LC50 for A. gemmatalis was 1,478 ppm. The potential of (+)ZNP as a pest management tactic is discussed.

Multicellular Rearing Methods for the Beet Armyworm, Soybean Looper, and Velvetbean Caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Velvetbean Caterpillar ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Heliothis Spp ◽  
Rearing Methods ◽  
Soybean Looper ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Methods used for rearing Heliothis spp. larvae in a multicellular container were modified for rearing beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), soybean looper (SBL), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and velvetbean caterpillar (VBC), Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner). Polyester-cotton cloth used for Heliothis oviposition was unsatisfactory for BAW, SBL, and VBC. A polyester-cotton cloth with a dimpled surface was discovered which was suitable for all three species. Beet armyworm eggs were removed from the oviposition cloth and disinfected with sodium hypochlorite. This procedure could not be used for SBL or VBC as it resulted in significant reduction in egg hatch. New methods were developed for placing BAW, SBL, and VBC eggs into a multicellular container. A separator and high volume blower used to harvest Heliothis pupae was also used to harvest BAW and VBC pupae. SBL pupae, because of webbing spun by the larvae prior to pupation, could not be harvested in this manner. A pupal harvest method was developed for SBL. A phosphoric-propionic acid mix incorporated into the larval diet controlled contaminants. These procedures have been used since 1986 at Stoneville and more than ¾ million pupae and 100 million eggs were reared in 1987 and 1988.

Field-evolved resistance to chitin synthesis inhibitor insecticides by soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Brazil

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 127499
Author(s):  
Regis F. Stacke ◽  
Daniela N. Godoy ◽  
Venicius E. Pretto ◽  
Fábio M. Führ ◽  
Patricia da S. Gubiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chitin Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Soybean Looper ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Chrysodeixis Includens

Side-effects caused by chlorpyrifos in the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 127530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Plata-Rueda ◽  
Carlos Henrique Martins de Menezes ◽  
Weslei dos Santos Cunha ◽  
Thaiany Moreira Alvarenga ◽  
Bruno Franklin Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Velvetbean Caterpillar ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals Ecdysteroidogenesis in Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Recombinant Prothoracicotropic Hormone and Brain Extract Show Comparable Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Nardiello ◽  
Rosanna Salvia ◽  
Andrea Scala ◽  
Carmen Scieuzo ◽  
Sabino Aurelio Bufo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Prothoracic Gland ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Brain Extract ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Prothoracicotropic Hormone ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) is a neuropeptide that triggers a cascade of events within the prothoracic gland (PG) cells, leading to the activation of all the crucial enzymes involved in ecdysone biosynthesis, the main insect steroid hormone. Studies concerning ecdysteroidogenesis predicted PTTH action using brain extract (BE), consisting in a complex mixture in which some components positively or negatively interfere with PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis. Consequently, the integration of these opposing factors in steroidogenic tissues leads to a complex secretory pattern. A recombinant form of prothoracicotropic hormone (rPTTH) from the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was expressed and purified to perform in vitro tests in a standard and repeatable manner. A characterization of rPTTH primary and secondary structures was performed. The ability of rPTTH and H. virescens BE to stimulate ecdysteroidogenesis was investigated on the third day of fifth larval stage. rPTTH activity was compared with the BE mixture by enzyme immunoassay and western blot, revealing that they equally stimulate the production of significant amount of ecdysone, through a transduction cascade that includes the TOR pathway, by the phosphorylation of 4E binding protein (4E-BP) and S6 kinase (S6K), the main targets of TOR protein. The results of these experiments suggest the importance of obtaining a functional pure hormone to perform further studies, not depending on the crude brain extract, composed by different elements and susceptible to different uncontrollable variables.

Movement of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus into Velvetbean Caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larval Populations on Soybean by Nabis roseipennis (Heteroptera: Nabidae) Nymphs

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Young ◽  
W. C. Yearian
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Velvetbean Caterpillar ◽  
Nabis Roseipennis ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Mixed Age ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Nabis roseipennis Reuter nymphs that preyed on larvae of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) infected velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner), excreted the virus (AgNPV) for several days thereafter. Based on bioassays, fifth instar and second instar nymphs excreted 84.7 × 105 and 9.7 × 105 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per nymph, respectively. The AgNPV-contaminated nymphs effectively disseminated the virus via the feces over soybean plants where it served as inoculum to initiate disease in larval populations of A. gemmatalis caged in the field. Larval mortality from AgNPV ranged from 11.4 to 48.5% over treatments in two tests. Larval mortality in treatments where the source of virus inoculum was AgNPV-contaminated fifth instar nymphs was similar to that in treatments where the source of viral inoculum was diseased larvae. Larval mortality resulting from AgNPV dissemination by the nymphs was usually higher in treatments containing fifth instar nymphs than in those with second instar nymphs. Dissemination of NPV by fifth instar nymphs was higher in mixed-age than in uniformed-age A. gemmatalis larval populations. This was not the case with the smaller second instar nymphs.

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