Low Doses of a Neonicotinoid Stimulate Reproduction in a Beneficial Predatory Insect

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2179-2186
Author(s):  
R R Rix ◽  
G C Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Life History Traits ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Predatory Insect ◽  
Major Reduction ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Biological stimulation induced by low doses of toxicants or other stressors is known as hormesis. Hormetic stimulation of life history traits in insect pests can negatively impact agriculture, but stimulation of beneficial insects could be leveraged to enhance biological control agents. We examined whether low doses of imidacloprid could enhance oviposition, fecundity, fertility, and survival in the beneficial stink bug predator, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), exposed at different life stages and across two generations. When treated as young adults, P. maculiventris fecundity was stimulated at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/liter imidacloprid (<2% of the field rate) without changes in time to oviposition, fertility, and survival. Nymphs exposed to 0.015 mg/liter imidacloprid (<1% of the field rate) also had stimulated reproduction without effects on oviposition, fertility, and survival, but treatment of nymphs at 0.15 and 1.5 mg/liter imidacloprid stimulated fecundity at the expense of fertility and survival. In another experiment we found reproductive stimulation can occur trans-generationally without major reduction in fertility or survival. Our results suggest biocontrol producers may be able to strategically apply low doses of stress to natural enemies during culturing without compromising fitness in subsequent generations.

Survey of the reproductive development of field-caught Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-409
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Frewin ◽  
Kevin Scaife ◽  
Hannah Fraser ◽  
Cynthia D. Scott-Dupree
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
History Of

AbstractHalyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), also known as the brown marmorated stink bug, is an invasive agricultural and nuisance pest. Knowledge of the life history of insect pests is important for informing pest management activities. Some North American populations of H. halys have two generations per year, and it is suspected that H. halys may have a partial second generation in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada. We determined the number of H. halys generations in Ontario by examining the reproductive development of field-caught adult females. The pattern of reproductive development we observed supports the conclusion that H. halys complete one generation per year in the Niagara Region of Ontario. Reproductively active H. halys were captured as early as May and continued until early September, and the peak of reproductively active individuals occurred between 250 and 550 degree days calculated with a sine-wave function and a lower threshold set to 14.17 °C.

Inhibition of the development of pulmonary tumour nodules and stimulation of the activity of NK cells and macrophages in mice by single low doses of low-LET radiation

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cheda ◽  
J. Wrembel-Wargocka ◽  
E. Lisiak ◽  
M. Marciniak ◽  
E. Nowosielska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Influence of the constituents of Izatison, DMSO and PEG400, on the growth and the grain productivity of the oat cultivar Nezlamny during two generations after the seed treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
V. A. Katsan ◽  
A.I. Potopalsky ◽  
B.O. Zadorozhnii
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Stimulation Of

Aim. The investigation of the influence of the constituents of Izatison, DMSO and PEG400, on the oat growth and its grain productivity during 2 generations after the seed treatment became the aim of this study for the elucidation of mechanism of Izatison stimulant influence. Methods. The broad scale of the concentrations of the solvents composition in the proportion, to be as in Izatison, was used. The plants were grown in the field. The growth processes were evaluated by the stem height on the tubing stage. The grain productivity was characterized by the panicle length, the grains number in the panicle and of theirs weight. Results. The dependence of influence of the solvents composition on the stem growth from its concentration was detected in the first generation. In some variants the negative influence was revealed on the grains number in the panicle and on theirs weight. The stimulation of the growth regardless from the solvents concentration was observed in the second generation and the more pronounced negative effect on the grain productivity. Conclusions. The solvents DMSO and PEG400 are able to influence on the oat growth and its productivity, and that effect was manifested also in 2 generation after the seed treatment. Keywords: Izatison, DMSO, PEG400, oat growth and grain productivity.

scholarly journals An ontogenic study of receptor mechanisms by which acute administration of low-doses of methamphetamine suppresses DOI-induced 5-HT2A-receptor mediated head-twitch response in mice

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yina Sun ◽  
Seetha Chebolu ◽  
Denise Henry ◽  
Sandeep Lankireddy ◽  
Nissar A. Darmani
Keyword(s):  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Head Twitch ◽  
Twitch Response ◽  
Way 100635 ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
Head Twitch Response ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Background Methamphetamine (MA) is a non-selective monoamine releaser and thus releases serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) from corresponding nerve terminals into synapses. DOI ((±)-2, 5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine) is a direct-acting serotonergic 5-HT2A/C receptor agonist and induces the head-twitch response (HTR) via stimulation of 5-HT2A receptor in mice. While more selective serotonin releasers such as d-fenfluramine evoke the HTR, monoamine reuptake blockers (e.g., cocaine) suppress the DOI-evoked HTR via indirect stimulation of serotonergic 5-HT1A- and adrenergic ɑ2-receptors. Since the induction of HTR by DOI is age-dependent, we investigated whether: (1) during development MA can evoke the HTR by itself, and (2) acute pretreatment with either the selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist EMD 281014 or low-doses of MA can: (i) modulate the DOI-induced HTR in mice across postnatal days 20, 30 and 60, and (ii) alter the DOI-induced c-fos expression in mice prefrontal cortex (PFC). To further explore the possible modulatory effect of MA on DOI-induced HTR, we investigated whether blockade of inhibitory serotonergic 5-HT1A- or adrenergic ɑ2-receptors by corresponding selective antagonists (WAY 100635 or RS 79948, respectively), can prevent the effect of MA on DOI-induced HTR during aging. Results Although neither EMD 281014 nor MA by themselves could evoke the HTR, acute pretreatment with either EMD 281014 (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) or MA (1, 2.5, 5 mg/kg, i.p.), dose-dependently suppressed the DOI-induced HTR across ages. While WAY 100635 significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of MA in 20- and 30-day old mice, RS 79948 failed to significantly counter MA’s inhibitory effect. Moreover, DOI significantly increased c-fos expressions in several PFC regions. EMD 281014 prevented the DOI-induced increases in c-fos expression. Despite the inhibitory effect of MA on DOI-induced HTR, MA alone or in combination with DOI, significantly increased c-fos expression in several regions of the PFC. Conclusion The suppressive effect of MA on the DOI-evoked HTR appears to be mainly due to functional interactions between the HTR-inducing 5-HT2A receptor and the inhibitory 5-HT1A receptor. The MA-induced increase in c-fos expression in different PFC regions may be due to MA-evoked increases in synaptic concentrations of 5-HT, NE and/or DA.

Releases of biological control agents of insect pests on Easter Island (Pacific Ocean)

Entomophaga ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 427-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Ripa ◽  
P. S. Rojas ◽  
G. Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Easter Island ◽  
Biological Control Agents

Marking Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Life Stages and Products with Low Doses of Rubidium Injected or Implanted into Pin Oak

1990 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 2343-2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Fleischer ◽  
F. W. Ravlin ◽  
D. Delorme ◽  
R. J. Stipes ◽  
M. L. McManus
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Life Stages

scholarly journals A morphological, biological and molecular approach reveals four cryptic species of Trissolcus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), egg parasitoids of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera)

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 153-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Tortorici ◽  
Elijah J. Talamas ◽  
Silvia T. Moraglio ◽  
Marco G. Pansa ◽  
Maryam Asadi-Farfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
The Subject

Accurate identification of parasitoids is crucial for biological control of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomrpha halys (Stål). A recent work by Talamas et al. (2017) revised the Palearctic fauna of Trissolcus Ashmead, egg-parasitoids of stink bugs, and treated numerous species as junior synonyms of T. semistriatus (Nees von Esenbeck). In the present paper, we provide a detailed taxonomic history and treatment of T. semistriatus and the species treated as its synonyms by Talamas et al. (2017) based on examination of primary types, molecular analyses and mating experiments. Trissolcus semistriatus, T. belenus (Walker), T. colemani (Crawford), and T. manteroi (Kieffer) are here recognized as valid and a key to species is provided. The identification tools provided here will facilitate the use of Trissolcus wasps as biological control agents and as the subject of ecological studies.

Sperm-induced local [Ca2+]i rise separated from the Ca2+ wave in sea urchin eggs in the presence of a gamete fusion inhibitor, jaspisin

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mohri ◽  
S. Miyazaki ◽  
H. Shirakawa ◽  
S. Ikegami
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Fusion Inhibitor ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Inward Current ◽  
Egg Membrane ◽  
Hemicentrotus Pulcherrimus ◽  
Stimulation Of

An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) at a focal plane was recorded simultaneously with sperm-egg binding and membrane current upon insemination of sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus eggs. No change in current and [Ca2+]i occurred in the presence of jaspisin, a novel substance that inhibits metallo-endoproteinase and sperm-egg membrane fusion (S. Ikegami, H. Kobayashi, Y. Myotoishi, S. Ohta and K. H. Kato (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 23262–23267). With low doses of jaspisin, a spermatozoon first produced a step inward current (I(on)) as an indication of gamete membrane fusion and then induced a local [Ca2+]i rise at the site of sperm attachment 6–10 seconds after I(on). The sperm, however, soon detached from the egg. Increasing inward current was abruptly cut off (I(off)) within 9–15 seconds and the local [Ca2+]i rise began to decline 1–3 seconds after I(off). In most cases, no further responses or an elevation of fertilization envelope (FE) occurred. In some cases, [Ca2+]i at the sperm attachment site increased again even after the sperm detached and triggered a Ca2+ wave which caused an activation current and FE formation. This recording of a gamete membrane-fusion-induced local [Ca2+]i rise, separated from the Ca2+ wave, is a key phenomenon for elucidating the initial sperm stimulation of the egg at fertilization.

scholarly journals Patterns of Genome-Wide Variation, Population Differentiation and SNP Discovery of the Red Banded Stink Bug (Piezodorus guildinii)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I. Zucchi ◽  
Erick M. G. Cordeiro ◽  
Clint Allen ◽  
Mariana Novello ◽  
João Paulo Gomes Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Mixed Ancestry ◽  
Significant Genetic Structure

Abstract Unravelling the details of range expansion and ecological dominance shifts of insect pests has been challenging due to the lack of basic knowledge about population structure, gene flow, and most importantly, how natural selection is affecting the adaptive process. Piezodous guildinii is an emerging pest of soybean in the southern region of the United States, and increasingly important in Brazil in recent years. However, the reasons P. guildinii is gradually becoming more of a problem are questions still mostly unanswered. Here, we have genotyped P. guildinii samples and discovered 1,337 loci containing 4,083 variant sites SNPs that were used to estimate genetic structure and to identify gene candidates under natural selection. Our results revealed the existence of a significant genetic structure separating populations according to their broad geographic origin, i.e., U.S. and Brazil, supported by AMOVA (FGT = 0.26), STRUCTURE, PCA, and FST analyses. High levels of gene flow or coancestry within groups (i.e., within countries) can be inferred from the data, and no spatial pattern was apparent at the finer scale in Brazil. Samples from different seasons show more heterogeneous compositions suggesting mixed ancestry and a more complex dynamic. Lastly, we were able to detect and successfully annotated 123 GBS loci (10.5%) under positive selection. The gene ontology (GO) analysis implicated candidate genes under selection with genome reorganization, neuropeptides, and energy mobilization. We discuss how these findings could be related to recent outbreaks and suggest how new efforts directed to better understand P. guildinii population dynamics.

scholarly journals Biology, Ecology, and Management of Erthesina fullo (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): A Review

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Mi ◽  
Jinping Zhang ◽  
Elaine Gould ◽  
Juhong Chen ◽  
Zhitan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
High Dispersal

The yellow spotted stink bug (YSSB), Erthesina fullo Thunberg, is one of the most widely distributed phytophagous insect pests in Asia. YSSB is highly polyphagous and in China it feeds on over 57 host plants in 29 families, including some economically important fruit crops such as kiwifruit, pear, peach, apple, and pomegranate. With a primarily r-selected life history strategy, reproductive diapause, aggregation behavior, wide host range, high dispersal capacity, and close association with human-modified ecosystems, YSSB is a potentially invasive species that poses significant biosecurity threats to other countries outside its native range. This review summarizes basic and applied knowledge on the biology, ecology, and management of YSSB in China, with specific emphasis on its life history, host range, damage and impacts on economically important horticulture crops, and integrated pest management (IPM) approaches. The insights from the Chinese literature on this pest will help the countries outside its native range to conduct appropriate biosecurity risk assessments, develop a sound surveillance program, and develop an emergency response plan before its invasion of new geographic areas.

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