Effects of Temperature on the Development and Fecundity of Atractomorpha Sinensis (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2530-2539
Author(s):  
Wen-bo Li ◽  
Yu Gao ◽  
Juan Cui ◽  
Shu-Sen Shi
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Threshold Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Over the recent years, Atractomorpha sinensis I. Bolivar, has emerged as an important agricultural pest in China. However, the biological characteristics of A. sinensis remain largely unknown, which can hinder the prediction of its population dynamics. Thus, understanding the impact of temperature on the developmental period of A. sinensis is crucial to predict its population dynamics. The biological characteristics of A. sinensis were systematically observed at five different temperatures (16, 20, 24, 28, and 32°C) using the age-stage, two-sex life table method. The results demonstrated that the developmental period, preadult time, adult longevity, adult preoviposition period, and total preoviposition period were significantly reduced when the temperature was elevated from 16 to 32°C. The developmental threshold temperatures of egg, nymph, preoviposition period, female adult, male adult, and generation were 9.14, 10.44, 12.53, 10.97, 12.47, and 10.58°C, respectively, with the corresponding effective accumulated temperatures of 452.31, 575.99, 169.58, 528.13, 340.81, and 1447.95 degree-days. With an increase in temperature, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were increased, while the mean generation time (T) was shortened. The optimal values of net reproductive rate (R0= 73.00 offspring) and fecundity (244.55 eggs) were determined at 24°C. Similarly, the population trend index (I) of A. sinensis was found to be highest at 24°C. Our findings indicate that A. sinensis has the greatest rate of population growth at 24°C, which can provide a scientific basis for predicting the in-field population dynamics of A. sinensis.

Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table of Chrysodeixis chalcites (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at Constant Temperatures on Semi-Synthetic Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modesto del Pino ◽  
Tomás Cabello ◽  
Estrella Hernández-Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Synthetic Diet ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Threshold Temperatures ◽  
Chrysodeixis Chalcites ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The golden twin-spot moth or tomato looper, Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper), is a polyphagous and worldwide pest that causes important aesthetic damages to banana fruits in the Canary Islands. The life history parameters of C. chalcites were determined under laboratory conditions in base on the age-stage, two-sex life table at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C, 65% relative humidity (RH), and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h, when it was reared on a semi-synthetic diet. The results show that C. chalcites was able to develop and survive from 15 to 30°C, but no development occurred at 35°C. Developmental threshold temperatures of the egg, larval, pupal, and total preoviposition stages were 10.42, 11.73, 11.22, and 9.42°C, respectively, and their effective accumulated temperatures were 58.31, 265.96, 118.57, and 562.39 degree-days, respectively. The adult longevity was reduced with increasing temperature, which ranged between 16.27 and 34.85 d for females and between 14.27 and 35.21 d for males. The highest values of net reproductive rate (R0) and fecundity were observed at 25°C, with 232.70 offspring and 1,224.74 eggs, respectively. Both the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) increased significantly and mean generation time (T) decreased significantly with increasing temperature. These results provide useful information that will allow predicting the impact of climate change on the distribution and population dynamics of C. chalcites and developing successful integrated management programs.

Influence of temperature on the development and reproduction of Cinara cedri (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Lachninae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yingchao Ji ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
Chenggang Zhou ◽  
Shuyan Yin
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Development Duration

Abstract Temperature is one of the main factors affecting insect growth, development and reproduction. The effects of temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C) on the development and reproduction of Cinara cedri Mimeur (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Lachnidae) fed on Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don were evaluated in this study. With the increase of temperature from 10 to 30°C, the development duration at different development stages gradually shortened. There was a significant positive correlation between the developmental rates and temperature, following a quadratic regression model. The lower developmental threshold temperature (C) and effective accumulated temperatures (K) for completing a generation were 4.13°C and 263.4 degree-days, respectively. The highest fecundity was observed at 20°C with 25.74 first-instar nymphs/female. Both the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r, 0.11 ± 0.03) and net reproduction rate (R0, 19.06 ± 2.05) were observed at 20°C, whereas the lowest values of r (0.05 ± 0.01) at 10°C and R0 (5.78 ± 0.88) at 30°C were observed. The results suggest that temperature significantly affects the biology of C. cedri and the optimal temperature for its development is 20°C.

Temperature-dependent life history of Eutetranychus africanus (Acari: Tetranychidae) on papaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-490
Author(s):  
Ming-ying Lin ◽  
Chin-hsing Lin ◽  
Yen-po Lin ◽  
Ching-tzu Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Developmental Duration ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
History Of ◽  
Net Reproduction

This study was conducted to further understand the biology of Eutetranychus africanus Tucker, a newly invasive pest mite in Taiwan that can cause serious damage to papaya. We report the life history of E. africanus on papaya in laboratory conditions at 12, 17, 22, 27 and 32 ± 0.5 °C, with 70 ± 5 % relative humidity and a photoperiod of L12: D12. Eggs did not hatch at 12 °C. Both developmental duration and longevity were significantly shortened with the increase of temperature. The longest and shortest developmental durations of the immature stage were 37.28 days at 17 °C and 8.70 days at 32 °C, respectively. The longevity of both sexes varied similarly with the change in temperature, with shorter lifespan in males: Females survived for 3.64 days (shortest) at 32 °C to 17.50 days (longest) at 17 °C, whereas males survived for 11.00 days (longest) at 17 °C to 2.57 days (shortest) at 32 °C. The differences in fecundity were significant among all tested temperatures, with 17.61 eggs/female at 27 °C being the highest. The low developmental threshold and thermal summation of the full immature stage were 11.48 °C and 163.93 degree-days, respectively. In two-sex life table analysis, population parameters were significantly affected by temperature except the net reproduction rate. The highest intrinsic rate of increase was 0.1221 day−1 at 27 °C; the average generation time was the shortest (12.61 days) at 32 °C and the longest (48.70 days) at 17 °C. The highest net reproduction rate was 5.06 eggs/female at 27 °C. This report contributes background knowledge to the management of the damage caused by E. africanuson papaya.This study was conducted to further understand the biology of Eutetranychus africanus Tucker, a newly invasive pest mite in Taiwan that can cause serious damage to papaya. We report the life history of E. africanus on papaya in laboratory conditions at 12, 17, 22, 27 and 32 ± 0.5 °C, with 70 ± 5 % relative humidity and a photoperiod of L12: D12. Eggs did not hatch at 12 °C. Both developmental duration and longevity were significantly shortened with the increase of temperature. The longest and shortest developmental durations of the immature stage were 37.28 days at 17 °C and 8.70 days at 32 °C, respectively. The longevity of both sexes varied similarly with the change in temperature, with shorter lifespan in males: Females survived for 3.64 days (shortest) at 32 °C to 17.50 days (longest) at 17 °C, whereas males survived for 11.00 days (longest) at 17 °C to 2.57 days (shortest) at 32 °C. The differences in fecundity were significant among all tested temperatures, with 17.61 eggs/female at 27 °C being the highest. The low developmental threshold and thermal summation of the full immature stage were 11.48 °C and 163.93 degree-days, respectively. In two-sex life table analysis, population parameters were significantly affected by temperature except the net reproduction rate. The highest intrinsic rate of increase was 0.1221 day−1 at 27 °C; the average generation time was the shortest (12.61 days) at 32 °C and the longest (48.70 days) at 17 °C. The highest net reproduction rate was 5.06 eggs/female at 27 °C. This report contributes background knowledge to the management of the damage caused by E. africanus on papaya.

scholarly journals The Population Growth of Spodoptera frugiperda on Six Cash Crop Species and Implications for Its Occurrence and Damage Potential in China

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Wenwen Wang ◽  
Pengyang He ◽  
Yiyang Zhang ◽  
Tongxian Liu ◽  
Xiangfeng Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Spodoptera frugiperda is a significant migratory invasive pest, identified as a serious threat to agricultural production and food security in China. However, to our knowledge, the effects of most host plants on the biological characteristics of S. frugiperda have not been well studied. To develop effective management strategies for S. frugiperda in its new invasive habitat, basic biological and ecological knowledge of this pest are crucial requirements. Here, we examined the effects of six cash crops maize, wheat, soybean, tomato, cotton and Chinese cabbage on the development, survival, fecundity of S. frugiperda by using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The preadult stage, adult preoviposition period and total preoviposition period of S. frugiperda were shortest on maize and wheat but were longest on tomato. Fecundity was greatest on maize and wheat but smallest on tomato. The highest intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, net reproductive rate and the shortest mean generation time were recorded on maize. This present study showed that S. frugiperda could cause great economic losses to these cash crops, which should attract the attention of agricultural management departments. Our findings provide useful information in predicting population dynamics and understanding the potential damage that could be incurred by S. frugiperda invasion.

A simple model for ferret population dynamics and control in semi-arid New Zealand habitats

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Barlow ◽  
G. L. Norbury
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Over Time

Introduced ferrets (Mustela furo) in New Zealand are subject to population control to reduce their threat to native fauna and the incidence of bovine tuberculosis (Tb) in livestock. To help in evaluating control options and to contribute to a multi-species model for Tb dynamics, a simple Ricker model was developed for ferret population dynamics in a semi-arid environment. The model was based on two data sets and suggested an intrinsic rate of increase for ferrets of 1.0–1.3 year–1 and a carrying capacity of 0.5–2.9 km–2. There was evidence for direct density-dependence in both data sets and the effect appeared to act mainly on recruitment. Dependence of the rate of increase of predators on the density of wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was exhibited in one of the two data sets, together with a numerical response relating current density of predators asymptotically to current density of rabbits, their primary prey. Predators in this data set included both cats and ferrets, estimated from spotlight counts, but the other data set demonstrated a direct proportionality between predator (cat and ferret) spotlight counts and minimum ferrets known to be alive by trapping. The model suggested, firstly, that populations are hard to suppress by continuous culling, with at least a 50% removal per year necessary to effect a suppression of 50% in long-term average density. Secondly, if control is episodic rather than continuous, culling in autumn gives a greater degree of suppression over time (280%, accumulated over time) than culling in spring (180%). A differential equation version of the model provides a component for a general Anderson/May bovine Tb/wildlife (possum/deer/ferret) model.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the demographic parameters of seven spotted ladybird beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reared on various host aphid species

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8313
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Xun Zhu ◽  
Muhammad Shakeel ◽  
Ayesha Iftikhar ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Ladybird Beetle ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Host Aphid

Background The demographic parameters of the predacious seven spotted ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reared on the following four host aphid species were compared: Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Sitobion avenae Fabricius (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Methods The developmental period, fecundity, adult preoviposition period, total preoviposition period and population parameters were evaluated based on the two-sex age-stage life table. The duration of the developmental stages and the population parameters were calculated with the TWOSEX-MSChart program, whereas population size was projected based on the two-sex age-stage life table data with the TIMING-MSChart program. Results The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was the highest in the R. padi predators (0.1946 per day), followed by the S. graminum (0.1435 per day), S. avenae (0.1400 per day), and R. maidis (0.1180 per day) predators. The differences in the net reproductive rate (R0) and the finite rate of increase (λ) when C. septempunctata was reared on the four aphid species were consistent with the r values. This trend was reversed for the mean generation time (T), which ranged from 29.02 days for the lady beetles reared on R. padi to 39.75 days for the lady beetles reared on R. maidis. Interestingly, R. padi was the most suitable host, while the congeneric R. maidis was the least suitable. The results of this study may be useful for future investigations regarding the ecological effects of predatory species and the mass-production of C. septempunctata in the laboratory for an augmentative release of an aphid predator.

scholarly journals Temperature-dependent life history of Sipha maydis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Tazerouni ◽  
Ali Asghar Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Index ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Sipha maydis (Passerini) is a pest of Poaceae in many cereal-growing area of the world and Iran. The effects of temperature on biology and life table were investigated at five constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 32.5±1°C), 60±5% relative humidity (RH) and a photoperiod of 16L : 8D h. The results indicated that aphids failed to complete development at 32.5°C. Developmental time was ranged between 17.28 to 9.55 days at 15 and 30°C, respectively. The lower developmental threshold (T0) and thermal constant of S. maydis were estimated to be –5.52°C and 332.22 degree-days, respectively. The Analytis-3/Briere-1 model (as non linear model) is highly recommended for the description of temperature dependent development of S. maydis. The highest life expectancy of adults at emergence was 33.35 days at 20°C. The mean adult longevity of females and nymphipositional period were the highest at 20°C. The mean lifetime fecundity at 15, 20, 25 and 30°C were 21.24±1.97, 44.82±3.18, 22.25±2.33 and 16.39±1.15 nymphs/female, respectively. The survivorship curves of S. maydis were type I at 20 and 25°C (H < 0.5) and type III at 15 and 30°C (H > 0.5). The highest and lowest values of intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were observed at 20 (0.173±0.012 females/female/day) and 15°C (0.109±0.003 females/female/ /day), respectively. The growth index (GI) at 15, 20, 25 and 30°C were 0.033, 0.069, 0.062 and 0.038, respectively. According to this research the optimum temperature for population growth of S. maydis was 20°C. Our findings provide fundamental information and when this information is used in association with other ecological data, it may be valuable in development and implementation of management programs of S. maydis.

Impact of citrus species on the biological characteristics and life table parameters of Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemal Yalçin ◽  
İsmail Döker ◽  
Cengiz Kazak
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Life Table Parameters ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Biological characteristics and life table parameters of Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) were revealed on four different citrus species: grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf. cv. Star Ruby), lemon (C. limon (L.) Burm. f. cv. Meyer), mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco cv. Okitsu) and orange (C. sinensis L. cv. Washington Navel) under laboratory conditions. Results show that oviposition period, fecundity, and life table parameters varied significantly depending on the host plant species. Furthermore, host plant species had little effect on immature development, except for the teleiochrysalis and total developmental period, which was significantly shorter on lemon (13.77 days for females, 12.67 days for males). Total mean numbers of eggs laid by E. orientalis was 15.92 on mandarin and 29.78 on lemon. In addition, intrinsic rate of increase (rm), net reproductive rate (R0), finite rate of increase (λ) and doubling time (DT) are 0.12 day–1, 10.41 ♀/♀, 1.13 day–1 and 5.59 days for lemon, 0.17 day–1, 22.36 ♀/♀, 1.19 day–1 and 4.04 days for grapefruit, respectively. However, shortest and longest mean generation times (To) were obtained at 18.26 days on orange and 19.37 days on grapefruit. Our results demonstrate that intergeneric differences of Citrus should be considered when determining E. orientalis population abundance and dynamics in field conditions.

Biological characteristics of the mirids Macrolophus costalis and Macrolophus pygmaeus preying on the tobacco form of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Margaritopoulos ◽  
J.A. Tsitsipis ◽  
D.C. Perdikis
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Macrolophus Pygmaeus ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Predatory Bugs ◽  
Aphid Consumption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tobacco Aphid

AbstractBiological and population parameters of the predatory bugs Macrolophus costalis Fieber and Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur preying on the tobacco aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were examined. Tobacco was used as host plant and all experiments were carried out at 23°C and L16:D8. In M. costalis, the developmental time for eggs and the total duration of nymphal instars was 13.1 and 22.2 days and in M. pygmaeus 13.0 and 20.2 days, respectively. Both species completed their nymphal development feeding only on plant juices although they required significantly more time to attain adulthood than when feeding on prey. The longevity of M. costalis females and the preoviposition period were 49.9 and 5.6 days and those of M. pygmaeus were 50.3 and 6.3 days, respectively. Adult males showed a higher longevity than females in both species. The intrinsic rate of increase and the mean total number of eggs laid were 0.0644 and 121 in M. costalis and 0.0615 and 104 in M. pygmaeus, respectively. Mean total aphid consumption by nymphs of M. costalis was 61 aphids, about twice that of M. pygmaeus (37 aphids). Total aphid consumption by a male and female pair of M. costalis and M. pygmaeus until the death of the female was 244 and 285 aphids, respectively. The results of the study are discussed in relation to the impact of the two predatory bugs on tobacco aphid populations.

scholarly journals Progeny fitness determines the performance of the parasitoid Therophilus javanus, a prospective biocontrol agent against the legume pod borer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djibril Aboubakar Souna ◽  
Aimé Hippolyte Bokonon-Ganta ◽  
Marc Ravallec ◽  
Mesmin Alizannon ◽  
Ramasamy Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Choice Situation ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Larval Host ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTherophilus javanus (Bhat & Gupta) is an exotic larval endoparasitoid newly imported from Asia into Africa as a classical biological control agent against the pod borer Maruca vitrata (Fabricius). The parasitoid preference for the five larval instars of M. vitrata and their influence on progeny sex ratio were assessed together with the impact of larval host age at the time of oviposition on development time, mother longevity and offspring production. In a choice situation, female parasitoids preferred to oviposit in the first three larval instars. The development of immature stages of the parasitoid was observed inside three-day-old hosts, whereby the first two larval instars of T. javanus completed their development as endoparasites and the third larval instar as ectoparasite. The development time was faster when first larval instars (two- and three-day-old) of the host caterpillars were parasitized compared to second larval instar (four-day-old). The highest proportion of daughters (0.51) was observed when females were provided with four-day-old hosts. The lowest intrinsic rate of increase (r) (0.21 ± 0.01), the lowest rate of increase (λ) (1.23 ± 0.01), and the lowest net reproductive rate (Ro) (35.93 ± 6.51) were recorded on four-day-old hosts. These results are discussed in the light of optimizing mass rearing and release strategies.

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