Report on the Emergence Time of a Species of Thitarodes Ghost Moth (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), Host of the Caterpillar Fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycota: Ophiocordycipitaceae) in Uttarakhand, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 2031-2034
Author(s):  
Zhengyang Wang ◽  
Darong Yang ◽  
Rawal Janak ◽  
Naomi E Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Ophiocordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Female Pupa ◽  
Caterpillar Fungus ◽  
Mountain Meadows ◽  
Emergence Date

Abstract Ghost moths in the genus Thitarodes Viette, 1968, are hosts of the economically important caterpillar fungus, which is harvested in high mountain meadows across the Hengduan mountains and the Himalayas. In northwestern India, although caterpillar fungus has been collected in the state of Uttarakhand, no adults of Thitarodes species have been recorded. We report the sighting of a female pupa of Thitarodes sp. and its last-instar molt at Munsiyari, Uttarakhand, India, on 5 July 2019 and estimate that the adult emergence time in this habitat should be late July or early August. Although the habitats of caterpillar fungus in Uttarakhand are geographically closer to those in Nepal, they are climatically more similar to habitats of caterpillar fungus in Qinghai province in China. Among records at the same elevation, climatic variables are highly predictive of the emergence date of Thitarodes adults (adjusted-R2: 0.7925, F = 6.27, P = 0.03). Our result highlights the role of the Himalayan mountains as both a north–south climatic barrier and an east–west climatic gradient. We encourage local stakeholders and scientists in Uttarakhand to survey adult emergences of Thitarodes from July to mid-August.

scholarly journals Formation Patterns of Mediterranean High-Mountain Water-Bodies in Sierra-Nevada, SE Spain

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Diaz-Hernandez ◽  
Antonio Jose Herrera-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Glacial Processes ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Water Volumes

At present, there is a lack of detailed understanding on how the factors converging on water variables from mountain areas modify the quantity and quality of their watercourses, which are features determining these areas’ hydrological contribution to downstream regions. In order to remedy this situation to some extent, we studied the water-bodies of the western sector of the Sierra Nevada massif (Spain). Since thaw is a necessary but not sufficient contributor to the formation of these fragile water-bodies, we carried out field visits to identify their number, size and spatial distribution as well as their different modelling processes. The best-defined water-bodies were the result of glacial processes, such as overdeepening and moraine dams. These water-bodies are the highest in the massif (2918 m mean altitude), the largest and the deepest, making up 72% of the total. Another group is formed by hillside instability phenomena, which are very dynamic and are related to a variety of processes. The resulting water-bodies are irregular and located at lower altitudes (2842 m mean altitude), representing 25% of the total. The third group is the smallest (3%), with one subgroup formed by anthropic causes and another formed from unknown origin. It has recently been found that the Mediterranean and Atlantic watersheds of this massif are somewhat paradoxical in behaviour, since, despite its higher xericity, the Mediterranean watershed generally has higher water contents than the Atlantic. The overall cause of these discrepancies between watersheds is not connected to their formation processes. However, we found that the classification of water volumes by the manners of formation of their water-bodies is not coherent with the associated green fringes because of the anomalous behaviour of the water-bodies formed by moraine dams. This discrepancy is largely due to the passive role of the water retained in this type of water-body as it depends on the characteristics of its hollows. The water-bodies of Sierra Nevada close to the peak line (2918 m mean altitude) are therefore highly dependent on the glacial processes that created the hollows in which they are located. Slope instability created water-bodies mainly located at lower altitudes (2842 m mean altitude), representing tectonic weak zones or accumulation of debris, which are influenced by intense slope dynamics. These water-bodies are therefore more fragile, and their existence is probably more short-lived than that of bodies created under glacial conditions.

Typification of Sphaeria sinensis to precisely fix the application of the name of the economically important Chinese caterpillar fungus, Ophiocordyceps sinensis

Taxon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Lan Jiang ◽  
David L. Hawksworth ◽  
Yong‐Hui Wang ◽  
Jiao‐Jiao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ophiocordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Caterpillar Fungus

The role of lichens in high-mountain phytocenoses of Siberia

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 586-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Sedel’nikova ◽  
V. P. Sedel’nikov
Keyword(s):  
High Mountain

‘Stepping on the heads of our Gods'

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-56
Author(s):  
Yangji Doma Sherpa ◽  
A. John Sinclair ◽  
Thomas Henley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mountain Environments ◽  
Hydroelectric Dam ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The Himalayan region of India is experiencing rapid development in tourism, agriculture, highway construction and hydroelectric dam construction. This research considered the role of the public both within and outside of development decision-making processes in these high mountain environments using the proposed Himalayan Ski Village (HSV) in Manali as a case study. The qualitative data revealed that there has been an extensive array of public participation activity related to the HSV project over approximately 10 years. Very little of this activity has evolved, however, through the formal decision-making process. Rather, most participation activities, such as general house meetings, objection letters, public rallies, court cases against the proposed project, and a religious congregation were instigated by the public to protest the proposed development. The findings also show that involvement in the participatory activities undertaken by the public and project proponent fostered instrumental and communicative learning outcomes.

scholarly journals Mobile Elements in Ray-Finned Fish Genomes

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Carducci ◽  
Marco Barucca ◽  
Adriana Canapa ◽  
Elisa Carotti ◽  
Maria Assunta Biscotti
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Mountain Streams ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Biological Interest ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Molecular Bases

Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) are a very diverse group of vertebrates, encompassing species adapted to live in freshwater and marine environments, from the deep sea to high mountain streams. Genome sequencing offers a genetic resource for investigating the molecular bases of this phenotypic diversity and these adaptations to various habitats. The wide range of genome sizes observed in fishes is due to the role of transposable elements (TEs), which are powerful drivers of species diversity. Analyses performed to date provide evidence that class II DNA transposons are the most abundant component in most fish genomes and that compared to other vertebrate genomes, many TE superfamilies are present in actinopterygians. Moreover, specific TEs have been reported in ray-finned fishes as a possible result of an intricate relationship between TE evolution and the environment. The data summarized here underline the biological interest in Actinopterygii as a model group to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the high biodiversity observed in this taxon.

The intronic minisatellite OsMin1 within a serine protease gene in the Chinese caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis

2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 3599-3610
Author(s):  
Yong-Jie Zhang ◽  
Jun-Xiu Hou ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Georg Hausner ◽  
Xing-Zhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serine Protease ◽  
Protease Gene ◽  
Ophiocordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Caterpillar Fungus ◽  
Serine Protease Gene

The role of repeat photography in establishing theories of transition in high mountain environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Mountain Environments ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Theories Of Transition

<p>Today, photos play an important role in geoscience and public discussion. When photographical techniques developed during the second half of the 19th century, it took several decades uuntil high mountain areas and specific features could be captured with this technique, as a follow upt o traditional paintings and drawings. In European geography, Friedrich Simony developed the idea of tackling geomorphological processes by time lapse photography. Contemporary literature shows that his technique of combining photography with empirical data and theories was convincing, and that he established a new style of scientific discussion. Still, the comparison of historical with contemporary photography offers scientific insights and information which is not covered by any other type of empirical evidence as measurements, maps or descriptions. For example not only extent, but also firn and debris cover of glaciers, information on type and extent of vegetation,  the width and style of roads, details of infrastructure and cultural practices can be tackled from early photographs.  Several archives do allow not only acess to photographic documents, but also to metadata. Interdisciplinary effort has to be taken to further analyse this wealth of information.</p>

Role of antioxidant defense system and biochemical adaptation on stress tolerance of high mountain and steppe plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Işıl Öncel ◽  
Ender Yurdakulol ◽  
Yüksel Keleş ◽  
Latif Kurt ◽  
Atilla Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Biochemical Adaptation ◽  
Steppe Plants

scholarly journals Debris cover and the thinning of Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, Part A:in situ mass balance measurements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif S. Anderson ◽  
Robert S. Anderson ◽  
Pascal Buri ◽  
William H. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
High Resolution Imagery ◽  
Debris Cover ◽  
The Alps

Abstract. The mass balance of many Alaskan glaciers is perturbed by debris cover. Yet the effect of debris on glacier response to climate change in Alaska has largely been overlooked. In three companion papers we assess the role of debris, ice dynamics, and surface processes in thinning Kennicott Glacier. In Part A, we report in situ measurements from the glacier surface. In Part B, we develop a method to delineate ice cliffs using high-resolution imagery and produce distributed mass balance estimates. In Part C we explore feedbacks that contribute to glacier thinning. Here in Part A, we describe data collected in the summer of 2011. We measured debris thickness (109 locations), sub-debris melt (74), and ice cliff backwasting (60) data from the debris-covered tongue. We also measured air-temperature (3 locations) and internal-debris temperature (10). The mean debris thermal conductivity was 1.06 W (m C)−1, increasing non-linearly with debris thickness. Mean debris thicknesses increase toward the terminus and margin where surface velocities are low. Despite the relatively high air temperatures above thick debris, the melt-insulating effect of debris dominates. Sub-debris melt rates ranged from 6.5 cm d−1 where debris is thin to 1.25 cm d−1 where debris is thick near the terminus. Ice cliff backwasting rates varied from 3 to 14 cm d−1 with a mean of 7.1 cm d−1 and tended to increase as elevation declined and debris thickness increased. Ice cliff backwasting rates are similar to those measured on debris-covered glaciers in High Mountain Asia and the Alps.

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