scholarly journals Volatile Essential Oils Can Be Used to Improve the Efficacy of Heat Treatments Targeting the Western Drywood Termite: Evidence from a Laboratory Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1373-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T Perry ◽  
Dong-Hwan Choe
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Incisitermes Minor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drywood Termites

Abstract Use of heated air to create lethal temperatures within infested wood serves as a nonchemical treatment option against western drywood termites, Incisitermes minor (Hagen). When treating a whole or large portion of the structure, however, the presence of hard-to-heat areas (structural heat sinks) and potential risk of damaging heat-sensitive items are recognized as important challenges. To address these challenges, we tested if the incorporation of a volatile essential oil would increase the overall efficacy of heat treatments against the drywood termites. To choose an essential oil for use, we tested the volatile action of several candidate compounds against individual termites using a fumigant toxicity assay. As a proof-of-concept experiment, field-collected termites were housed in small wooden arenas and subsequently subjected to 2-h heat treatment at various air temperatures within a gas chromatography oven. A simulated heat sink and essential oil treatment was also included in the experimental design. Analyses of lethal temperatures (LTemp50 and LTemp99 values), probabilities of mortality, and survivorship data over time suggested that 1) the presence of a heat sink significantly increased the minimum air temperature needed for complete kill of the termites and 2) the volatile essential oil added at the site of a heat sink effectively counteracted the impact of the heat sink. The use of volatile essential oils makes it possible to effectively kill drywood termites even in areas which might not reach lethal temperatures (~50°C), potentially improving the overall efficacy of heat treatments while reducing the risk of heat damage.

scholarly journals Volatile Essential Oils Can Be Used to Improve the Efficacy of Heat Treatments Targeting the Western Drywood Termite: Evidence from Simulated Whole House Heat Treatment Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2448-2457
Author(s):  
Daniel T Perry ◽  
Dong-Hwan Choe
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Concrete Wall ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Heated Air ◽  
Incisitermes Minor ◽  
Group A ◽  
Drywood Termites

Abstract Colonies of western drywood termites, Incisitermes minor (Hagen) (Blattodea: Kalotermitidae), are difficult to detect and treat due to their cryptic nature. The use of heated air to create lethal temperatures within infested wood serves as a nonchemical treatment option targeting whole structure or large portions of the structure. However, the presence of hard-to-heat areas and potential risk of damage for heat-sensitive items are recognized as important challenges. Here, we tested if a localized injection of volatile essential oil could be utilized to address the heat sink issue, potentially increasing the overall efficiency of heat treatments against drywood termites. Artificially infested wooden blocks were placed in several locations of the test building, and heat treatments were conducted. For the treatment group, a small amount of essential oil (methyl salicylate) was added in the blocks prior to the heat treatment. All blocks placed in uninsulated wall voids had 92–100% termite mortality by day 7. However, the presence of a large concrete wall in the subarea hindered heating of blocks therein, resulting 36–44% mortality by day 7 when there was no essential oil treatment. Incorporation of the essential oil substantially increased the control efficacy for the subarea, resulting in more than 90% mortality. This approach might also be helpful in reducing the risk of potential heat damage during heat treatment without compromising its control efficacy.

scholarly journals Oil and Flower Production in Rosa damascena trigintipetala Dieck under Salinity Stress in Taif Region, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4547
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. El-Sharnouby ◽  
Metwally M. Montaser ◽  
Sliai M. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

The flower industry depends on oil and fragrance, which is addressed in the current work. Different concentrations of NaCl (0, 250, 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm) were applied to Taif rose plants (Rosa damascena var. trigintipetala Dieck) to evaluate their effects on growth and essential oil content. Results clearly indicated the highest survival percentage (98.3%) was seen in untreated plants compared to plants under salinity stress. Moreover, increasing the NaCl levels induced an adverse effect on the growth parameters of Taif rose plants, while some essential oil contents were increased to the maximum degree of their tolerance to salinity stress. The extracted essential oils were analyzed using GC/MS. The essential oils of Taif rose plants treated with 500 ppm NaCl recorded the highest values of citronellol, geraniol and phenylethyl alcohol contents (16.56, 8.67 and 9.87%), respectively. NaCl at 250 ppm produced the highest values of heneicosane (13.12%), and then decreased to the lowest value (7.79%) with the increase of NaCl to 1500 NaCl, compared to the control and other NaCl levels. The current results could highlight the impact of salinity stress on Rosa damascena Miller var. trigintipetala Dieck for better economic and industrial applications.

scholarly journals FUMIGATION TOXICITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) IN STORED MAIZE GRAIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALDEANY NÚBIA DE SOUZA ◽  
CARLOS ROMERO FERREIRA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
CLÁUDIA HELENA CYSNEIROS MATOS ◽  
DAIANY KEILA FLORENTINO DE ALMEIDA
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Fumigation Toxicity

ABSTRACT: The Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is a primary pest of stored grains in many regions of the world. In this work we evaluated the fumigant activity of essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L., Citrus aurantium L., Mentha spicata L. and Croton pulegiodorus Baill on adult R. dominica in stored maize. Tests were conducted to determine lethals concentrations (CL50 and CL100) and mortality (fumigation).The fumigation test was done in containers made of glass containing 10 individuals of R. dominica, where essential oils were applied at different concentrations: O. basilicum and M. spicata (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40µL/L of air), C. aurantium (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60µL/L of air) and C. pulegiodorus (0, 20, 30, 50, 70 and 90µL/L of air). After 48 hours of exposure to the oils the percentage of insect mortality was evaluated. According to LC50 and LC100 the toxicity of essential oils decreased in the following order: O. basilicum> M. spicata> C. pulegiodorus> C. aurantium. The essential oil of O. basilicum exhibited strong fumigant toxicity against R. dominica adults, with a LC50 value of 17.67 µL/L air and LC100 value of 27.15 µL/L air. The C. aurantium essential oil required higher concentrations than O. basilicum, M. spicata and C. pulegiodorus to kill insects. However, all oils evaluated presented fumigating property to promote the control of R. dominica and demonstrated potential use in the management of this coleoptera.

scholarly journals Activity of Schinus Areira (Anacardiaceae) Essential Oils against the Grain Storage Pest Tribolium castaneum

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian R. Descamps ◽  
Carolina Sánchez Chopa ◽  
Adriana A. Ferrero
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Feeding Deterrent ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Nutritional Index ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Storage Pest ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Essential oils extracted from leaves and fruits of Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) were tested for their repellent, toxic and feeding deterrent properties against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae and adults. A topical application assay was employed for the contact toxicity study and filter paper impregnation for the fumigant assay. A treated diet was also used to evaluate the repellent activity and a flour disk bioassay for the feeding deterrent action and nutritional index alteration. The essential oil of the leaves contained mainly monoterpenoids, with α-phellandrene, 3-carene and camphene predominant, whereas that from the fruits contained mainly α-phellandrene, 3-carene and β-myrcene. The leaf essential oil showed repellent effects, whereas that from the fruit was an attractant. Both oils produced mortality against larvae in topical and fumigant bioassays, but fumigant toxicity was not found against adults. Moreover, both essential oils produced some alterations in nutritional index. These results show that the essential oils from S. areira could be applicable to the management of populations of Tribolium castaneum.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Acaricidal Effects of Essential Oils ofFoeniculum vulgareMill. (Apiales: Apiaceae) andLavandula angustifoliaMiller (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) againstTetranychus urticaeKoch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asgar Ebadollahi ◽  
Jalal Jalali Sendi ◽  
Alireza Aliakbar ◽  
Jabraeil Razmjou
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Nontarget Organisms ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

Utilization of synthetic acaricides causes negative side-effects on nontarget organisms and environment and most of the mite species such as two spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticaeKoch, are becoming resistant to these chemicals. In the present study, essential oils of fennel,Foeniculum vulgareMill., and lavender,Lavandula angustifoliaMiller, were hydrodistilled using Clevenger apparatus and chemical composition of these oils was analyzed by GC-MS. Anethole (46.73%), limonene (13.65%), andα-fenchone (8.27%) in the fennel essential oil and linalool (28.63%), 1,8-cineole (18.65%), and 1-borneol (15.94%) in the lavender essential oil were found as main components. Contact and fumigant toxicity of essential oils was assessed against adult females ofT. urticaeafter 24 h exposure time. The essential oils revealed strong toxicity in both contact and fumigant bioassays and the activity dependeds on essential oil concentrations. Lethal concentration 50% for the population of mite (LC50) was found as 0.557% (0.445–0.716) and 0.792% (0.598–1.091) in the contact toxicity and 1.876 μL/L air (1.786–1.982) and 1.971 μL/L air (1.628–2.478) in the fumigant toxicity for fennel and lavender oils, respectively. Results indicated thatF. vulgareandL. angustifoliaessential oils might be useful for managing of two spotted spider mite,T. urticae.

scholarly journals Fumigant Toxicity of Petroselinum Crispum L. (Apiaceae) Essential Oil on Trialeurodes Vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Adults Under Greenhouse Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Mahmoodi ◽  
Oroj Valizadegan ◽  
Vahid Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Greenhouse Crops

Abstract Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most harmful, world-wide known pests of greenhouse crops and ornamental plants. This insect feeds on plant sap, produces honeydew, and transmits plant viruses, while causing quantitative and qualitative damage to plants. For controlling this pest in greenhouses, plant essential oils are used as an alternative to chemical insecticidal. So in this study, fumigant toxicity of Petroselinum crispum L. (Apiaceae) plant oil on the abovementioned adult pest was investigated. Dry seeds were ground and subjected to hydrodistillation using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus and the resulting oil contained myristicin (42.65%), β-phellandrene (21.83%), p-1,3,8-menthatriene (9.97%), and β-myrcene (4.25%). All bioassay tests were conducted at 27±2°C, 65±5% relative humidity (RH) and at a photoperiod of 16 : 8 h (light : dark). This research was performed in a completely randomised design with six treatments (five different concentrations of essential oils plus the control). Each concentration included three replicates and each replicate consisted of 20 adult pests. The results showed that the aforementioned essential oil showed significant mortality of adults 24 h after exposure. The value LC50 of the mentioned plant oil on T. vaporariorum was 2.41 μl/l air. And mortality percentage showed higher sensitivity of T. vaporariorum against the application of the essential oil. The value LT50 estimated for T. vaporariorum in a concentration of 2.41 μl/l air was 8.17 h. The fumigant toxicity of this essential oil had an ordered relationship with the concentration and time exposure. The results of this research showed that the mentioned plant oil had appropriate insecticidal effects on these greenhouse pests. The findings showed that P. crispum oil had a high impact on the above-mentioned pest, and its use is suggested because of its high potential fumigant toxicity. The oil of P. crispum may be used in integrated pest management programmes in greenhouses.

scholarly journals The Impact of Selected Essential Oils Applied to Non-Woven Viscose on Bacteria That Cause Lower Urinary Tract Infections—Preliminary Studies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6854
Author(s):  
Emilia Frydrysiak ◽  
Alina Kunicka-Styczyńska ◽  
Krzysztof Śmigielski ◽  
Michał Frydrysiak
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Urinary

Inflammation of the lower urinary tract is a very common problem, which occurs particularly in women. A concept of a biotextronics system for preventive and support treatment of lower urinary tract inflammations was presented. The system includes a non-woven viscose insert for essential oils application. The oils were deposited on the non-woven viscose and incubated in the temperature of 37 °C and served a model for their action in the vapor phase as the element of the biotextronics system. The essential oils used in the research were the following: chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia lavandulaefolia), juniper (Juniperus communis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and mixtures of chamomile oil with oils of each sage species in a 1:1 ratio. The oils were tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Enterococcus faecalis. The best inhibitory effect in vapor phase was noted for chamomile essential oil at the lowest concentration (0.054 µL/cm3). Both mixtures of chamomile and sage acted antagonistically, lowering the antibacterial activity of the individual oils applied solely. Juniper and Salvia officinalis essential oils at the concentrations tested increased the growth of at least one of the bacteria tested. Salvia lavandulaefolia Vahl. essential oil inhibited all bacteria, only at the concentration 0.214 µL/cm3. The thyme oil, at the concentration 0.054 µL/cm3, reduced the growth of all bacterial species tested. Chamomile and thyme essential oils were chosen for further research in the biotextronics pantiliner system.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Illicium verum

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 01052
Author(s):  
Brahim Outemsaa ◽  
Asmaa Oubihi ◽  
Hassna Jaber ◽  
Sara Haida ◽  
Ikram Kenfaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Illicium Verum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activity

In recent years, a concern has been expressed about the impact of antibiotics and synthetic antioxidants, which are used to inhibit microbial growth and retard fat oxidation in foods. In addition, antibiotic resistance presents a serious menace to human and environmental ecosystems. This has led the food industry to use natural resources such as essential oils in the preparation of foods, this forming their sensory profile and increasing preservation time there. The objective of this work is to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Illicium verum. The yield of essential oil extracted by hydro distillation is about 4.13%. The chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from the dried fruits of Illicium verum was studied by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC and GC/MS). Twenty-eight constituents, representing 99.74% of the essential oil were identified. The major compounds are: trans-anethole (83.46%), D-Limonene (4.56%), Estragole (3.47%) and Linalool (1.07%). Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH assay. The essential oils of Illicium verum showed low antioxidant activity with IC50= 286.19 ± 7.4 mg/mL, compared to Ascorbic acid IC50= 0.09 ± 0.01 mg/mL. The antibacterial effect of this essential oil was tested against six microorganisms, of which Staphylococcus aureus is the most sensitive with an MIC of about 1/1000 (v/v), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterobacter cloacae with an MIC equal to 1/100 (v/v).

scholarly journals Contact and Fumigant Toxicity of Essential Oils Against Callosobruchus maculatus

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Mahfuz ◽  
M Khalequzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Eucalyptus Oil ◽  
Contact Bioassay ◽  
Fourth Position

Toxicity of five essential oils (EOs), viz. cardamom, cinnamon, clove, eucalyptus and neem oils were investigated against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculates (Fab.) adults, through contact and fumigation bioassay. In the contact bioassay eucalyptus oil was found to be the most effective in inducing mortality both after 24 and 48 h of treatments. The toxicity of the oils followed in the order: eucalyptus > clove > cinnamon > cardamom > neem. In the fumigation bioassay, however, a reverse result was obtained with eucalyptus oil where it shows the last position for 24 h and fourth position for 48 h after treatments. The efficacy in respect of the toxicity followed in the order: clove > cinnamon > cardamom > neem > eucalyptus after 24 h after treatment, and clove > cinnamon > cardamom > eucalyptus > neem after 48 h after treatments. Keywords: Essential oil, bioassay, LD50, C. maculates Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 26, 2007. pp. 63-66

scholarly journals Blood Cortisol Level and Blood Serotonin Level in Depression Mice with Basil Leaf Essential Oil Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 2652-2655
Author(s):  
Machnizar Sentari ◽  
Urip Harahap ◽  
Tuti Wahmurti A. Sapiie ◽  
Kiking Ritarwan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Serotonin Level ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Depression is a serious public health problem. The impact of depression is enormous, ranging from decreasing work productivity, interpersonal disorders, sleep and eating disorders, susceptible to disease to an increase in suicides. In a state of depression, there was an increase in cortisol and changes in the neurotransmitter of the brain monoamine, norepinephrine and dopamine and specifically serotonin level. Treatment of depression using synthetic drugs such as the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) drug which is said to be safe turns out to still have side effects, such as stomach disorders, erectile disorders, weight gain and sometimes sleep disorders. So, the usage of traditional medicines can be an alternative. One of the traditional medicines that have been studied in Indonesia was the essential oil of basil leaves, which is known to function as an antidepressant at a dose of 2.5 x 10-2 mL/kg b.w. AIM: To determine the comparison of cortisol and serotonin level between depressed mice which get basil leaf essential oil as intervention, depression mice, and normal mice. METHODS: This research was an experimental type purely using experimental animal models, with an experimental research design Post Test Only Context Group Design in mice (Mus musculus), by dividing 3 groups of mice, namely depressed mice which received essential oil of basil leaves dose of 2.5 x 10-2 mL/kg BW, depression mice, and normal mice, to compare the level of blood cortisol and serotonin while to determine effect of administration basil leaves essential oils in depression mice. RESULTS: Cortisol levels between intervened depression mice, depression mice, and normal mice groups were significantly comparable with p < 0.001, while serotonin level was significantly comparable between intervened depression mice, depression mice, and normal mice group with p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: Evidenced by differences in cortisol levels, serotonin levels between normal mice groups, depressed mice and mice that received essential oils of basil leaves. The comparisons showed that the cortisol level of the intervened depression group was lower than the depression mice group; however the level didn’t reach the level of cortisol in the normal group. While the serotonin level of intervened depression mice group was higher than the depression mice group or normal mice group.

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