Effect of Rice Winter Cultural Management Practices on the Size of the Hatching Population of Triops longicaudatus (Notostraca: Triopsidae) in California Rice Fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1243-1247
Author(s):  
Joanna B Bloese ◽  
Kevin M Goding ◽  
Larry D Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Triops Longicaudatus ◽  
Rice Pest ◽  
Tadpole Shrimp ◽  
Winter Flooding ◽  
The University

Abstract The tadpole shrimp [Triops longicaudatus (Leconte)] has emerged as a significant pest of rice grown in California in recent decades. The change in T. longicaudatus’ pest status has coincided with changes in cultural management of residual rice straw postharvest. Policy changes have reduced the postharvest burning of fields from nearly 95% to less than 10%, promoting increased use of winter flooding as a means of accelerating straw decomposition. Field and laboratory trials were conducted from 2015 to 2017 at the Rice Experiment Station in Biggs, CA and in greenhouses at the University of California (UC) Davis to evaluate the effects of burning, flooding, and a fallow control on T. longicaudatus population dynamics. Experiments demonstrated that burning of rice straw failed to suppress densities of hatching T. longicaudatus and actually had the reverse effect, causing a 51% increase in numbers hatching, perhaps as a result of burning triggering termination of multiyear T. longicaudatus egg dormancy. Winter flooding had no measurable effect on T. longicaudatus hatch. Thus, these changes in winter cultural practices do not appear to be responsible for the emergence of T. longicaudatus as a major rice pest.

scholarly journals Review: The recruitment biology and ecology of large and small crabgrass in turfgrass: Implications for management in the context of a cosmetic pesticide ban

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawn A. Turner ◽  
Katerina S. Jordan ◽  
Rene C. Van Acker
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Annual Weeds

Turner, F. A., Jordan, K. S. and Van Acker, R. C. 2012. Review: The recruitment biology and ecology of large and small crabgrass in turfgrass: Implications for management in the context of a cosmetic pesticide ban. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 829–845. Large and small crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis and Digitaria ischaemum, respectively) are problem weeds within turfgrass. As seedling recruitment shapes the demography of annual weeds, it is important to assess the recruitment biology and ecology of crabgrass species to determine how these aspects may be impacted by various management techniques. This, in addition to an assessment of large and small crabgrass’ response to cultural management techniques in turfgrass, is the objective of this review. Turfgrass management either directly or indirectly affects the crabgrass recruitment microclimate by impacting the soil, topography, resources or plant cover, which in turn affects the degree and timing of crabgrass recruitment. Due to the increasing number and scale of cosmetic use pesticide bans in Canada this topic is particularly relevant. Crabgrass experiences a dormancy period of several weeks prior to being able to germinate. Microsite conditions of temperature and moisture have the greatest influence on dormancy breaking and germination; however, other factors such as light have shown some effect on recruitment. There is also evidence that factors such as seed scarification or treatment with nitrogenous compounds can increase recruitment. In turfgrass, common cultural practices, such as mowing, irrigation, and fertilization, can affect the recruitment of crabgrass. By pairing knowledge of the effects of microsite conditions on crabgrass recruitment with management that favours turfgrass vigour, better management practices to deter crabgrass infestation can be recommended. There are large gaps in research pertaining to the effects of cultural management techniques on crabgrass recruitment. Research to date has failed to make critical links between knowledge of these species’ recruitment biology and ecology and how this is affected or can be applied through herbicide alternative management. This review recommends that regional assessments of crabgrass populations are necessary to determine the most appropriate management strategies. This type of research would have the potential to guide ideal application timings for existing and developing alternative herbicides as well as recommendations for the best cultural management practices to deter crabgrass infestation in turf.

Report of the Necrology Committee: Weed Science Society of America

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-692
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
University Of Wyoming ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Science Society ◽  
The University

Harold Alley, Professor of Merit at the University of Wyoming, died in the summer 1991. He was an extension weed scientist, but he also conducted extensive research in range weed control, especially revegetation of range areas with herbicide and cultural management practices in grazing situations. He was very active in the Western Weed Science Society and was a fellow of WSSA. He also received the WSSA Outstanding Extension Specialists Award. He is survived by his wife Jean and three children.

2011 BEEF FORAGE SURVEY RESULTS

EDIS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja C. Crawford ◽  
Christa L. Kirby ◽  
Tycee Prevatt ◽  
Brent A. Sellers ◽  
Maria L. Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
South Florida ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Development Unit ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
County Extension ◽  
Ranch Management ◽  
The University

The University of Florida / IFAS South Florida Beef Forage Program (SFBFP) is composed of county Extension faculty and state specialists.  The members, in conjunction with the UF/IFAS Program Evaluation and Organizational Development unit, created a survey in 1982, which is used to evaluate ranch management practices.  The survey is updated and distributed every 5 years to ranchers in 14 South Florida counties: Charlotte, Collier, DeSoto, Glades, Hardee, Hendry, Highlands, Hillsborough, Lee, Manatee, Martin, Okeechobee, Polk, and Sarasota.  The responses are anonymous.  

CONSTRUCTING A DEMONSTRATION VEGETABLE GARDEN

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 671f-671
Author(s):  
M. Marutani ◽  
R. Quitugua ◽  
C. Simpson ◽  
R. Crisostomo
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Crop Cover ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The University

A demonstration vegetable garden was constructed for students in elementary, middle and high schools to expose them to agricultural science. On Charter Day, a University-wide celebration, students were invited to the garden on the University campus. The purpose of this project was twofold: (1) for participants to learn how to make a garden and (2) for visitors to see a variety of available crops and cultural techniques. Approximately 30 vegetable crops were grown. The garden also presented some cultural practices to improve plant development, which included weed control by solarization, mulching, a drip irrigation system, staking, shading and crop cover. Different types of compost bins were shown and various nitrogen-fixing legumes were displayed as useful hedge plants for the garden.

Sustainable Production of Honeydew and Muskmelon in Western Mexico

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 495d-495
Author(s):  
J. Farias-Larios ◽  
A. Michel-Rosales
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
First Results ◽  
Legume Cover Crop ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Research Show

In Western Mexico, melon production depends on high-input systems to maximize yield and product quality. Tillage, plasticulture, fumigation with methyl bromide, and fertigation, are the principal management practices in these systems. However, at present several problems has been found: pests as sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius), aphids (Myzus and Aphis), leafminer (Liryomiza sativae); diseases as Fusarium, Verticilium, and Pseudoperenospora, and weeds demand high pesticide utilization and labor. There is a growing demand for alternative cultural practices, with an emphasis on reducing off-farm input labor and chemicals. Our research is based on use of organic mulches, such as: rice straw, mature maize leaves, banana leaves, sugarcane bagasse, coconut leaves, and living mulches with annual legume cover crop in melons with crop rotation, such as: Canavalia, Stilozobium, Crotalaria, and Clitoria species. Also, inoculations with mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi for honeydew and cantaloupe melon seedlings production are been assayed in greenhouse conditions for a transplant system. The use of life barriers with sorghum, marigold, and other aromatic native plants in conjunction with a colored yellow systems traps for monitoring pests is being studied as well. While that the pest control is based in commercial formulations of Beauveria bassiana for biological control. The first results of this research show that the Glomus intraradices, G. fasciculatum, G. etunicatum, and G. mosseae reached 38.5%, 33.5%, 27.0%, and 31.0% of root infection levels, respectively. Honeydew melons production with rice and corn straw mulches shows an beneficial effect with 113.30 and 111.20 kg/plot of 10 m2 compared with bare soil with 100.20 kg. The proposed system likely also lowers production cost and is applicable to small- and large-scale melon production.

A Survey of Nursery Water Quality Best Management Practices

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 501e-502
Author(s):  
Cody J. White ◽  
Michael A. Schnelle ◽  
Gerrit W. Cuperus
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Employee Safety ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Environmentally Sound

A survey was designed to assess high-risk areas with respect to environmental contamination, specifically how it relates to water quality. Oklahoma growers of all economic levels, retail and/or wholesale, were queried at their place of business for their current state of implementing best management practices (BMPs) and other strategic actions that could potentially affect current and future water quality standards. Specific areas such as the physical environment of the nursery, primary pesticides and fertilizers used, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices, and employee safety training were covered as well as other aspects germane to preserving and protecting current water quality and related environmental issues. More than 75 nurseries were surveyed and given the opportunity to participate in future training at Oklahoma State Univ. Results indicated that nurseries have not fully implemented many BMPs, but have adopted fundamental IPM approaches. The stage is set for the implementation of the next phase of expansion and refinement into ecologically based programs such as propagation and sale of low pesticide input plant materials, improved cultural practices, and the integration of environmentally sound management approaches. As an example, many growers are in the process of phasing out calendar-based pesticide application programs in favor of aesthetic and/or economic threshold-driven pesticide spray programs.

Actinomycetes in rice straw decomposition

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham M. Abdulla ◽  
Sahar A. El-Shatoury
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rice Straw Decomposition

Form as Weapon: the Political Function of Song in Urban Zimbabwean Theatre

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Martin Rohmer
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Protest ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Political Function ◽  
Humboldt University ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The University

In Zimbabwean society, what may not be spoken sometimes becomes acceptable in song – whether to avoid social taboos and enable a wife to complain against her mother-in-law, or in broadening the boundaries of political protest. In this article, Martin Rohmer looks back to the ways in which song enabled forms of protest against forced labour and other aspects of colonial rule – in times of outward compliance as well as of direct struggle – and considers how urban theatre groups in independent Zimbabwe have adapted the tradition to their own, contemporary ends. Martin Rohmer spent almost two years studying Zimbabwean theatre when a research assistant at the University of Bayreuth, and completed his doctorate on Theatre and Performance in Zimbabwe at the Humboldt University, Berlin, in 1997. Since then he has been working in the field of cultural management for the Young Artists' Festival in Bayreuth. The present paper was first presented at the Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association in San Francisco in November 1996.

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