Variation in Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Transmission Efficiency by Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) after Acquisition from Transgenic and Nontransformed Wheat Genotypes

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1790-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Jiménez-Martínez ◽  
N. A. Bosque-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

scholarly journals Variation in Transmission Efficiency Among Barley yellow dwarf virus-RMV Isolates and Clones of the Normally Inefficient Aphid Vector, Rhopalosiphum padi

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 792-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lucio-Zavaleta ◽  
D. M. Smith ◽  
S. M. Gray
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Source Tissue ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

The RMV strain of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-RMV) is an unassigned member of the Luteoviridae that causes barley yellow dwarf in various cereal crops. The virus is most efficiently vectored by the aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis, but can also be vectored with varying efficiency by R. padi and Schizaphis graminum. Field collections of alate aphids migrating into the emerging winter wheat crop in the fall of 1994 in central New York identified a high proportion of R. padi transmitting BYDV-RMV. This prompted a comparison of the BYDV-RMV isolates and the R. padi populations found in the field with type virus and aphid species maintained in the laboratory. A majority of the field isolates of BYDV-RMV were similar to each other and to the type BYDV-RMV isolate in disease severity on oat and in transmission by the laboratory-maintained population of R. maidis and a field-collected population of R. maidis. However, several field populations of R. padi differed in their ability to transmit the various BYDV-RMV isolates. The transmission efficiency of the R. padi clones was increased if acquisition and inoculation feeding periods were allowed at higher temperatures. In addition, the transmission efficiency of BYDV-RMV was significantly influenced by the aphid that inoculated the virus source tissue. In general, BYDV-RMV transmission by R. padi was higher when R. padi was the aphid that inoculated the source tissue than when R. maidis was the inoculating aphid. The magnitude of the change varied among virus isolates and R. padi clones. These results indicate that, under certain environmental conditions, R. padi can play a significant role in the epidemiology of BYDV-RMV. This may be especially significant in regions where corn is a major source of virus and of aphids that can carry virus into a fall-planted wheat crop.

scholarly journals Infection of susceptible/tolerant barley genotypes with Barley yellow dwarf virus alters the host plant preference of Rhopalosiphum padi clones depending upon their ability to transmit BYDV

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kern ◽  
Torsten Meiners ◽  
Edgar Schliephake ◽  
Antje Habekuss ◽  
Frank Ordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Host Plant Preference ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Aphid Clone ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

AbstractDiscovering mechanisms of plant–virus–vector interactions is fundamental to understand their ecology and evolution and to apply this knowledge in plant protection. To study the influence of varying Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) transmission efficiencies on host plant preference of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) clones, we performed host choice experiments with two barley cultivars (BYDV susceptible cv. ‘Rubina’ and BYDV tolerant cv. ‘Vixen’) including healthy and virus-infected plants. For the susceptible barley cultivar ‘Rubina’, aphid clone R07 (high transmission efficiency) preferred BYDV-infected over healthy host plants after 24 h, while clones D10 (medium transmission efficiency) and R09 (low transmission efficiency) preferred neither host. In contrast, BYDV infection of ‘Vixen’ did not affect the plant’s appeal for aphid clone R07. Host plant access, indicated by ingestion and observed by electrical penetration graph technique for a period of 2 h, was facilitated on BYDV-infected cv. ‘Rubina’ for the clones R07 and D10, whereas an opposite effect was observed for the clone R09. For R07 and R09, the difference was not visible after a period of 5 h. As observed earlier for BYDV-infected wheat, enhanced emission of volatile organic compounds associated with virus-induced attraction was detected for BYDV-infected cv. ‘Rubina.’ It is concluded that host plant preference is possibly linked with a high BYDV transmission efficiency as observed for the clone R07, leading to a fitness advantage of this clone as indicated by early increased ingestion. This advantage is not present on BYDV-tolerant genotypes most likely due to the absence of infection symptoms.

Detection of barley yellow dwarf virus in aphids by serologically specific electron microscopy

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Source Plant ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Good Agreement

A procedure employing serologically specific electron microscopy (SSEM) which consistently detected barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in single aphids was developed. Using an antiserum against the Sitobion avenae (SA)-specific variant of BYDV, the virus was detected in aphids after 1 day of acquisition feeding and up to 9 days after removal from the virus source plant. The method was equally effective with alate or apterous aphids. SSEM scores of single aphids for presence of virus showed good agreement with virus transmission by aphids. In addition to the SA-specific variant, the nonspecific and Schizaphis graminum specific variants of the virus were also detected in their vectors Rhopalosiphum padi and S. graminum, respectively, using the antiserum to SA-specific variant. The SA-specific variant was also detected in aphids considered "nonvectors" (R. padi, R. maidis, and S. graminum) when fed on this variant. Application of the procedure for determining the proportion of viruliferous aphids in a population are discussed.

scholarly journals Barley yellow dwarf virus Can Be Inoculated During Brief Intracellular Punctures in Phloem Cells Before the Sieve Element Continuous Salivation Phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Jiménez ◽  
María Arias-Martín ◽  
Aránzazu Moreno ◽  
Elisa Garzo ◽  
Alberto Fereres
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Potential Drop ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Sieve Element ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

The distinguished intracellular stylet puncture called phloem-pd (potential drop [pd]) produced by Myzus persicae has been associated with the transmission of the semipersistently transmitted, phloem-limited Beet yellows virus (BYV, Closterovirus). However, the production of intracellular punctures in phloem cells (phloem-pd) by other aphid species and their role in the transmission of persistently transmitted, phloem-limited viruses are still unknown. Previous studies revealed that inoculation of the persistently transmitted, phloem-limited Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV, Luteovirus) is associated mainly with the sieve element continuous salivation phase (E1 waveform). However, the role of brief intracellular punctures that occur before the E1 phase in the inoculation of BYDV by aphids is unknown. We aimed to investigate whether the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) produced a stereotypical phloem-pd and to study its role in the inoculation of BYDV. The feeding behavior of viruliferous R. padi individuals in barley (Hordeum vulgare) was monitored via the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. The feeding process was artificially terminated after the observation of specific EPG waveforms: standard-pds, phloem-pd, and E1. Analysis of the EPG recordings revealed the production of a phloem-pd pattern by R. padi, in addition to a short, distinct E1-like pattern (short-E1), both resulting in successful inoculation of BYDV. Also, the transmission efficiency of BYDV was directly proportional to the time spent by aphids in intracellular salivation in phloem cells. Finally, we discussed the main differences between the inoculation process of semipersistent and persistently transmitted phloem-limited viruses by aphids.

Annual variation in strains of barley yellow dwarf virus in Manitoba, and the occurrence of greenbug-specific isolates

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1277-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Annual Variation ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
High Degree

Seventeen isolates of the aphid-borne barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), collected in southern Manitoba in 1966, were transmitted from oats to oats most efficiently by Rhopalosiphum padi. They were transmitted also by Macrosiphum avenae and all but two were transmitted by Schizaphis graminum and Acyrthosiphon dirhodum. Most of these isolates were not transmitted by R. maidis.Only 3 of 25 isolates collected in 1967 were transmitted by the five species of aphids in a pattern similar to that of the isolates collected in 1966. Twenty of the remainder were transmitted with a moderate to high degree of specificity by R. maidis, R. padi, or S. graminum. Two of the latter isolates were transmitted only by S. graminum. When the transmissibility of one of the isolates, for which S. graminum was the most efficient vector, was examined more critically, both the relative and the specific efficiency of the three vectors varied with the age of the infection in the source plants, though S. graminum was always the most efficient vector.

Crop loss assessment studies on the effects of barley yellow dwarf virus in wheat in Victoria

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Smith ◽  
RJ Sward
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Individual Grains

The effect of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) infection on grain yield of wheat, cv. Olympic, was determined over 3 years at three sites in Victoria in field plots inoculated with infective Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). Inoculation before tillering lowered grain yields by 9-79 %, whereas inoculation at early stem extension lowered yields by only 6-9 %. There was a linear relationship between the percentage of plants infected with BYDV at an early stage of growth and grain yield at all sites. Other components of yield affected included numbers of tillers, numbers of heads with sterile terminal spikelets, grain weight per head and weight of individual grains.

Survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus incidence in winter cereal crops, and assessment of wheat and barley resistance to the virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Beoni ◽  
Jana Chrpová ◽  
Jana Jarošová ◽  
Jiban Kumar Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

A survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) incidence in cereal crops in the Czech Republic over 4 years showed, on average, 13.3% BYDV-positive, randomly tested wheat and barley samples. The cultivated wheat and barley cultivars had different levels of susceptibility to BYDV infection. Field trials were performed with different barley and wheat breeding lines and cultivars, and resistance traits were evaluated after artificial inculcation by the viruliferous aphid vector Rhopalosiphum padi L. with BYDV-PAV. Our results showed high variability of visual symptom score (VSS) and reduction in grain weight per spike (GWS-R) in trials within the tested lines and cultivars. The barley line (WBON 96-123) and cultivars (Wysor, Travira) that contained RYd2 differed significantly from other cultivars in VSS. Line WBON 96-123 and cvv. Wysor and Yatzi showed the lowest GWS-R. Wheat line PSR 3628 and cvv. Altigo, Elan, Sparta, Aladin and Hewit showed significant difference from other cultivars in VSS. PSR 3628, Sparta, and Elan showed the lowest GWS-R. Similar results were obtained from BYDV titre analysis by RT-qPCR corresponding to the VSS and GWS-R traits. A low virus titre corresponded to low VSS and GWS-R. Hence, our results suggest that laborious and time-consuming GWS-R analysis could be replaced in some cases by qPCR-based BYDV titre analysis and, together with VSS evaluation, could enhance the efficiency of resistance assessment.

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