Mass Rearing of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) Fruit Flies: A Demographic Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Liedo ◽  
James R. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Demographic Analysis

Mass Rearing of Fruit Flies: A Demographic Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Pablo Liedo ◽  
James R. Carey ◽  
Roger I. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Demographic Analysis

Demographic Analysis of Insect Mass Rearing: A Case Study of Three Tephritids

1985 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Carey ◽  
Roger I. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Demographic Analysis

scholarly journals Diet and irradiation effects on the bacterial community composition and structure in the gut of domesticated teneral and mature Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deane N. Woruba ◽  
Jennifer L. Morrow ◽  
Olivia L. Reynolds ◽  
Toni A. Chapman ◽  
Damian P. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Adult Diet

Abstract Background Mass-rearing, domestication and gamma irradiation of tephritid fruit flies used in sterile insect technique (SIT) programmes can negatively impact fly quality and performance. Symbiotic bacteria supplied as probiotics to mass-reared fruit flies may help to overcome some of these issues. However, the effects of tephritid ontogeny, sex, diet and irradiation on their microbiota are not well known. Results We have used next-generation sequencing to characterise the bacterial community composition and structure within Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), by generating 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries derived from the guts of 58 individual teneral and mature, female and male, sterile and fertile adult flies reared on artificial larval diets in a laboratory or mass-rearing environment, and fed either a full adult diet (i.e. sugar and yeast hydrolysate) or a sugar only adult diet. Overall, the amplicon sequence read volume in tenerals was low and smaller than in mature adult flies. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs), belonging to the families Enterobacteriaceae (8 OTUs) and Acetobacteraceae (1 OTU) were most prevalent. Enterobacteriaceae dominated laboratory-reared tenerals from a colony fed a carrot-based larval diet, while Acetobacteraceae dominated mass-reared tenerals from a production facility colony fed a lucerne chaff based larval diet. As adult flies matured, Enterobacteriaceae became dominant irrespective of larval origin. The inclusion of yeast in the adult diet strengthened this shift away from Acetobacteraceae towards Enterobacteriaceae. Interestingly, irradiation increased 16S rRNA gene sequence read volume. Conclusions Our findings suggest that bacterial populations in fruit flies experience significant bottlenecks during metamorphosis. Gut bacteria in teneral flies were less abundant and less diverse, and impacted by colony origin. In contrast, mature adult flies had selectively increased abundances for some gut bacteria, or acquired these bacteria from the adult diet and environment. Furthermore, irradiation augmented bacterial abundance in mature flies. This implies that either some gut bacteria were compensating for damage caused by irradiation or irradiated flies had lost their ability to regulate bacterial load. Our findings suggest that the adult stage prior to sexual maturity may be ideal to target for probiotic manipulation of fly microbiota to increase fly performance in SIT programmes.

scholarly journals Tephritid-microbial interactions to enhance fruit fly performance in sterile insect technique programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ania T. Deutscher ◽  
Toni A. Chapman ◽  
Lucas A. Shuttleworth ◽  
Markus Riegler ◽  
Olivia L. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

Abstract Background The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is being applied for the management of economically important pest fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a number of countries worldwide. The success and cost effectiveness of SIT depends upon the ability of mass-reared sterilized male insects to successfully copulate with conspecific wild fertile females when released in the field. Methods We conducted a critical analysis of the literature about the tephritid gut microbiome including the advancement of methods for the identification and characterization of microbiota, particularly next generation sequencing, the impacts of irradiation (to induce sterility of flies) and fruit fly rearing, and the use of probiotics to manipulate the fruit fly gut microbiota. Results Domestication, mass-rearing, irradiation and handling, as required in SIT, may change the structure of the fruit flies’ gut microbial community compared to that of wild flies under field conditions. Gut microbiota of tephritids are important in their hosts’ development, performance and physiology. Knowledge of how mass-rearing and associated changes of the microbial community impact the functional role of the bacteria and host biology is limited. Probiotics offer potential to encourage a gut microbial community that limits pathogens, and improves the quality of fruit flies. Conclusions Advances in technologies used to identify and characterize the gut microbiota will continue to expand our understanding of tephritid gut microbial diversity and community composition. Knowledge about the functions of gut microbes will increase through the use of gnotobiotic models, genome sequencing, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metabolomics and metaproteomics. The use of probiotics, or manipulation of the gut microbiota, offers significant opportunities to enhance the production of high quality, performing fruit flies in operational SIT programs.

scholarly journals Agar and Carrageenan as Cost-Effective Gelling Agents in Yeast-Reduced Artificial Diets for Mass-Rearing Fruit Flies and Their Parasitoids

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Pascacio-Villafán ◽  
Larissa Guillén ◽  
Martín Aluja
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Gelling Agents ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Diet Cost

The development of cost-effective diets for mass-rearing fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their parasitoids in pest control programs based on the Sterile Insect Technique is a high priority worldwide. To this end, we tested carrageenan, agar, gelatin and two types of pregelatinized corn starches as gelling agents at varying percentages in a yeast-reduced liquid larval diet for rearing the Mexfly, Anastrepha ludens. Only diets with 0.234% (w/w) agar or 0.424% carrageenan were identified as diets with potential for mass-rearing A. ludens in terms of the number of pupae recovered from the diet, pupal weight, adult emergence, flight ability and diet cost. Comparative experiments showed that yeast-reduced agar and carrageenan gel diets produced heavier pupae and higher proportions of flying adults than the standard mass-rearing diet. The gel-agar and mass-rearing diets produced more pupae than the gel-carrageenan diet, but the latter produced more suitable larvae as hosts for rearing of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) females, a widely used fruit fly biocontrol agent. Yeast-reduced agar and carrageenan gel diets could represent cost-effective fruit fly mass-rearing diets if a practical system for gel diet preparation and dispensation at fruit fly mass-rearing facilities is developed.

Tephritidae bacterial symbionts: potentials for pest management

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Noman ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
Z. Bai ◽  
Z. Li
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symbiotic Associations

AbstractTephritidae is a large family that includes several fruit and vegetable pests. These organisms usually harbor a variegated bacterial community in their digestive systems. Symbiotic associations of bacteria and fruit flies have been well-studied in the generaAnastrepha, Bactrocera, Ceratitis,andRhagoletis.Molecular and culture-based techniques indicate that many genera of the Enterobacteriaceae family, especially the genera ofKlebsiella, Enterobacter, Pectobacterium, Citrobacter, Erwinia,andProvidenciaconstitute the most prevalent populations in the gut of fruit flies. The function of symbiotic bacteria provides a promising strategy for the biological control of insect pests. Gut bacteria can be used for controlling fruit fly through many ways, including attracting as odors, enhancing the success of sterile insect technique, declining the pesticide resistance, mass rearing of parasitoids and so on. New technology and recent research improved our knowledge of the gut bacteria diversity and function, which increased their potential for pest management. In this review, we discussed the diversity of bacteria in the economically important fruit fly and the use of these bacteria for controlling fruit fly populations. All the information is important for strengthening the future research of new strategies developed for insect pest control by the understanding of symbiotic relationships and multitrophic interactions between host plant and insects.

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