Response of Douglas-Fir Cone and Seed Insects to Implants of Systemic Insecticides in a Northern California Forest and a Southern Oregon Seed Orchard

1993 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Stein ◽  
Roger E. Sandquist ◽  
Thomas W. Koerber ◽  
Charles L. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Systemic Insecticides ◽  
Cone And Seed Insects ◽  
Seed Insects

DISPERSAL OF CONE AND SEED INSECTS TO AN ISOLATED DOUGLAS-FIR TREE IN WESTERN OREGON

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 1437-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Schowalter
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Cone And Seed Insects ◽  
Seed Insects

Cone and seed insects frequently cause severe losses to Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed production in the Pacific Northwest (Hedlin et al. 1981; Ruth 1980). Two of the major species west of the Cascades are the Douglas-fir cone gall midge (Contarinia oregonensis Foote (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)) and the Douglas-fir seed chalcid (Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae)). These two species are host specific on Douglas fir and exhibit an extended diapause in which more than 50% of each year's cohort may remain in diapause under host trees for 1 or more years (Annila 1982; Hedlin 1961; Hedlin et al. 1981; Johnson 1962). The economic and biological costs of chemical control have supported recommendation of alternative control measures, particularly (1) establishing seed orchards some distance from sources of coneand seed-insect populations, and (2) removing all cones and burning litter as a means of reducing such populations (Hedlin et al. 1981; Ruth 1980). The success of these two options depends on the dispersal strategies of cone and seed insects (Johnson 1962), but information on dispersal has been lacking. The purpose of this study was to obtain such information.

scholarly journals Systemic Insecticide Injections for Control of Cone and Seed Insects in Loblolly Pine Seed Orchards—2 Year Results

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Grosman ◽  
William W. Upton ◽  
Frank A. McCook ◽  
Ronald F. Billings
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Systemic Insecticide ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Cone And Seed Insects ◽  
Seed Insects

Abstract Three systemic insecticide treatments, emamectin benzoate alone, imidacloprid alone, and a combination of emamectin benzoate and thiamethoxam, were injected one or two times into loblolly pine,Pinus taeda L., during a 2 yr period in a seed orchard in east Texas. Single injections of treatments containing emamectin benzoate reduced coneworm (Dioryctria spp.) damage by 94–97% during the study period. A second injection after 1 yr did not improve protection. Imidacloprid also significantly reduced coneworm damage in 1999, but not in 2000. Significant reductions in damage from pine seed bugs (Tetyra bipunctata Say andLeptoglossus corculus Herrich-Schaffer) and an increase in the number of full seeds per cone resulted from imidacloprid and thiamethoxam treatments and to a lesser extent from emamectin benzoate. Yearly injections of imidacloprid or thiamethoxam were required to maintain protection against seed bugs. The best overall treatment, two injections of emamectin benzoate plus thiamethoxam, reduced cone and seed losses from insects by 86%. South. J. Appl. For. 26(3):146–152.

When Is Controlling Cone and Seed Insects in Douglas-fir Seed Orchards Justified?

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 304-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Cone And Seed Insects ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Seed Insects

Data from operational applications of dimethoate at two Douglas-fir seed orchards in British Columbia were used as base-lines for a benefit: cost analysis of protection of seed from cone and seed insects. Applications were economically justifiable provided that cone crop size and increased seed yield are above critical threshold values for given seed values and application costs. Sampling techniques for estimating crop size and insect infestation levels and expected damage are requisites for efficient orchard management where crop size and infestation levels fluctuate.

Impact of Cone and Seed Insects in a Red Pine Seed Orchard

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-206
Author(s):  
Steven A. Katovich ◽  
Herbert M. Kulman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Seed Cone ◽  
Cone And Seed Insects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Seed Insects

Abstract The impact of cone and seed insects was studied in a southern Wisconsin red pine seed orchard in 1985. Insects destroyed 66.5% of the cones and may have caused the early spring abortion of 8.3% of the cones. Twenty-five percent of the cones survived; however, the average sound seed/cone was less than one. Seed-worms destroyed 30.5% of the developed seed and 67.0% was empty. North. J. Appl. For. 4:204-206, December 1987.

1- AND 2-YEAR DORMANCY OF THE DOUGLAS-FIR CONE MOTH, BARBARA COLFAXANA KFT. (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE): POSSIBLE RELATION TO INDIVIDUAL WEIGHTS

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1153-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Sahota ◽  
A. Ibaraki
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Teleological Reasoning ◽  
Higher Weights ◽  
Cone And Seed Insects ◽  
Seed Insects

Many cone and seed insects exhibit a dormancy in which the individuals may undergo a diapause that lasts 1, 2, or more winters and the proportion of 1-year diapause (1YD) and 2-year diapause (2YD) varies from year to year (Hedlin et al. 1980). Thus, segregating the two diapause types carries a practical importance for forecasting the attacking adult population in a given year. Based primarily on teleological reasoning it has been argued that insects committed to a longer dormancy may have higher weights with metabolites to sustain survival for a longer period. Individual weights have been examined with the hope of separating 1YD from 2YD individuals.

Insecticides for Seed Orchards—A Case Study in Applied Research

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
J. P. van Buijtenen
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Cooperative Effort ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Federal Organizations ◽  
Cone And Seed Insects ◽  
Seed Insects

Abstract In 1973 the control of cone and seed insects was the most serious problem facing the seed orchard manager, but no pesticides were registered for that particular use. The Southern Seed Orchard Pest Committee was formed to address itself to this problem. Through a cooperative effort of industry, universities, state, and federal organizations, some of the major problems were solved and registration of two insecticides obtained in slightly less than three years.

scholarly journals CONESYS: A Data Collection, Database, and Decision Support System for Making Insect Pest Management Decisions in Seed Orchards

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter de Groot ◽  
Frank Schnekenburger ◽  
Richard A. Fleming ◽  
Jean J. Turgeon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Cone And Seed Insects ◽  
Seed Insects

Abstract This paper provides an overview of CONESYS, a computer software package designed to assist seed orchard managers to collect, process, and store information about the quality and quantity of seed orchard crops. CONESYS also contains a database on cone and seed insects, registered pest control products and their efficacy, and a decision support program that determines the costs and benefits of various pest management options. North. J. Appl. For. 15(3):154-157.

CONE AND SEED INSECTS IN DOUGLAS-FIR, PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII (MIRB.) FRANCO, SEED ORCHARDS IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES: DISTRIBUTION AND RELATIVE IMPACT

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 1223-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.D. Schowalter ◽  
M.I. Haverty ◽  
T.W. Koerber
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Or Management ◽  
Dioryctria Abietivorella ◽  
Explained Variation ◽  
Cone And Seed Insects ◽  
Seed Insects

AbstractDouglas-fir cones were collected from 17 seed orchards in California, Oregon, and Washington in the fall of 1983. Cones were completely dissected and seed losses ascribed to the Douglas-fir cone gall midge (Contarinia oregonensis (Foote)), the Douglas-fir seed chalcid (Megastigmus spermotrophus (Wachtl)), the Douglas-fir cone moth (Barbara colfaxiana (Kearfott)), and the fir coneworm (Dioryctria abietivorella (Groté)). There appear to be great differences between orchards, but overall C. oregonensis and M. spermotrophus collectively destroyed approximately 70% of the filled seed. Physiographic province significantly (P<0.05) explained variation in damage by all insect species between seed orchards. In general, damage by all species increased from northern provinces to southern mountainous provinces. Damage by C. oregonensis and B. colfaxiana appeared to be related to land use or management factors, as well.

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