Monitoring and Characterization of Insecticide Resistance Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Four Western States

1993 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Varela ◽  
S. C. Welter ◽  
V. P. Jones ◽  
J. F. Brunner ◽  
H. Riedl
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Codling Moth

Functional characterization of a novel λ‐cyhalothrin metabolizing glutathione S ‐transferase, CpGSTe3, from the codling moth Cydia pomonella

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 1039-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Hu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Di Ju ◽  
Gao‐Man Chen ◽  
Xiao‐Ling Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase

The Sterile Male Technique and its Possible Use for Codling Moth Eradication

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 143-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Proverbs
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Sterile Male ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
Economical Method ◽  
Beneficial Insects ◽  
The World ◽  
Dominant Lethality

Chemicals must be used to control the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.), in most apple and pear growing areas throughout the world. Unfortunately, this practice has caused or contributed to greatly increased mite populations, decimation of many beneficial insects, insecticide resistance, soil poisoning, and other problems. Successful use of the sterile male technique against the codling moth would eliminate or alleviate a number of these problems. This technique consists essentially in the sustained over-flooding of the native population with sexually sterile males. The main prerequisites for its use include: (1) a method of inducing sterility or dominant lethality in the sperm without affecting normal behaviour or longevity of the male, (2) the released insects themselves must not be injurious or noxious, ( 3 ) the method of release should permit intimate mingling of the sterile males with the native population, and (4) the availability of an economical method of mass culturing the insect. Photographs illustrate how these prerequisites were investigated for the codling moth.

Molecular and biochemical characterization of a sand fly population from Sri Lanka: evidence for insecticide resistance due to altered esterases and insensitive acetylcholinesterase

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Surendran ◽  
S.H.P.P. Karunaratne ◽  
Z. Adamsn ◽  
J. Hemingway ◽  
N.J. Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases ◽  
Sand Flies

AbstractWith an increasing incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka, particularly in northern provinces, insecticide-mediated vector control is under consideration. Optimizing such a strategy requires the characterization of sand fly populations in target areas with regard to species composition and extant resistance, among other parameters. Sand flies were collected by human bait and cattle-baited net traps on Delft Island, used as an illegal transit location by many refugees returning to the north of Sri Lanka from southern India where leishmaniasis is endemic. For species identification, genomic DNA was extracted and a fragment of the ribosomal 18S gene amplified. The sequence from all flies analysed matched that of Phlebotomus argentipes Annandale & Brunetti, the primary vector in India and the most likely vector in Sri Lanka. Independent morphological analysis also identified P. argentipes. To establish the current susceptibility status of vector species, data were obtained at the biochemical level, from which potential cross-resistance to alternative insecticides can be predicted. The Delft Island collection was assayed for the activities of four enzyme systems involved in insecticide resistance (acetylcholinesterase, non-specific carboxylesterases, glutathione-S-transferases and cytochrome p450 monooxygenases), establishing baselines against which subsequent collections can be evaluated. There was preliminary evidence for elevated esterases and altered acetylcholinesterase in this population, the first report of these resistance mechanisms in sand flies to our knowledge, which probably arose from the malathion-based spraying regimes of the Anti-Malarial Campaign.

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