Variation of Hydroxamic Acid Content in Maize Roots in Relation to Geographic Origin of Maize Germ Plasm and Resistance to Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 2478-2485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongshou Xie ◽  
Thor J. Arnason ◽  
Bernard J. R. Philogène ◽  
H. T. Olechowski ◽  
Robert Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Hydroxamic Acid ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Maize Germ

Hydroxamic acid content in maize (Zea mays) roots of 18 Ontario recommended hybrids and prediction of antibiosis to the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Assabgui ◽  
J. T. Arnason ◽  
R. I. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxamic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Hydroxamic Acids ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte

High performance liquid chromatography was used to assess concentrations of hydroxamic acids in maize root extracts of 18 greenhouse-grown hybrids recommended in Ontario. On the basis of hydroxamic acid concentrations, low-level antibiosis against the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte was predicted for the majority of these (1990) hybrids, when grown under field conditions. Key words: Antibiosis, Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica, DIMBOA, hydroxamic acids, maize hybrids

scholarly journals Up-regulation of apoptotic- and cell survival-related gene pathways following exposures of western corn rootworm to B. thuringiensis crystalline pesticidal proteins in transgenic maize roots

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad S. Coates ◽  
Emeline Deleury ◽  
Aaron J. Gassmann ◽  
Bruce E. Hibbard ◽  
Lance J. Meinke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Significant Differential Expression ◽  
Maize Roots

Abstract Background Resistance of pest insect species to insecticides, including B. thuringiensis (Bt) pesticidal proteins expressed by transgenic plants, is a threat to global food security. Despite the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, being a major pest of maize and having populations showing increasing levels of resistance to hybrids expressing Bt pesticidal proteins, the cell mechanisms leading to mortality are not fully understood. Results Twenty unique RNA-seq libraries from the Bt susceptible D. v. virgifera inbred line Ped12, representing all growth stages and a range of different adult and larval exposures, were assembled into a reference transcriptome. Ten-day exposures of Ped12 larvae to transgenic Bt Cry3Bb1 and Gpp34/Tpp35Ab1 maize roots showed significant differential expression of 1055 and 1374 transcripts, respectively, compared to cohorts on non-Bt maize. Among these, 696 were differentially expressed in both Cry3Bb1 and Gpp34/Tpp35Ab1 maize exposures. Differentially-expressed transcripts encoded protein domains putatively involved in detoxification, metabolism, binding, and transport, were, in part, shared among transcripts that changed significantly following exposures to the entomopathogens Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Metarhizium anisopliae. Differentially expressed transcripts in common between Bt and entomopathogen treatments encode proteins in general stress response pathways, including putative Bt binding receptors from the ATP binding cassette transporter superfamily. Putative caspases, pro- and anti-apoptotic factors, as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-response factors were identified among transcripts uniquely up-regulated following exposure to either Bt protein. Conclusions Our study suggests that the up-regulation of genes involved in ER stress management and apoptotic progression may be important in determining cell fate following exposure of susceptible D. v. virgifera larvae to Bt maize roots. This study provides novel insights into insect response to Bt intoxication, and a possible framework for future investigations of resistance mechanisms.

scholarly journals Repellent Effects of Methyl Anthranilate on Western Corn Rootworm Larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Soil Bioassays

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 683-690
Author(s):  
E J Bernklau ◽  
B E Hibbard ◽  
L B Bjostad
Keyword(s):  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Methyl Anthranilate ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Unsterilized Soil ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte

Abstract Methyl anthranilate (MA), a compound in maize roots that is repellent to western corn rootworm larvae (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) was tested in behavioral bioassays in a soil environment. MA prevented larvae from locating roots of a maize seedling, and the repellency strengthened with increasing rates of MA. In a simple push–pull strategy between an MA-treated seedling and an untreated seedling, granules containing 0.1 mg/g MA pushed larvae to the untreated seedling. This push effect increased with dose, with 90% repellency observed for the highest dose tested (100 mg/g). Chemical analysis showed that MA concentrations remained high for 4 wk in dry, sterilized or unsterilized soil, but declined rapidly in moist soil. After 7 d, 50% less MA was recovered in moist, sterilized soil than in dry soil, and only a trace of MA remained in unsterilized moist soil, suggesting that both moisture and microbial activity contributed to the loss of MA. Various (MA) carrier granules were tested in bioassays after aging in moist soil. After 1 d, all of the MA granules were repellent at the 10 mg/g rate and clay granules were also effective at 1 mg/g. After 1 wk, only molecular sieve granules elicited repellency, but that activity disappeared after 2 wk. These results demonstrate that MA is repellent to western corn rootworm larvae in the soil environment and may have potential as a rootworm treatment if formulations can be developed that protect the material from decomposition in the soil.

Mortality of Western Corn Rootworm Larvae on MIR604 Transgenic Maize Roots: Field Survivorship Has No Significant Impact on Survivorship of F1 Progeny on MIR604

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 2187-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Hibbard ◽  
Thomas L. Clark ◽  
Mark R. Ellersieck ◽  
Lisa N. Meihls ◽  
Ahmed A. El Khishen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Transgenic Maize ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
F1 Progeny

scholarly journals Laser ablation tomography for visualization of root colonization by edaphic organisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (19) ◽  
pp. 5327-5342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher F Strock ◽  
Hannah M Schneider ◽  
Tania Galindo-Castañeda ◽  
Benjamin T Hall ◽  
Bart Van Gansbeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Maize Roots

Abstract Soil biota have important effects on crop productivity, but can be difficult to study in situ. Laser ablation tomography (LAT) is a novel method that allows for rapid, three-dimensional quantitative and qualitative analysis of root anatomy, providing new opportunities to investigate interactions between roots and edaphic organisms. LAT was used for analysis of maize roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, maize roots herbivorized by western corn rootworm, barley roots parasitized by cereal cyst nematode, and common bean roots damaged by Fusarium. UV excitation of root tissues affected by edaphic organisms resulted in differential autofluorescence emission, facilitating the classification of tissues and anatomical features. Samples were spatially resolved in three dimensions, enabling quantification of the volume and distribution of fungal colonization, western corn rootworm damage, nematode feeding sites, tissue compromised by Fusarium, and as well as root anatomical phenotypes. Owing to its capability for high-throughput sample imaging, LAT serves as an excellent tool to conduct large, quantitative screens to characterize genetic control of root anatomy and interactions with edaphic organisms. Additionally, this technology improves interpretation of root–organism interactions in relatively large, opaque root segments, providing opportunities for novel research investigating the effects of root anatomical phenes on associations with edaphic organisms.

scholarly journals LEVEL OF LARVAL ATACK ON MAIZE ROOTS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL INFESTATION WITH WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM EGGS

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Snežana TANASKOVIĆ ◽  
Branka POPOVIĆ ◽  
Sonja GVOZDENAC ◽  
Zsolt KARPÁTI ◽  
Csengele BÓGNAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Maize Field ◽  
Artificial Infestation ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Vojvodina Province

The Western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera sp. virgifera(Col.,Chrysomelidae), is an oligophagous pest native in America. WCR is a maizepest present in all regions of the Corn Belt. It is an invasive species which was, inEurope, first identified in Serbia, in 1992, near the Belgrade airport. The presenceof this pest in maize field can cause losses and plant damages up to 100%. A fieldexperiment was carried out in Bečej, Vojvodina province (Serbia), during 2014 and2015. In the field, 96 plants (maize cultivar NS 640), arranged in 48 pairs wereselected. Each pair consisted of one plant artificially infested with WCR eggs (Dplant) and the control plant (C plant). In both years, the experiment in the field wasregularly inspected, once a week. During each observation, the presence of "gooseneck" symptoms was recorded, and the number of plants damaged by the mostimportant stem boring and leaf feeding insects (Ostrinia nubilalis, Helicoverpaarmigera, H. zeae, aphids, mites, cicadas, etc. ) was counted. Root damages wereassessed at the end of the experiment (September), according to Ostlie and Notzel(1987), on scale 1-6. Comparing the root damages on C and D plants, less rootdamages were established on C plants. Only six i. e. four D plants had healthy roots(rate 1) during 2014 and 2015, respectively. Between D plants in 2014, the mostdamaged were14 plants, with the rate 3 (least one root chewed to within 1½ inches(3. 8 cm) of the plant). In 2015, severe damages were registered on 18 plants,which were ranked as level 6 (with three or more nodes destroyed). Only two Cplants during vegetation 2014-2015were registered with damages with rate 5 (twonodes destroyed) and rate 6 (three or more nodes destroyed), respectively.

scholarly journals Mortality impact of MON863 transgenic maize roots on western corn rootworm larvae in the field

2012 ◽  
Vol 136 (10) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Clark ◽  
D. L. Frank ◽  
B. W. French ◽  
L. J. Meinke ◽  
D. Moellenbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Transgenic Maize ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Maize Roots

Mortality Impact of Bt Transgenic Maize Roots Expressing eCry3.1Ab, mCry3A, and eCry3.1Ab Plus mCry3A on Western Corn Rootworm Larvae in the Field

2011 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1584-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Hibbard ◽  
Daniel L. Frank ◽  
Ryan Kurtz ◽  
Eric Boudreau ◽  
Mark R. Ellersieck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Transgenic Maize ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Maize Roots
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