Forecasting Hydraecia immanis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Moth Phenology Based on Light Trap Catches and Degree-Day Accumulations

Eli Levine

doi:10.1093/jee/82.2.433

Light-trap catches of African armyworm moths, Spodoptera exempta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in relation to rain and wind

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300008907 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 315-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

M. R. Tucker

Keyword(s):

East Africa ◽

Light Trap ◽

Spodoptera Exempta ◽

Trap Catch ◽

Early Season ◽

African Armyworm ◽

Light Wind ◽

Trap Catches ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽

Very High

AbstractThe association between weather and light-trap catches of Spodoptera exempta (Wlk.) was examined for four traps in East Africa, using whole–night catches and several years' data. Large increases in trap catch were found to be (1) significantly associated with rain at all four traps for the period December–March, but not for later in the season; (2) significantly associated with light wind periods at Muguga for December–May, but not later in the year, and not at Nakuru, due to the very high overall frequency of light winds there; and (3) not significantly associated with windshifts at either Muguga or Nakuru. These results suggest that high densities of flying moths, which may give rise to caterpillar outbreaks early in the year, often occur where the rather infrequent early–season rains fall.

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The incidence and distribution of the armyworms Mythimna convecta (walker) and Persectania spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their parasitoids in major agricultural districts of Victoria, south-eastern australia

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300014693 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 199-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

G. McDonald ◽

A. M. Smith

Keyword(s):

Light Trapping ◽

Light Trap ◽

Field Studies ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Crop Damage ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Two Generations ◽

Regular Sampling ◽

Trap Catches ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractField studies of Mythimna convecta (Walker), Persectania ewingii (Westwood) and P. dyscrita Common, and their associated parasitoids, were conducted in cereals and pastures in Victoria, Australia, in 1980–83. The study included a survey of the armyworm fauna in the major agricultural districts, detailed phenological studies within five oat crops, and ultraviolet-light trapping of adults. M. convecta was the most abundant species in cereals and was found more commonly in the warmer months of spring and summer in all districts. Larval development in oat crops during spring was preceded by little moth activity in light traps. P. ewingii was common in the southern districts and in the cooler months from May to September. It was the most prevalent armyworm species in pastures and rarely occurred in barley. P. dyscrita was the least abundant species and occurred mostly in the drier inland areas, particularly in the west. Light-trap catches of P. ewingii and P. dyscrita suggested there were two generations, one in spring and one in the autumn. Regular sampling in oat crops showed that M. convecta developed faster and was usually more abundant than P. ewingii during seed development and ripening, and hence had the potential to inflict more crop damage. Of the 17 species of parasitoids reared from field-collected larvae, the wasp Campoletis sp. was the most abundant. In 1980–82, average parasitism ranged from 13 to 16% but fell to 2% after the drought of 1982.

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Some effects of weather and moonlight on light-trap catches of the army-worm, Spodoptera exempta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), at Muguga, Kenya

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300009512 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 533-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

R. J. Douthwaite

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Wind Direction ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Light Trap ◽

Spodoptera Exempta ◽

Wind Speeds ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Trap Catches ◽

The Relationship ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe effects of wind speed, wind direction, strong moonlight and rainfall on hourly light-trap catches of adult Spodoptera exempta (Wlk.) made at Muguga, Kenya, between January and June in 1970 and 1971 were investigated. The highest catches occurred in winds of 2–3 m/s, but generally, fewer moths were caught as wind speed increased. In totally dark hours the geometric mean catch at wind speeds of 5–6 m/s was about one-tenth that at 0–1 m/s. The relationship between catch and wind speed changed between January and June. Wind direction and change in direction were not significantly related to catch. The geometric means of catches made in strong moonlight were about one-tenth those in total darkness at comparable wind speeds. Rainfall was associated with higher catches in seven out of eight months, but the differences were significant in only two months. Recognition of the association between light winds and large numbers of S. exempta should assist forecasting, but a fuller understanding of the relationship between light-trap catch and population requires a method of population assessment that is independent of the effects of weather and moonlight.

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TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT AND OVIPOSITION OF PERIDROMA SAUCIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent113891-10 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 113 (10) ◽

pp. 891-897 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

D. E. Simonet ◽

S. L. Clement ◽

W. L. Rubink ◽

Roy W. Rings

Keyword(s):

Light Trap ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Peridroma Saucia ◽

Developmental Thresholds ◽

Temperature Requirements ◽

Variegated Cutworm ◽

Trap Catches ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽

Development Threshold

AbstractStudies were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions to determine the effect of temperature on development and oviposition of the variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia (Hübner). Developmental thresholds and Celsius degree days necessary for completion of a given stage are: egg (threshold 5.6°C) = 89 DD; larvae (threshold 6.2°C) = 387 DD; pupa (threshold 8.5°C) = 210 DD; and total development (threshold 7.2°C) = 676 DD. The threshold for oviposition was 3.5°C with 128 DD necessary for oviposition to occur.Light trap catches of variegated cutworm moths from 1965 to 1979 were plotted as a function of accumulated heat units based on laboratory data. For the 15-year period, peaks of activity occur at 500 and 1200 DD based on 7.2°C threshold. The data generated in this study would be utilized best in an alert network for determining when scouting should occur, based on peak capture of variegated cutworm moths.

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A unified degree day model describes survivorship of Copitarsia corruda Pogue & Simmons (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at different constant temperatures

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485308006111 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 65-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N.N. Gómez ◽

R.C. Venette ◽

J.R. Gould ◽

D.F. Winograd

Keyword(s):

Survival Curve ◽

The United States ◽

Physiological Age ◽

Alien Invasive Species ◽

Temperature Threshold ◽

Base Temperature ◽

Survival Curves ◽

Degree Day ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractPredictions of survivorship are critical to quantify the probability of establishment by an alien invasive species, but survival curves rarely distinguish between the effects of temperature on development versus senescence. We report chronological and physiological age-based survival curves for a potentially invasive noctuid, recently described as Copitarsia corruda Pogue & Simmons, collected from Peru and reared on asparagus at six constant temperatures between 9.7 and 34.5°C. Copitarsia spp. are not known to occur in the United States but are routinely intercepted at ports of entry. Chronological age survival curves differ significantly among temperatures. Survivorship at early age after hatch is greatest at lower temperatures and declines as temperature increases. Mean longevity was 220 (±13 SEM) days at 9.7°C. Physiological age survival curves constructed with developmental base temperature (7.2°C) did not correspond to those constructed with a senescence base temperature (5.9°C). A single degree day survival curve with an appropriate temperature threshold based on senescence adequately describes survivorship under non-stress temperature conditions (5.9–24.9°C).

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The influence of behaviour modifying chemicals on mating success of the red bollworm Diparopsis castanea Hmps. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in Malawi

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300006684 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 279-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

R. J. Marks

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromone ◽

Sexual Attraction ◽

Practical Method ◽

Pheromone Trap ◽

Cotton Field ◽

Field Cage ◽

Synthetic Sex Pheromone ◽

Trap Catches ◽

First Time ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe synthetic sex pheromone (dicastalure) of the red bollworm of cotton, Diparopsis castanea Hmps., in Central and Southern Africa, and an inhibitor of male sexual attraction (trans-9-dodecenyl acetate,=IIA), were used in an enclosed 0·2 ha cotton field-cage to reduce successful female matings. Over one month dicastalure at 21·0 and 42·3 g/ha produced average reductions in mating of 47·9% and 72·5% respectively and 37·9 g IIA/ha produced an overall reduction in mating of 71·5%, or 79·5% in released moth populations, over the same period. The proportion of virgin females present in disruption situations was significantly greater than in untreated populations and was density-independent for moth populations of up to 2 200/ha. The proportion of fertile eggs in disruption situations was correspondingly reduced to 30·2% from an average of 67·9% in control cycles. Reduction in sex pheromone trap catches is an unsatisfactory indicator of the extent to which males are prevented from inseminating females and considerably over-estimates the true degree of disruption. This is the first time that a naturally occurring inhibitor has been used successfully to disrupt mating in a field population of insects and it indicates the potential of the method for the control of high density pest populations in cotton. However, use of polyethylene dispensing mechanisms similar to those used in the field-cage disruption experiments would be unsuitable as a practical method of dispensing behaviour modifying chemicals and it is suggested that, for suitably controlled release of such chemicals, currently available microencapsulation technology offers the best prospects.

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Bluetongue virus in a Nigerian dairy cattle herd: 1. Serological studies and correlation of virus activity to vector population

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400028849 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 177-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

K. A. J. Herniman ◽

J. P. T. Boorman ◽

W. P. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Bluetongue Virus ◽

Light Trap ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Decay Rates ◽

Vector Population ◽

Virus Activity ◽

Serological Studies ◽

Trap Catches

SUMMARYNewborn calves were bled at monthly intervals and examined for serum antibodies to bluetongue virus (BTV). Maternal immunity persisted for 3 months and it was possible to calculate decay rates for virus neutralizing antibody. Calves were subclinically infected with BTV within a few months of becoming susceptible and neutralization tests were used to deduce the serotype responsible. A profile of virus activity was built up over a 12 month period. Frequent light trap catches were used to examine the population dynamics of suspected Culicoides vector species. Two species, imicola and schultzei were present throughout the wet and dry seasons and survival rates were sufficiently long to account for virus transmission at any time of the year.

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