Resistance to Pyrethroid Insecticides in the Spotted Tentiform Leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), in Southern Ontario

1986 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Pree ◽  
D. B. Marshall ◽  
D. E. Archibald
Keyword(s):  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Phyllonorycter Blancardella

RESISTANCE OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE), TO ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS INSECTICIDES IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Pree ◽  
E. A. C. Hagley ◽  
C. M. Simpson ◽  
A. Hikichi
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Pyrethroid ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Phyllonorycter Blancardella ◽  
Organophosphorous Insecticides

AbstractPopulations of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.), from sprayed orchards across southern Ontario were found highly resistant (about 160-fold at LC50) to azinphosmethyl. Cross resistance to phosmet and partial cross resistance to diazinon were also indicated. All populations were highly susceptible to several synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. Resistant populations were controlled with pyrethroid insecticides applied when eggs were first found or by methomyl applied at about 50% hatch.

RELATIVE TOXICITY OF SIX INSECTICIDES TO MALE AND FEMALE PHOLETESOR ORNIGIS (WEED) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (FABR.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Trimble ◽  
D.J. Pree
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Control Potential ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Biological Control Potential ◽  
Phyllonorycter Blancardella ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Pholetesor Ornigis

AbstractThe susceptibility of male and female Pholetesor ornigis (Weed) to the pyrethroid insecticides permethrin, fenvalerate, and deltamethrin, the organophosphorous insecticides azinphosmethyl and phosmet, and the carbamate insecticide methomyl, was compared in the laboratory using two populations from Norfolk County, Ontario. Female P. ornigis were more susceptible than males to permethrin. There was no sexual difference in the susceptibility of P. ornigis to the other five insecticides tested. The implications of these results for the biological control potential of P. ornigis in commercial apple orchards are discussed. The results obtained for permethrin, fenvalerate, azinphosmethyl, and methomyl were compared with those obtained in a study completed 6 years earlier using P. ornigis from another location in Ontario; the results suggest that P. ornigis from Norfolk County have low levels of resistance to permethrin (3.3-fold), fenvalerate (2.2-fold), and methomyl (4.1-fold).

EFFECTS OF PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES ON EGGS AND LARVAE OF RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE POPULATIONS OF SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Marshall ◽  
D.J. Pree
Keyword(s):  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Phyllonorycter Blancardella ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

AbstractResistance to pyrethroid insecticides, identified previously in adults of Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.), was shown to extend to both egg and larval stages. Eggs of both resistant and susceptible strains were more susceptible than larvae to various pyrethroid insecticides. Eggs treated 0–2 days post oviposition were more susceptible than 4- to 6-day-old eggs and/or larvae for both strains. Older larvae, especially from resistant strains, were less susceptible than early instars. For eggs and 1st-instar larvae, differences between resistant and susceptible strains were largely overcome by treatment with higher concentrations of permethrin. In the field, low levels of resistance were overcome by applications of permethrin at 212.5 g AI/ha diluted in 3370 L water/ha timed for first hatch of eggs.

TOXICITY OF PERMETHRIN, AZINPHOSMETHYL, AND METHOMYL TO PHOLETESOR ORNIGIS (WEED) AND PHOLETESOR PEDIAS NIXON (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), PARASITES OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (FABR.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1175-1182
Author(s):  
P.A. Fisher ◽  
J.E. Laing ◽  
D.J. Pree
Keyword(s):  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Phyllonorycter Blancardella ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pholetesor Ornigis ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

AbstractThe toxicity of the insecticides permethrin, azinphosmethyl, and methomyl to adult Pholetesor ornigis (Weed) and P. pedias Nixon was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Older P. pedias (2 and 3 days old) were more susceptible than younger parasites (1 day old) to permethrin. Azinphosmethyl was slightly more toxic to female P. ornigis than to male P. ornigis or to P. pedias. There was no consistent difference in the response of adult P. ornigis compared with P. pedias exposed to permethrin or methomyl on treated paper disks. Methomyl was twice as toxic as either azinphosmethyl or permethrin. Male P. ornigis were less susceptible than female P. ornigis to permethrin, but the difference was significant in only one of four populations tested. Male P. ornigis were less susceptible than females to azinphosmethyl. In 1986, populations of P. ornigis which had been exposed previously to pyrethroid insecticides were less susceptible to permethrin than P. ornigis from orchards where pyrethroids had never been applied. The response of both Pholetesor spp. to permethrin varied significantly from 1986 to 1987.

PARASITES RECOVERED FROM THE OVERWINTERING GENERATION OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) IN PEST-MANAGEMENT APPLE ORCHARDS IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A.C. Hagley
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Phyllonorycter Blancardella

AbstractThe braconid Pholetesor (= Apanteles) ornigis (Weed) was the major parasite of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.), at 21 sites, in 9 counties in southern Ontario. The eulophids Sympiesis sericeicornis (Nees) (12 sites, 6 counties), S. dolichogaster Ashmead (9 sites, 5 counties), S. marylandensis Girault (8 sites, 6 counties) and Pnigalio maculipes (Crawford) (6 sites, 5 counties) were the major chalcidoids recovered. Other species recovered were 10 eulophids, 2 pteromalids, and 2 ichneumonids. The major hyperparasite of P. ornigis was S. sericeicornis, but S. dolichogaster, Habrocytus sp., Catolaccus sp., Gelis sp., and Hypopteromalus sp. were also recovered.

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