Relative Attractiveness of Irradiated Laboratory-Reared Female Gypsy Moths and Nonirradiated Laboratory-Reared and Feral Females12

1976 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim V. Richerson
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Relative Attractiveness

PRE-MATING SEXUAL ACTIVITY OF GYPSY MOTH MALES IN SMALL PLOT FIELD TESTS (LYMANTRIA (= PORTHETRIA) DISPAR (L.): LYMANTRIIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Richerson ◽  
E. A. Brown ◽  
E. Alan Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Porthetria Dispar ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Previous Mating ◽  
Cotton Wick

AbstractPre-mating behavior of male gypsy moths was investigated in 0.2 ha circular plots containing from 0 to 72 virgin females/plot in untreated areas and in areas treated with an aerial application of 20 g/ha microencapsulated disparlure. Male moths in both treated and untreated plots oriented initially to trees, not directly to females. Mating was disrupted in treated plots but males continued search behavior. No anemotactic behavior was evident in either treated plots or untreated plots with females. In untreated plots, male moths were not caught on sticky panels (panels suspended at 2, 4, and 6 m) higher than pheromone baited traps set at 2 m. In treated plots, equal number of males were caught at all panel heights and in baited traps at 2 m. Previous mating and pheromone exposure histories of males did not affect the response of these males to traps baited with 4–5 mg of disparlure in untreated plots. In a test of the relative attractiveness of a cotton wick and a new laminated bait dispenser in Johnson traps, traps baited with the laminated dispenser had a greater male moth catch/male contact to trap than the traps baited with the cotton wick. Not all males contacting the Johnson trap were caught. A mode of action for disparlure as a disruptive agent in the long range sexual communication system of gypsy moth is proposed.

scholarly journals Australia – Anti-Dumping Measures on A4 Copy Paper: Opening a Door to More Anti-Dumping Investigations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Antonia Eliason ◽  
Matteo Fiorini
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Competitive Market ◽  
Panel Report ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Imperfectly Competitive ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Welfare Implications

Abstract This paper analyzes the Australia – Anti-Dumping Measures on A4 Copy Paper panel report, the second recent WTO dispute to involve a challenge to Indonesia's paper industry. The Indonesian paper industry benefits from reduced-cost inputs because of the Indonesian government's influence and subsidies over the timber and pulp market. The report offers the first interpretation of ‘particular market situation’ under Article 2.2 of the WTO's Anti-Dumping Agreement. At the same time, it raises questions regarding the appropriateness of using anti-dumping measures to address what are fundamentally subsidy issues. While the panel ultimately found that Australia's measure was inconsistent with Article 2.2, the paper shows that the panel's interpretation of ‘particular market situation’ increases the relative attractiveness of using anti-dumping duties instead of countervailing measures. Two key points on the welfare implications of the decision can be made. The first relates to the motivations of the Australian paper industry and the imperfectly competitive market in which Australian Paper operates. The second is the importance of challenging subsidies rather than imposing anti-dumping duties where the subsidies in question have negative environmental effects.

scholarly journals Separate and combined Hanseniaspora uvarum and Metschnikowia pulcherrima metabolic volatiles are attractive to Drosophila suzukii in the laboratory and field

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jones ◽  
M. T. Fountain ◽  
C. S. Günther ◽  
P. E. Eady ◽  
M. R. Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Species ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Hanseniaspora Uvarum ◽  
Metschnikowia Pulcherrima ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Relative Attractiveness

AbstractDrosophila suzukii flies cause economic losses to fruit crops globally. Previous work shows various Drosophila species are attracted to volatile metabolites produced by individual fruit associated yeast isolates, but fruits naturally harbour a rich diversity of yeast species. Here, we report the relative attractiveness of D. suzukii to yeasts presented individually or in combinations using laboratory preference tests and field trapping data. Laboratory trials revealed four of 12 single yeast isolates were attractive to D. suzukii, of which Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Hanseniaspora uvarum were also attractive in field trials. Four out of 10 yeast combinations involving Candida zemplinina, Pichia pijperi, M. pulcherrima and H. uvarum were attractive in the laboratory. Whilst a combination of M. pulcherrima + H. uvarum trapped the greatest number of D. suzukii in the field, the efficacy of the M. pulcherrima + H. uvarum combination to trap D. suzukii was not significantly greater than traps primed with volatiles from only H. uvarum. While volatiles from isolates of M. pulcherrima and H. uvarum show promise as baits for D. suzukii, further research is needed to ascertain how and why flies are attracted to certain baits to optimise control efficacy.

scholarly journals Estimating Traffic Flow Profiles According to a Relative Attractiveness Factor

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 1115-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Caceres ◽  
Luis M. Romero ◽  
Francisco G. Benitez
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Profiles ◽  
Relative Attractiveness

Ambient light intensity and direction determine relative attractiveness of yellow traps toRhagoletis indifferens(Diptera: Tephritidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.L. Yee
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Yellow Traps ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Variable Light ◽  
Sunlight Intensity ◽  
Trap Placement ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

AbstractUnderstanding factors that influence attraction of tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to objects can lead to development of more sensitive traps for fly detection. Here, the objective was to determine if differences in attractiveness between two sticky yellow rectangle traps to western cherry fruit fly,Rhagoletis indifferensCurran, depend on ambient light intensity and direction. The translucent plastic Yellow Sticky Strip (YSS) was compared with the less translucent yellow cardboard Alpha Scents (AS). Flies were released inside a box or cage opposite a trap or traps illuminated from outside at different intensities to generate variable light passage. Regardless of type, the trap with greatest light passage was most attractive. When the same light intensity was shone on both traps, the YSS, which allowed greater light passage, was more attractive than the AS. When the light was inside a cage and shone onto the two traps in the same direction as approaching flies, the AS reflected more light and was more attractive. A field experiment generally supported light passage effects seen in the laboratory. Results suggest trap placement with respect to sunlight intensity and direction affects light passage and the attractiveness of yellow traps toR. indifferens.

Implications and Conclusions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela M. Dancygier
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Party System ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Political Incorporation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Recruitment Strategies ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Traditional Structures

This concluding chapter reflects on what conditions make it more or less likely that minority political incorporation has significant impacts on intergroup relations, the identities of parties, and the electoral alignments underpinning party systems. The discussion highlights that parties' recruitment strategies can meaningfully affect majority perceptions of the minority, minority views about the political system, and minority social integration. The waning of traditional structures of mobilization—in particular the decline of trade unions—raises the relative attractiveness of minority bloc votes and associated ethnically based campaign styles. Larger, more slow-moving, political and economic forces that shape linkages between the majority electorate and political parties thus also help determine whether and in what ways minorities are brought into the party system. The chapter then posits under what circumstances this incorporation will trigger electoral realignments and, in the process, generate a reordering of European party systems.

scholarly journals The Use of Granular Cyclopentanone as Alternative to Artificial Source of Carbon Dioxide in Improved Passive Outdoor Host Seeking Device (POHD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Stella T. Kessy ◽  
Bruno A. Nyundo ◽  
Ladslaus L. Mnyone ◽  
Issa N. Lyimo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Yeast Fermentation ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Residual Malaria Transmission ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
And Control

Reliable sources of CO2 that are relatively cheap, obtainable, and easy to sustain are immediately required for scaling up of odor-baited mosquito surveillance and control devices. Several odor-baited devices are in the pipeline; however, their scale-up against residual malaria transmission, particularly in resource poor areas, is limited by the unavailability of reliable sources of CO2 and reliance on electrical power sources among other factors. We evaluated the use of granular cyclopentanone as an alternative to artificial or yeast fermentation-produced CO2 in passive outdoor host seeking device (POHD). Experiments were conducted against semifield reared An. arabiensis within the semifield system (SFS) at Ifakara Health Institute. Mosquitoes were tested against odor-baited POHDs augmented with yeast fermentation-produced CO2, granular cyclopentanone, attractive blends (Mbita or Ifakara), or their combinations. An insecticide, bendiocarb, was a killing agent used as a proxy for marking the mosquitoes visit the POHDs. Relative attractiveness of different treatment combinations was compared based on the proportion of dead mosquitoes that visited the POHD. The POHD augmented with granules of cyclopentanone alone was attractive to An. arabiensis as much as, or more than, POHDs augmented with yeast fermentation-produced CO2. The POHD baited with CO2 attracted more mosquitoes than those POHDs baited with synthetic blends alone; when these blends are combined with CO2, they attracted more mosquitoes than individual blends. More importantly, such POHDs baited with cyclopentanone attracted far greater proportion of mosquitoes than the POHD baited with either Mbita or Ifakara blend alone. The granular cyclopentanone strongly enhanced/potentiated the attractiveness of POHD baited with Mbita blends against mosquitoes compared to that of POHD baited with Ifakara blend. Moreover, the granular cyclopentanone retained its residual activity against An. arabiensis for up to 2 months after application particularly when used in combination with Mbita blend. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that cyclopentanone granules have the potential to substitute sources of CO2 in outdoor-based surveillance and control devices, thus warranting evaluation of such alternative under realistic field conditions.

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