Leaf Disk Method of Testing Alfalfa Plants for Resistance to Feeding by Adult Alfalfa Weevils1

1967 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1561-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Barnes ◽  
R. H. Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Disk ◽  
Disk Method

Studies on rates of development and reproduction of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) (Homoptera : Diaspididae) on citrus

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Willard
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Disk ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aonidiella Aurantii ◽  
Innate Capacity ◽  
Disk Method ◽  
Capacity For Increase

Red scale were reared in the laboratory on disks cut from lemon leaves floated on distilled water in plastic vials. Scales could be reared to maturity on the disks and females would produce crawlers. Rates of development measured at four temperatures using the leaf disk method were similar to data reported by earlier authors. Unfertilized females were found to remain alive and could be fertilized up to 16 weeks after the second moult. On the average, the longevity of unfertilized females was shown to be 3.5 weeks longer than that of fertilized females. The fecundity of females collected from the field was measured at a series of constant temperatures. Estimates of the capacity for increase (rc) and the innate capacity for increase (rm were obtained at four temperatures. Both these statistics were shown to be greatly influenced by temperature; rc was found to be an underestimate of rm at higher temperatures.

Application of the leaf-disk method to the determination of photosynthesis in cereals

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubomír Nátr ◽  
Josef Špidla
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Disk ◽  
Disk Method

scholarly journals ANTIFEEDANT ACTIVITY FROM NEEM LEAF EXTRACT (Azadirachta indica A Juss)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Ridha Kurniati ◽  
Nurdin Saidi ◽  
Rosnani Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Leaf Disk ◽  
Antifeedant Activity ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Disk Method ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

Antifeedant activity of neem leaf (A. indica A. Juss) has been identified by against Tenebrio molitor bio-indicator. The highest activity was obtained on ethyl acetate extract at 0.5% concentration having Antifeedant Index (AI) of 51.53% and most active at 10% concentration of 82.05%. The method used to test the antifeedant activity is the no choice leaf disk method. Secondary metabolites contained in neem leaf extract (A. indica A. juss) include terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins and phenolics. Keywords: Neem leaf (Azadirachta Indica A.Juss),  No choice leaf disk method, Antifeedant ActivityREFFERENCES Benge, M.D. 1986. Neem the Cornucopia Tree. S and T/FENR Agroforestation Technical Series No. 5. Agency for International Development Washington, D.C.190p.Schumutterer., H. 2002. Properties and Potensial of Natural pPsticides from Neem Tree, Azadirachta indica Ann. Rev. Entomol. 35; 271-291Alzohairy, M.A. 2016. Review Article Therapeutics Role of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Their Active Constituents in Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Article ID 7382506, 11p.4.       Patel, S.M., Venkata., K.C.N., Bhattacharyya, P., Sethi, G., Bishayee, A. 2016. Potential of Neem (Azadirachta indica) For Prevention and treatment of Oncologic Diseases Seminar In Cancer BiologyDiabate, D., Gnago, J.A., Tano, Y., 2014. Toxicity, Antifeedant and Repellent, effect of Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Jatropa carcus L. aqueous extracts agaianst Plutella xylostella  (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res. 4 (11) : 51 – 60Jeyasankar, A., and Gokilamani, D., 2016. Biology and eco-friendly control of Amaranth pests, Hymenia recurvalis Fabricus and Psara basalis (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) Inter. J. Acad. Stud. 2 (4): 218 – 230.Pavunraj, M., Muthu, C., Ignacimuthu,S., Janarthanan, S., Duraipandiyan, V., Raja, N. and Vimalraj, S. 2011. Antifeedant Activity of a Novel 6-(4,7-hydroxyl-heptyl)Quinone From The Leaves of The Milkweed Pergularia daemia on The Cotton Bollworm Helicoverpa armegera (Hub.) and The Tobacco Armworm Spodoptera litura (Fab.) Phytoparasitica 39 : 145 – 150.Munoz, E., Lamilla, C., Marin, J.C., Alarcon, J., Cespedes, C.L.m 2012. Antifeedant, Insect Growth and Insecticidal Effec of Calceolaria talcana (Calceolariaceae) on Dropsopphila melanogaster and Spodoptera frugiperda Industrial Crops and Product, 42, 137 – 144.Saxena, M., Saxena, J., Nema, R., Singh, D and Gupta, A. 2013. Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants Journal pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1;6.Liu, L., Zhao, Y.L., Cheng, G.G., Chen, Y.Y., Qin, angX.J., C.C.W., Yang, X.W., Liu, Y.P., Luo, X.D, 2014. Antifeedant activity and effect of fruits and seed extract of Cabralea canjerana canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (Meliaceae) on the immature stages of the fall armworm Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Crops and Product. 65 ; 156 – 158.Schoonhven, LM. 1982. Biologycal Aspect of Antifeedant . Ent, Exp and Appl  .31: 57 - 69Gahukar, R.T. 2014. Factor Affecting Content and Bioefficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Phytochemicals used in Agriculture pest control A Review. Crop Protection. 62: 93 – 99.Pattanaik, S.J., Ranghupati, N.D.,Chary, P.2006.Ecomorphometric Marker Reflect Variation in Azadirachtin Contents of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) in Select Regions of Andhra Pradesh India. Curr. Sci, 91:628 – 636.Adel, M.M., Sehnal, H., Jurzysta, M. 2000. Effects of Alfalfa safonin on the Moth Spodoptera litura Journal of Chemical Ecology, 26 : 7-14Shuklar, Y.N., Rani, A. Tripathi,A.K., Sharma, S. 1996. Antifeedant, Activity of Ursolic Acid Isolation from Duboisia myoporoides Phytotheraphy, 10 : 359 – 360Walter, J.F. 1999. Commercial With Neem Product, P. 155-170. In Franklin R, Hall and Julius J. Menn. Biopesticides Use and Delivery. Humana Press. Totowo, New Jersey. 

scholarly journals A modified leaf disk method for rearing predaceous mites [Acarina : Phytoseiidae]

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brodeur ◽  
C. Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Leaf Disk ◽  
Cotton Wool ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Predaceous Mites ◽  
Predaceous Mite ◽  
Disk Method ◽  
Leaf Disks

The detached leaf disk method for rearing phytoseiids was modified by maintaining leaf disks on a nutrient solution solidified with agar. The predaceous mite, Amblyseius cucumeris, and thrips prey, Frankliniella occidentalis, were successfully reared on cucumber leaf disks using this technique. Predator survival and retention time on agar as the leaf supporting medium were improved compared to cotton wool. Agar prolonged leaf disk quality for thrips survival compared to both cotton wool and water, while offering other significant advantages to these alternative media.

An experimental and theoretical study of the abrasion performance of digital light processing parts

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440542098133
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kazemi ◽  
Abdolreza Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
One Step ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Influential Parameters ◽  
Disk Method ◽  
Normal Angle

Generally, interactions at surface asperities are the cause of wear. Two-Thirds of wear in industry occurs because of the abrasive or adhesive mechanisms. This research presents an analytical model for abrasion of additive manufactured Digital Light Processing products using pin-on-disk method. Particularly, the relationship between abrasion volume, normal load, and surface asperities’ angle is investigated. To verify the proposed mathematical model, the results of this model are verified with the practical experiments. Results show that the most influential parameters on abrasion rate are normal load and surface’s normal angle. Abrasion value increases linearly with increasing normal load. The maximum abrasion value occurs when the surface’s normal angle during fabrication is 45°. After the asperities are worn the abrasion volume is the same for all specimens with different surface’s normal angle. Though layer thickness does not directly affect the wear rate, but surface roughness tests show that layer thickness has a great impact on the quality of the abraded surface. When the thickness of the layers is high, the abraded surface has deeper valleys, and thus has a more negative skewness. This paper presents an original approach in abrasion behavior improvement of DLP parts which no research has been done on it so far; thus, bringing the AM one step closer to maturity.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Feeding Bioassay for Lepidoptera Larvae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inoussa Sanané ◽  
Judith Legrand ◽  
Christine Dillmann ◽  
Frédéric Marion-Poll
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Leaf Disk ◽  
Source Image ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Feeding Activities ◽  
Camera Holder

AbstractFinding plant cultivars that are resistant or tolerant against lepidopteran pests, takes time, effort and is costly. We present here a high throughput leaf-disk consumption assay system, to screen plants for resistance or chemicals for their deterrence. A webcam capturing images at regular intervals can follow the feeding activities of 150 larvae placed into individual cages. We developed a computer program running under an open source image analysis program to analyze and measure the surface of each leaf disk over time. We further developed new statistical procedures to analyze the time course of the feeding activities of the larvae and to compare them between treatments. As a test case, we compared how European corn borer larvae respond to a commercial antifeedant containing azadirachtin, and to quinine, which is a bitter alkaloid for many organisms. As expected, increasing doses of azadirachtin reduced and delayed feeding. However, quinine was poorly effective at the range of concentrations tested (10–5 M to 10–2 M). The model cage, the camera holder, the plugins, and the R scripts are freely available, and can be modified according to the users’ needs.

scholarly journals Extending Postharvest Longevity and Improving Quality of Strawberry (Fragaria Ananasa Duch Cv. ‘Gaviota’) Fruit by Postharvest Salicylic Acid Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Geransayeh ◽  
Sadegh Sepahvand ◽  
Vahid Abdossi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Postharvest Application ◽  
Spray Method ◽  
Paper Disk ◽  
Fruit Decay ◽  
Activity Decay ◽  
Disk Method

Strawberries are an extremely perishable fruit mainly due to their soft texture and sensitivity to fungal infection. Postharvest application of conventional fungicides to fruits is prohibited. As an alternative to fungicides, salicylic acid has been found to enhance disease resistance of horticultural crops. In order to study the effect of salicylic acid as a phenolic compound on the postharvest durability and quality characteristics of strawberry fruit. ‘Gaviota’ strawberries were treated with SA at different concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 µlL-1), then stored for 12 days at 4 ˚C and 75 % RH in darkness. Two different methods were applied (spray SA on fruits and paper disk method). Quality attributes such as weight loss, pH, TA, TSS, vitamin C, anthocyanin, calcium, pectin, CAT, POD, PG activity, decay percentage and sensory analyses evaluated every 3 days during storage. Results showed that, treated fruits with SA had lower weight loss, pH, TSS, POD, PG, decay and higher TA, vitamin C, anthocyanin, calcium, pectin, CAT and fruit quality compared with controls. Between two methods of treatment, paper disk method had higher effect on fruit decay and quality compared to spray method and as a general result, caused longer storability.

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