scholarly journals Exploratory Studies on Gamma Radiation for the Sterilization and Control of Anopheles quadrimaculatus

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Davis ◽  
J. B. Gahan ◽  
Donald F. Weidhaas ◽  
Carroll N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Anopheles Quadrimaculatus ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Morphological and chemical changes of dentin after applying different sterilization methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio Antonio Talge Carvalho ◽  
Ana Claudia Carvalho Xavier ◽  
Márcia Carneiro Valera ◽  
Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge ◽  
Marcia Maciel Menezes Ferraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Complete Obliteration ◽  
Wet Heat ◽  
And Control

Aim The present study evaluated the morphological and chemical changes of dentin produced by different sterilization methods, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analysis. Material and method Five human teeth were sectioned into 4 samples, each divided into 3 specimens. The specimens were separated into sterilization groups, as follows: wet heat under pressure; cobalt 60 gamma radiation; and control (without sterilization). After sterilization, the 60 specimens were analyzed by SEM under 3 magnifications: 1500X, 5000X, and 10000X. The images were analyzed by 3 calibrated examiners, who assigned scores according to the changes observed in the dentinal tubules: 0 = no morphological change; 1, 2 and 3 = slight, medium and complete obliteration of the dentinal tubules. The chemical composition of dentin was assessed by EDS, with 15 kV incidence and 1 μm penetration. Result The data obtained were submitted to the statistical tests of Kruskall-Wallis and ANOVA. It was observed that both sterilization methods – with autoclave and with cobalt 60 gamma radiation – produced no significant changes to the morphology of the dentinal tubules or to the chemical composition of dentin. Conclusion Both methods may thus be used to sterilize teeth for research conducted in vitro.

scholarly journals Effects of Gamma Radiation (Co 60) in Cachaça containing grapes (Crimson)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Juliana Angelo Pires ◽  
Aline Da Silva Delabio ◽  
Rafaela Prezotto Vicente ◽  
Marcia Nalesso Costa Harder ◽  
Lucia Cristina Aparecida Santos Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Irradiation Treatment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical And Chemical

<p>The current study deals with <em>cacha&ccedil;a</em> irradiation in the presences of grapes, with the use of gamma radiation (Co 60) to evaluate its effects on the physical and chemical characteristics of this beverage. The research had as objective to assess the effects of irradiation in <em>cacha&ccedil;as</em>, in the extraction of compounds present in the pickled grapes in the <em>cacha&ccedil;a</em>. Samples were prepared with grapes type Crimson, in polypropylene bottles, with and without grapes. Both types of samples were irradiated with doses of 0 (control) and 300Gy. Later were performed physical and chemical analyzes (pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids) during a 5-day span after irradiation treatment. Significative statistical difference was noticed in titratable acidity of the samples that contained grapes, larger values when compared with pure samples. However, there was no statistical difference when comparing the pure beverage with control or the beverage containing grapes and control. For pH the values for the samples with grapes is statistically lower than the others. The results for soluble solids (&ordm;Brix) displayed an increase on both types of samples comparing with their respective controls. In conclusion, the 300Gy dose was effective for increasing soluble solids quantity both in pure <em>cacha&ccedil;as</em> as in presences of grapes. Relating to pH and acidity, this dose shows interference when grapes are presents.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>DOI: 10.14685/rebrapa.v6i1.199</p>

scholarly journals Frequency and Spectrum of Induced Viable Macromutations in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivar ‘Vishwas’

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J.D. Barshile
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chickpea Cultivar ◽  
Generation Differences ◽  
Gamma Radiations ◽  
And Control

Present investigation was undertaken to study the frequency and spectrum of induced viable macromutations employing SA, EMS and gamma radiation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar Vishwas (Phule G 5). The seeds of chickpea, cultivar Vishwas were treated with three different concentrations / doses of SA (2, 3 and 4 mM), EMS (8, 12 and 16 mM) and gamma radiations (400, 500 and 600 Gy). The mutagen administered seeds were sown in experimental fields to raise M1 progeny. Seeds of M1 plants and control were harvested separately and sown to raise M2 population. The M2 progeny were screened for viable macromutaions. A wide spectrum of viable macromutations was isolated in the M2 generation. In all twenty four different types of viable morphological macromutations were observed. These included 7 types of plant type mutations and 6 types of leaf mutations, 1 types of flower mutation, 5 types of pod mutation and 5 types of seed mutations. Results indicated that all mutagenic treatments were effective in inducing viable mutations in chickpea, during M2 generation. Differences in response to different mutagens were observed in the spectrum and frequency of viable mutations. Some mutation types occurred more frequently than others. The frequency and spectrum of viable mutations were relatively high with EMS followed by gamma radiation and SA. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made for increasing frequency and spectrum of locally important chickpea cultivar ‘Vishwas’ employing chemical and physical mutagens.

scholarly journals Effect of Gamma Radiation on Morpho-Physiological Characters of Soybean

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
S Sarker ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
S Hasna ◽  
MS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Branch Plant ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physiological Characters

An experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh during the period from January, 2011 to April, 2011. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of gamma radiation on morpho-physiological characters of BARI soybean. Four levels of gamma irradiation viz. 200, 300, 400 and 500 Gy ?-ray from 60C source and control were irradiated on assigned two genotypes viz. BARI soybean 5 and BARI soybean 6. Data for growth analyses were collected at different days after sowing. Results revealed that the soybean varieties and gamma irradiation significantly affected morpho-physiological characters where BARI soybean 5 and 200 Gy ?-ray levels produced the greater results alone or combinations. This combination produced the tallest plant (37.42 cm), maximum leaf and branch plant-1 (23.15 and 2.10) at 75 DAS. 200 Gy ?-ray irradiated plants of BARI soybean 5 produced the highest seed yield (2373.70 kg ha-1) followed by control treatment (1887.90 kg ha-1) at the same variety. On the other hand, the plants consequential from 500 Gy ?-ray radiated of BARI soybean 5 had shown the lowest seed yield (1050.70 kg ha-1). This result indicating that irradiation significantly decreased on seed yield with increasing doses of gamma rays. So, the variety BARI soybean 5 and 200 Gy ?-ray alone or combination had outstanding superiority for plant growth over the other gamma ray levels.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i2.22199 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(2): 25-30 2014

Subacute and late cardiovascular sequelae to low doses of gamma radiation

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-729
Author(s):  
Durwood J. Smith ◽  
Robert C. Parker ◽  
Calvin Hanna ◽  
Henry E. Curley
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cardiovascular Performance ◽  
And Control

A battery of in vivo and in vitro tests of cardiovascular performance were used to assess the effects of whole-body gamma radiation (cobalt-60) upon the cardiovascular system of dogs. A new method for study of the pressure-volume relations of isolated surviving arteries is described. Groups of six beagles were exposed to 30 r and 100 r 22 months before death and compared with littermate controls. No differences between irradiated and control dogs could be demonstrated. Eight mongrel dogs received 300 r 30 days before death and were compared with five mongrel controls. The only significant difference observed was in the pressure-volume curves of arteries from irradiated dogs, these vessels having a greater initial tone than control arteries. It is concluded that 30 r and 100 r of whole-body gamma radiation have no demonstrable effect upon the cardiovascular system of dogs irradiated 22 months before study, but that 300 r of gamma radiation does produce a significant abnormality of blood vessels.

Genetic changes in an irradiated population of wild meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard A. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
And Control

Changes observed in the genetic structure of a wild population of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) exposed to chronic gamma radiation are compared with those observed in a nearby unirradiated population. An average exposure of 14.6 ± 0.8 mGy/d of gamma radiation was administered from a 137Cs field irradiator to an otherwise unmanipulated population over 47 weeks. The demographic and genetic characteristics of the populations were estimated by livetrapping and by electrophoresis of the polymorphic plasma proteins encoded by transferrin and leucine aminopeptidase, respectively. Both the irradiated and control populations showed highly synchronous demographic changes: an autumn decline, very low density throughout the winter, a late spring increase, and late summer peak. Allele frequencies and F-statistics fluctuated dramatically throughout the low-density phase. Coincident with the acceleration of population growth, the genetic variables began to converge in the two populations. At the termination of the experiment, when population growth was slowing, the irradiated and control populations were genetically very similar. Sexual activity, longevity, and recruitment were each homogeneous among genotypes in both populations. The radiation treatment had no apparent effect on the genetic structure of the vole population. Gene flow at the beginning of an increase phase is suggested as a possible cause for convergence of the genetic attributes of the irradiated and unirradiated populations.

Control of Metal Alloy Oxidation with Electric Fields

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
R. R. Dils ◽  
P. S. Follansbee
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Iron Base Alloy ◽  
Alloy Oxidation ◽  
Aluminum Oxide Layer ◽  
And Control

Electric fields have been applied across oxides growing on a high temperature alloy and control of the oxidation of the material has been demonstrated. At present, three-fold increases in the oxidation rate have been measured in accelerating fields and the oxidation process has been completely stopped in a retarding field.The experiments have been conducted with an iron-base alloy, Pe 25Cr 5A1 0.1Y, although, in principle, any alloy capable of forming an adherent aluminum oxide layer during oxidation can be used. A specimen is polished and oxidized to produce a thin, uniform insulating layer on one surface. Three platinum electrodes are sputtered on the oxide surface and the specimen is reoxidized.

Evidence for a Blood Ganglion Barrier in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the Rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
D. M. DePace
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Capillary Circulation ◽  
And Control

The majority of blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion possess a continuous endothelium with tight junctions. These same features have been associated with the blood brain barrier of the central nervous system and peripheral nerves. These vessels may perform a barrier function between the capillary circulation and the superior cervical ganglion. The permeability of the blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat was tested by intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Three experimental groups of four animals each were given intravenous HRP (Sigma Type II) in a dosage of.08 to.15 mg/gm body weight in.5 ml of.85% saline. The animals were sacrificed at five, ten or 15 minutes following administration of the tracer. Superior cervical ganglia were quickly removed and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Three control animals received,5ml of saline without HRP. These were sacrificed on the same time schedule. Tissues from experimental and control animals were reacted for peroxidase activity and then processed for routine transmission electron microscopy.

Effects of renovascular hypertension on rat adrenal zona glomerulosa

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
G. Mazzocchi ◽  
P. Rebuffat ◽  
C. Robba ◽  
P. Vassanelli ◽  
G. G. Nussdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
And Control

It is well known that the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa steroidogenic activity is controlled by the renin-angiotensin system. The ultrastructural changes in the rat zona glomerulosa cells induced by renovascular hypertension were described previously, but as far as we are aware no correlated biochemical and morphometric investigations were performed.Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into 2 experimental groups. One group was subjected to restriction of blood flow to the left kidney by the application of a silver clip about the left renal artery. The other group was sham-operated and served as a control. Renovascular hypertension developed in about 10 days: sistolic blood pressure averaged 165 ± 6. 4 mmHg, whereas it was about 110 ± 3. 8 mmHg in the control animals. The hypertensive and control rats were sacrificed 20 days after the operation. The blood was collected and plasma renin activity was determined by radioimmunological methods. The aldosterone concentration was radioimmunologically assayed both in the plasma and in the homogenate of the left capsular adrenal gland.

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