The Role of Weather and Entomophagous Species in the Natural Control of Insect Populations12

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Debach
Keyword(s):  
Natural Control

scholarly journals Parasitic Natural Regulatory Agents Attacking Musca domestica L. in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-376
Author(s):  
E. F. Legner ◽  
E. C. Bay ◽  
C. W. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Spalangia Endius ◽  
Control Work

Immature stages of Musca domestica L. were sampled in Puerto Rico during 1903 for the purpose of securing parasitic material for use in biological control work in California. Six hymenopterous parasites were discovered in more or less stable breeding sites. One undescribed species of Diapriidae, Trichopria sp., and five Pteromalidae, Spalangia endius Walker, Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis, Spalangia slomoxysiae Girault, Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, and Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rond.) were involved. Parasitization at any given collection site ranged from 1.4 to 25 percent of viable pupae. The Central and West Central Sections of the Island showed highest parasite activity. The role of predators other than ants was thought to be of prime importance in natural control of the more advanced immature stages of houseflies.

Laboratory studies on the role of an egg predator,Blattisocius tarsalis(Berlese) (Acari: Ascidae), in relation to the natural control ofEphestia Cautella(Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Warehouses

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Haines
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Ephestia Cautella ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Blattisocius Tarsalis ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

AbstractEffective control ofEphestia cautella(Wlk.) byBlattisocius tarsalis(Berl.) has occasionally been observed in warehouses. It has been postulated that this control is negated by fumigation under sheets, because of differential effects on the moth and its predator, and removal of alternative prey. The biology ofB. tarsaliswas studied at 27°C and 73% RH. On eggs ofE. cautella, development took 5·9 days and there was 7% mortality; on eggs ofTribolium oastaneum(Hbst.), development took 7·4 days and there was 48% mortality. When offered a choice of eggs of the two pest species, the mites very rarely preyed on those ofT. castaneum. The number ofE. cautellaeggs consumed (after correction for partial consumption) was 3·8 (total) by nymphs, 2·4/day by ovipositing females, 1·5/day by non-ovipositing females, and 0·8/day by males. The sex ratio (female: male) was 2·5:1. Adult life-span averaged about 55 days (maximum 153 days), and the oviposition period lasted about 20 days. Females laid up to 5 eggs/day at peak oviposition. The potential rate of increase ofB. tarsalisonE. cautellaeggs was very high, far exceeding that of its prey. These data confirm previous postulates concerning the role ofB. tarsalisin natural control ofE. cautella, and support the hypothesis that fumigation reduces predator-effectiveness. Modification of control regimes might allow greater natural control by the mite and reduce the increasing pest status of the moth.

Differentiation by Small Mammal Predators Between Sound and Empty Cocoons of the European Spruce Sawfly

1949 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Natural Control

In a preliminary paper on the role of small mammals in the natural control of the European spruce sawfly, Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.), the writer (7) recorded that shrews have a remarkable ability to select sound cocoons in preference to those which are dead or emptied by parasites. This ability was said to be much less apparent, however, in the rodents. However, various experimental aspects of the project on natural control were not completed. This was due mainly to the severe decimation of the sawfly resulting from the combined attacks of small mammals, disease, and parasites. Since the above statements have elicited some interest, it secms worthwhile to present the data on which they were based. Other aspects of the project, particularly those concerned with the populations of small mammals and their relation to forest site, and with the role of larval Elateridae, will be reported later.

Experience overrides colour in lizard contests

Behaviour ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi M. Stuart-Fox ◽  
Gregory R. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Contest Outcome ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Male Contests ◽  
Lasting Influence ◽  
Male Coloration

We examined the role of conspicuous coloration in male-male contests for two species of Australian dragon lizards, Ctenophorus decresii and C. vadnappa, in which conspicuous coloration has a demonstrated predation cost. We conducted contests in which the overall conspicuousness of male coloration was manipulated using paints that matched the spectral reflectance of the lizards, as well as natural (control) contests. There was little evidence for an influence of colour on contest outcome or aggression levels for either species when all experiments were considered. However, we found a significant effect of trial order and experience on contest outcome and aggression levels (the same pair of males was used for both types of contest), despite a 2-3 week interval between contests. When we examined only the first trial between unfamiliar males, we found that male C. vadnappa that had been painted to appear more conspicuous consistently won. Comparison with the natural trials suggests that the aspect of colour manipulation that was responsible for this result was the 'hue' of the throat: males with yellower throats consistently beat males with bluer throats in both natural and painted trials. The difference in coloration of flank markings also predicted the difference in aggression scores between contestants in the natural trials. These results suggest that although colour is important in opponent assessment and in determining contest outcome in C. vadnappa, previous agonistic experience can override the effects of colour and have a long-lasting influence on aggressive behaviour.

Seasonal Population Trends and Extensive Census Methods for Hyphantria cunea

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Morris ◽  
C. W. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Census Methods ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Seasonal Population

AbstractThis is the fourth in a series of papers leading to the development of population models for Hyphantria cunea Drury in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. In 1961 and 1962 seasonal trends were obtained for moth eclosion, larval development, nest population, parasitism, and other factors. It is concluded that one annual census of nests from a moving vehicle can provide an effective method for comparing changes in population and natural control factors over diverse climatic areas. The timing of the census in each area is important, as well as the collection of nests for data on development, colony size, parasitism, and predation.The seasonal trends also add support to earlier hypotheses concerning the role of weather in the population dynamics of H. cunea, and reveal the nature of an important interaction between the mortality induced by weather and that induced by the main parasite, Campoplex validus Cress.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management
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