Field Evaluation of Potential Control Strategies Against the Invasive Eastern Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Chile

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1391-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Ripa ◽  
Paola Luppichini ◽  
Nan-Yao Su ◽  
Michael K. Rust
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Eastern Subterranean Termite

scholarly journals Eco-Environmental Aspects of COVID-19 Pandemic and Potential Control Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3488
Author(s):  
Rashid Nazir ◽  
Jawad Ali ◽  
Ijaz Rasul ◽  
Emilie Widemann ◽  
Sarfraz Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
The People ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Hospital Wastes ◽  
Future Outbreak

A new coronavirus-strain from a zoonotic reservoir (probably bat)—termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)—has recently claimed more than two million deaths worldwide. Consequently, a burst of scientific reports on epidemiology, symptoms, and diagnosis came out. However, a comprehensive understanding of eco-environmental aspects that may contribute to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread is still missing, and we therefore aim to focus here on these aspects. In addition to human–human direct SARS-CoV-2 transmission, eco-environmental sources, such as air aerosols, different public use objects, hospital wastes, livestock/pet animals, municipal wastes, ventilation facilities, soil and groundwater potentially contribute to SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Further, high temperature and humidity were found to limit the spread of COVID-19. Although the COVID-19 pandemic led to decrease air and noise pollution during the period of lockdown, increased use of masks and gloves is threatening the environment by water and soil pollutions. COVID-19 badly impacted all the socio-economic groups in different capacities, where women, slum dwellers, and the people lacking social protections are the most vulnerable. Finally, sustainable strategies, waste management, biodiversity reclaim, eco-friendly lifestyle, improved health infrastructure and public awareness, were proposed to minimize the COVID-19 impact on our society and environment. These strategies will seemingly be equally effective against any future outbreak.

scholarly journals Farmer attitudes to injurious pecking in laying hens and to potential control strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJ Palczynski ◽  
H Buller ◽  
SL Lambton ◽  
CA Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Farmer Attitudes ◽  
Potential Control

scholarly journals Supercooling Differences in the Eastern Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Cabrera ◽  
Shripat T. Kamble
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Ice Nucleators ◽  
Laboratory Workers ◽  
Eastern Subterranean Termite ◽  
Termite Hindgut

Supercooling points were determined for untreated field-collected and untreated laboratory-maintained Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) workers and soldiers. Workers treated with antibiotics or had their hindgut-protozoa removed by exposing them to oxygen under pressure to determine the effects of absence of the hindgut fauna on supercooling. Supercooling points were compared between live and freshly-killed workers to determine whether supercooling in this species might be simply due to the biochemical properties of body fluids. Laboratory-maintained workers were also subjected to desiccation, starvation, or atmospheric pressure to determine their effects on supercooling. Supercooling points were lowest for laboratory workers treated with antibiotics and those that fed on brown paper-toweling for 7 d. Untreated field-collected workers had significantly higher supercooling points than untreated laboratory-maintained workers (−6.06 ± 0.79°C vs −9.29 ± 2.38°C, P < 0.0001). Both untreated field-collected and laboratory soldiers had significantly lower supercooling points than their respective workers (−7.39 ± 2.01°C vs −6.06 ± 0.79°C, P < 0.0001; and −11.60 ± 2.53°C vs −9.29 ± 2.38°C, P< 0.0001, respectively). There was no significant association between termite body mass and supercooling points for both laboratory and field termites (P= 0.0523 and P = 0.6242) or water content of laboratory termites and supercooling points (P = 0.1425). Defaunated workers had significantly lower supercooling points (−10.34 ± 2.38°C) than normally faunated workers (−9.48 ± 1.85°C)(P= 0.0095) suggesting that the symbiotic fauna may have higher supercooling points and act as ice nucleators in the termite hindgut. Starved and desiccated workers had significantly lower supercooling points (−10.38 ± 2.70°C and −10.39 ± 2.38°C, respectively) than their corresponding control groups (−9.87 ± 2.11°C and −9.89 ± 1.94°C; P = 0.0454; P = 0.0234, respectively) and untreated workers (−9.29 ± 2.38°C; P= 0.0021; P= 0.0011) suggesting that some forms of physical stress might lower the supercooling point.

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