Behavioral Responses of Schistocerca americana (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to Azadirex (Neem)-Treated Host Plants

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Capinera ◽  
Jason G. Froeba
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Schistocerca Americana

Rosmarinus officinialis L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), a Promising Repellent Plant for Thrips Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Wei Li ◽  
Zhi-Jun Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Hafeez ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
Jin-Ming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Thrips Palmi ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cut Leaves

Abstract A number of thrips species are among the most significant agricultural pests globally. Use of repellent intercrop plants is one of the key components in plant-based ‘push–pull’ strategies to manage pest populations. In this study, the behavioral responses of three thrips species, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), and Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to Rosmarinus officinalis were investigated in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays and cage experiments. In addition, the major volatile compounds from rosemary were identified and the effect of the individual compounds on thrips behavior was evaluated. Females and males of the three thrips species were significantly repelled by the volatiles from cut rosemary leaves. The presence of rosemary plants significantly reduced settlement of females of the three thrips species and eggs laid by F. occidentalis females on target host plants. In total, 47 compounds were identified in the volatiles collected from the cut leaves of rosemary plants. The responses of the three thrips species to 10 major volatile compounds showed significant differences. However, α-pinene, the most abundant volatile, was repellent to F. occidentalis and F. intonsa. Eucalyptol, the second most abundant volatile, showed significant repellent activity to all the three thrips species. Our findings showed that rosemary is a promising repellent plant against the three thrips pests we tested, which could be a good candidate for ‘push’ plants in plant-based ‘push–pull’ strategies. The identified volatile compounds that accounted for the repellent activity could be developed as repellents for sustainable thrips management.

scholarly journals Investigating mechanisms of polarized light sensitivity in the small white butterfly Pieris rapae

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Blake ◽  
Gina S. Hahn ◽  
Hayley Grey ◽  
Shelby Kwok ◽  
Deby McIntosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Linear Polarization ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Polarization Sensitivity ◽  
Compound Eyes

AbstractThere is an ever increasing number of arthropod taxa shown to have polarization sensitivity throughout their compound eyes. However, the mechanisms underlying arthropod perception of polarized reflections from objects such as plants are not well understood. The small white butterfly, Pieris rapae, has been demonstrated to exploit foliar polarized reflections, specifically the degree of linear polarization (DoLP), to recognize host plants. The well-described visual system of P. rapae includes several photoreceptor types (red, green, blue) that are sensitive to polarized light. Yet, the mechanism underlying the behavioral responses of P. rapae to stimuli with different DoLPs remains unknown. To investigate potential mechanisms, we designed several two-choice behavioral bioassays, displaying plant images on paired LCD monitors which allowed for independent control of polarization, color and intensity. We found that shifts in image intensity had a similar effect on P. rapae preferences for stimuli dissimilar in DoLP and dissimilar in color, suggesting DoLP differences are perceived as color. When a DoLP choice was offered between plant images manipulated in a manner to minimizing the response of blue, red, or blue and red photoreceptors, P. rapae shifted its preference for DoLP, suggesting a role for red, green and blue polarization-sensitive photoreceptors. Modeling of P. rapae photoreceptor responses to test stimuli suggests that differential DoLP is not perceived solely as a color difference. Our combined results suggest that P. rapae females process and interpret polarization reflections in a way different from that described for other polarization-sensitive taxa.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

A Clinical Study of Twenty-seven Children Exhibiting Functional Hearing Loss

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. McCanna ◽  
Giacinto DeLapa
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Upper Elementary ◽  
Elementary Grades ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Hearing Problem

This report reviews 27 cases of children exhibiting functional hearing loss. The study reveals that most students were in the upper elementary grades and were predominantly females. These subjects were functioning below their ability level in school and were usually in conflict with school, home, or peers. Tests used were selected on the basis of their helping to provide early identification. The subjects' oral and behavioral responses are presented, as well as ways of resolving the hearing problem. Some helpful counseling techniques are also presented.

Olfactory Modulation of Steady- State Visual Evoked Potential Topography in Comparison with Differences in Odor Sensitivity

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Owen ◽  
John Patterson ◽  
Richard B. Silberstein
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Odor Concentration ◽  
Odor Detection ◽  
Detection Response ◽  
Response Groups ◽  
Visual Evoked

Summary Research was undertaken to determine whether olfactory stimulation can alter steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) topography. Odor-air and air-only stimuli were used to determine whether the SSVEP would be altered when odor was present. Comparisons were also made of the topographic activation associated with air and odor stimulation, with the view toward determining whether the revealed topographic activity would differentiate levels of olfactory sensitivity by clearly identifying supra- and subthreshold odor responses. Using a continuous respiration olfactometer (CRO) to precisely deliver an odor or air stimulus synchronously with the natural respiration, air or odor (n-butanol) was randomly delivered into the inspiratory airstream during the simultaneous recording of SSVEPs and subjective behavioral responses. Subjects were placed in groups based on subjective odor detection response: “yes” and “no” detection groups. In comparison to air, SSVEP topography revealed cortical changes in response to odor stimulation for both response groups, with topographic changes evident for those unable to perceive the odor, showing the presence of a subconscious physiological odor detection response. Differences in regional SSVEP topography were shown for those who reported smelling the odor compared with those who remained unaware of the odor. These changes revealed olfactory modulation of SSVEP topography related to odor awareness and sensitivity and therefore odor concentration relative to thresholds.

Brain Pathways and Behavioral Responses to Weak Electric Fields in Parasitic Sea Lampreys (Petromyzon marinus).

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson ◽  
Sang-Seon Yun ◽  
John Teeter ◽  
Weiming Li
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Brain Pathways

Psychological, Physiological, and Behavioral Responses to Masculinity Threats

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Andrew Caswell ◽  
Jennifer K. Bosson ◽  
Joseph A. Vandello ◽  
Rochelle M. Burnaford ◽  
Jonathan R. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses
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