Revealing the Hidden Colour in Representations of Eileen Gray’s Modern Architecture and Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Rachel Siobhan Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Fine Art ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Place Making ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Material Practice ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
Space Production ◽  
Distinct Approach ◽  
Integral Feature

Abstract Colour is both spatial and material. It is an integral feature of architecture, yet it is often undervalued, particularly in contrast to form. This article explores how Eileen Gray’s background in fine art and material practice promoted a particular use of colour in her architecture. Art practitioners who engage with processes of colour and material making are alert to the ambiguous nature of colour and its potential to contribute to space production. However, such knowledge is often overlooked by historians or dismissed as less significant than other aspects of design. Previous architectural histories of Eileen Gray that rely upon representations of her work in black and white photographs have missed the spatial and place-making qualities of colour in her work. Archival evidence, by contrast, reveals the significance of Gray’s material and practice-led colour research, which resulted in her distinct approach to modern architecture.

INFLUENCE OF LIVE WEIGHT IN CULTIVATION ON THE DURATION OF PRODUCTIVE USE OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED OF DIFFERENT BLOODLINE ON THE HOLSTEIN BREED

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
L. M. Danets ◽  
I. V. Tkachova ◽  
V. P. Shablia
Keyword(s):  
Average Duration ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Complex Integral ◽  
The Cost ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Integral Feature ◽  
A Share

The duration of productive use is a complex integral feature and is determined by both genetic and paratypical factors. This feature should ensure maximum milk productivity of animals, economic efficiency of dairy farms and generally limit the cost of raising and keeping cows. Research conducted in the experimental farms of state enterprises "Kutuzovka", Kharkov district of Kharkov region using cow’s Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed (4038 cows). We studied the duration of productive use of cows divided into gradations according to the conditional bloodline for the Holstein breed, depending on the weight in the control age periods of cultivation (at birth, at 6, 12 and 18 months). The maximum value of the duration of productive use was recorded in the group of cows with a share of conditional blood for the Holstein breed up to 30% inclusive (the average duration of productive use is 2.77 lactations). The highest indicator of the duration of productive use of the studied animals was 4.09 lactations. Among cows with a share of conditional blood for the Holstein breed up to 30% longer produced those born with a weight of more than 40 kg (4.09 lactations), at 6 months of age weighed 100-149 kg, at 12 months – 200-249 kg, at 18 months of age – 350-399 kg. Among animals with a share of bloodline of 31-60 %, those that had a weight at the age of 6 months produced the longest: 155-190 kg (3.17 lactations), at 12 months – 250-299 kg (2.98 lactations), at 18 months – 350-399 kg (3.06 lactations). In the most numerous gradation with the share of bloodline for the Holstein breed 61-90 %, the longest productive use was characterized by animals born with a weight of 30-39 kg (2.12 lactation), at 6 months of age they weighed more than 200 kg (3.29 lactation), at 12 months-300-349 kg (3.40 lactation), at 18 months – 400-449 kg (2.82 lactation). The average duration of productive use of cows of this grade is quite low – in the range of 2.82-3.29 lactations. The highest degree of influence on the duration of productive use in this gradation of animals was recorded by the live weight factor at 6 months of age (η2 = 10.8). Сcomparative assessment of the cows gradation with a share of conditional blood for the Holstein breed of 91 % or more found that the longest productive use was characterized by cows that had a live weight at birth of 30-39 kg (1.93 lactation), in 6 months – 155-199 kg (2.73 lactation), in 12 months – 250-299 kg (2.87 lactation) and in 18 months – 350-399 kg (2.62 lactation). The degree of influence of live weight at this age on the duration of productive use of cows is insignificant, except for live weight at 6 months of age (η2 = 11.8).

The Bauhaus Frame Reliability and Loosening

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
Kazimierz M. Łyszcz
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Art World ◽  
Visual Form ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Architecture And Design

The paper presents the problem of the frame, a clearly prevalent pattern in the selected activities of Bauhaus representatives. Despite only a dozen years of its existence, the school of modern architecture and design had a significant impact on the 20th-century world of art, and its social context, aesthetic and functions. In spite of its utilitarianist approach, it has developed a variety of standpoints that resulted in debates over the limits of art and have evolved into a wide range of creative movements that became a permanent feature of the art world. The essence of artistic activity evolved in this formation in two seemingly contradictory directions – towards a radical consolidation of the visual form, which is devoid of any decorations, and its gradual opening to the space surrounding the artistic and design activity. The first direction led to strengthening the integrity of the work and its materiality, while the second led to interference with the environment and the disappearance of the outline of the form. The diverse involvements and relations between these attitudes created different understandings of the frame encompassing the works.

The Slide Library of the Faculty of Art and Design at Bristol Polytechnic

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Fine Art ◽  
Art And Design ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Architecture And Design

In 1970 the Faculty of Art and Design Library at Bristol Polytechnic accepted responsibility for a slide collection, the reorganisation of which was guided by information received from other art libraries, and was further refined following the removal of the collection into the library in 1974. Slides are filed alphabetically by country, artist, and other criteria, within the categories of Fine Art, Architecture, and Design, and a notation has been derived from this arrangement. A fourth section of the collection houses sets of slides.

Educating gravure art

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
B. Naimanov ◽  
◽  
B. Ospanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Graphic Arts ◽  
Visual Material ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Production Activity

The article tells about the art of gravure, which is a part of the art of graphic, as well as about artists who have devoted themselves to the study of this type of art and the study of aspects of this area of fine art, as well as the study of art in the works of these artists. For a deeper understanding of graphic arts, visual material is needed. Gravure in the field of graphics occupies one of the main positions in the visual arts. With the help of this simple black-and-white graphic, artists achieve mastery by depicting and expressing what they saw in life in their works, and in doing so they develop fine arts. The article also says that gravure has specific features as one of the types of production activity, a unique way of creative activity.

scholarly journals The Sources of Modern Architecture and Design

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Paul Zucker ◽  
Nikolaus Pevsner
Keyword(s):  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Architecture And Design
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