Effects of artificial substrates on the growth and immunology of postlarvae of Marsupenaeus japonicus (Spence Bate, 1888) (Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata: Penaeidae) reared in biofloc

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Kyoung Kim ◽  
In-Kwon Jang ◽  
Seok Ryel Kim ◽  
Jea Chun Jeon ◽  
Su Kyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Serine Proteinase ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Artificial Substrate ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Marsupenaeus Japonicus ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract We investigated the effects of biofloc and artificial substrates (net and brush) on the growth and immunology of the postlarvae of Marsupenaeus japonicus (Spence Bate, 1888) reared for 30 days. The mRNA expressions of innate immune-related genes (prophenoloxidase, masquerade-like serine proteinase, and lysozyme) in the postlarvae were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The highest specific growth rate of larvae (3.66 ± 0.02% d–1, 3.75 ± 0.02% d–1) were shown in the net and control groups. The highest survival rate (90 ± 7.1%) was observed in the brush group (P < 0.05). The net yield was significantly higher in the artificial substrate groups (brush 36.60 ± 6.19 g m–2, net 36.46 ± 2.36 g m–2) than in the control (33.79 ± 0.16 g m–2) (P < 0.05). Total suspended, volatile suspended, and suspended solids were significantly lower in the brush group than in the other groups. The immune-related genes showed significantly higher expressions in the artificial substrate groups than in the control. These results support the benefits of artificial substrate in M. japonicus nursery culture to mitigate space competition and suppress cannibalism, with a positive effect on survival. The additional surface area provided by the biofloc, which the larvae can graze on, enhanced the expression of immune-related genes in individuals.

scholarly journals Microbial Metalloproteinases Mediate Sensing of Invading Pathogens and Activate Innate Immune Responses in the Lepidopteran Model Host Galleria mellonella

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boran Altincicek ◽  
Monica Linder ◽  
Dietmar Linder ◽  
Klaus T. Preissner ◽  
Andreas Vilcinskas
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Serine Proteinase ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Hemolymph Proteins ◽  
Immune Related Genes

ABSTRACT Thermolysin-like metalloproteinases such as aureolysin, pseudolysin, and bacillolysin represent virulence factors of diverse bacterial pathogens. Recently, we discovered that injection of thermolysin into larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, mediated strong immune responses. Thermolysin-mediated proteolysis of hemolymph proteins yielded a variety of small-sized (<3 kDa) protein fragments (protfrags) that are potent elicitors of innate immune responses. In this study, we report the activation of a serine proteinase cascade by thermolysin, as described for bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), that results in subsequent prophenoloxidase activation leading to melanization, an elementary immune defense reaction of insects. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analyses of the expression of immune-related genes encoding the inducible metalloproteinase inhibitor, gallerimycin, and lysozyme demonstrated increased transcriptional rates after challenge with purified protfrags similar to rates after challenge with LPS. Additionally, we determined the induction of a similar spectrum of immune-responsive proteins that were secreted into the hemolymph by using comparative proteomic analyses of hemolymph proteins from untreated larvae and from larvae that were challenged with either protfrags or LPS. Since G. mellonella was recently established as a valuable pathogenicity model for Cryptococcus neoformans infection, the present results add to our understanding of the mechanisms of immune responses in G. mellonella. The obtained results support the proposed danger model, which suggests that the immune system senses endogenous alarm signals during infection besides recognition of microbial pattern molecules.

scholarly journals The Repercussion of Ai Chi on Aged People’s Balance

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Pablo Javier Olabe Sánchez ◽  
Andrés Martínez-Almagro Andreo
Keyword(s):  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Risk Of Fall ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect

To practice strength and balance activities are shown as useful tools to fall prevention by diverse metanalysis. On the other side, aquatic environment offers interesting properties for a therapeutic reeducation, being the Ai Chi one of its applications. Aim: To evaluate the repercussion of an Ai Chi programme on aged people’s balance. Method: A randomized controlled trial was developed comparing two groups formed by aged people with risk of fall according to the Timed Up & Go test. Intervention Group (IG) followed twelve Ai Chi sessions combined with their thermal programme; and Control Group (CG) just followed the thermal programme. Both groups spent two weeks in the Balneario of Archena (Murcia, Spain). Results: Both groups improve their balance; however, only the IG reached the non-risk of fall from the Timed Up & Go test. Conclusions: The combination of Ai Chi sessions and a thermal programme had a positive effect on aged people’s balance, showing a therapeutic and clinical relevance.

Suppressed Immune-Related Profile Rescues Abortion-Prone Fetuses: A Novel Insight Into the CBA/J × DBA/2J Mouse Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1485-1492
Author(s):  
Xiaochun Yi ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Huixiang Liu ◽  
Tianxia Yi ◽  
Yuhua Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Poor Treatment Outcome ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Upregulated Genes ◽  
Tgf Β1

The adverse clinical result and poor treatment outcome in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) make it necessary to understand the pathogenic mechanism. The mating combination CBA/J × DBA/2 has been widely used as an abortion-prone model compared to DBA/2-mated CBA/J mice. Here, we used RNA-seq to get a comprehensive catalogue of genes differentially expressed between survival placenta in abortion-prone model and control. Five hundred twenty-four differentially expressed genes were obtained followed by clustering analysis, Gene Ontology analysis, and pathway analysis. We paid more attention to immune-related genes namely “immune response” and “immune system process” including 33 downregulated genes and 28 upregulated genes. Twenty-one genes contribute to suppressing immune system and 7 are against it. Six genes were validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, namely Ccr1l1, Tlr4, Tgf-β1, Tyro3, Gzmb, and Il-1β. Furthermore, Tlr4, Tgf-β1, and Il-1β were analyzed by Western blot. Such immune profile gives us a better understanding of the complicated immune processing in RSA and immunosuppression can rescue pregnancy loss.

Suggestions of China Participating in Global Recyclable Resources Circulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 996-999
Author(s):  
Mo Zhang ◽  
Jing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Recyclable Resources ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect

Development of recyclable resources industry makes a positive effect to alleviate the shortage of resources and control environmental pollution. At present, China's recyclable resources industry still has some problems. The Government should vigorously develop recyclable resources industry and participate in global recyclable resources circulation in the future.

Enhancement of iron availability by some organic materials

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Parsa ◽  
A. Wallace ◽  
J. P. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Iron Availability ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
And Control ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Positive Effect

SUMMARYIn a preliminary laboratory experiment in Iran, not reported here, 5 out of 30 plant materials incorporated into a highly calcareous soil had a positive effect on increasing the DTPA- (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid)-extractable Fe and all except one significantly increased the vegetative growth of sorghum. The plant materials included Lawsonia inermis L., Malva silvestris L., Zyzyphus nummularia Wak. and Lavandula carnopifolia L. A glasshouse study was repeated with two California soils pretreated with 0·5% Fe2O3 to determine if these organic materials have practical value in making Fe available to plants. A calcareous, Fe-deficient Hacienda (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic aquic natrargid) and a non-calcareous Yolo (fine-silty, mixed, non-acid, thermic typic xerothents). The previously mentioned organic materials and Laminaria saccharina L. (Lamour) were incorporated into the soils at two rates, 15000 and 20000μg/g, as air dry and in ash form. An adequate supply of major and micronutrients other than Fe was ensured. Other treatments included 5 μg Fe/g as FeSO4, Fe-138 chelate and control. All of the plant materials with the exception of L. carnopifolia significantly increased dry-matter yield and Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn uptake by sorghum in the Hacienda soil. In the Yolo soil the above were not significant. Thin-layer chromatography of the extracts of the plant materials revealed the presence of significant quantities of phenolic substances.

scholarly journals Hari Widi Utomo Teaching Writing of Recount Text Using “Freeze! Freeze!” Game in Junior High School Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Hari Widi Utomo
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
T Test ◽  
Teaching Writing ◽  
School Level ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Junior High School Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect

One of the most difficult skills in English lesson is teaching writing. Therefore, this study aims to find out the effectiveness of “Freeze! Freeze!” game for teaching writing on grade eight students of SMP N 1 Rakit, Banjarnegara. This study is an experimental research at SMP N 1 Rakit. This study consisted of two groups which are experimental and control groups. In collecting the data, the writer used a test and the result was analyzed by using a t-test to find out the effect of the treatment. After analyzing the data, the writer found that there was a positive effect of the use of “Freeze! Freeze!” game in teaching writing of recount text. It could be seen from the result of hypothesis testing that the t-test was higher than the t-table (3.792>1.997). Thus, it can be concluded that the use of “Freeze! Freeze!” game in teaching writing of recount text was effective.

scholarly journals The Effect of Perioperative Warming Measures for Major Abdominal Surgery on Postoperative Hypothermia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Major Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Surgical Nurses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Assessment Sheet ◽  
Perioperative Assessment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect

Aim of the study: was to determine the effect of perioperative warming measures for major abdominal surgery on postoperative hypothermia. Setting: The current study was conducted in operating room at Emergency Hospital of Menoufia University, Menoufia Governorate. Subjects: A purposive sample consists of 100 adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery were randomly divided and assigned alternatively into two equal groups; 50 for each group. Tools: Three tools were used for data collection. Structured interview questionnaire: knowledge assessment sheet, perioperative assessment sheet, and shivering scale. Results: There was a highly significant difference between study and control groups regarding mean perioperative temperature at all times of interval of measurements p<0.001.Also there was a highly significant difference between study and control groups concerning postoperative shiveringP<0.001. Conclusions: Usage of perioperative warming measures for major abdominal surgery has a positive effect on the prevention of postoperative hypothermia and shivering. Recommendations: All staff of surgical nurses should be encouraged to be familial with perioperative warming measures and use these measures in order to maintain perioperative normothermia and prevent postoperative hypothermia.

scholarly journals Effect of selenium nanoparticles on the formation of the corn crop

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
O. V. Chernikova ◽  
L. E. Ampleeva ◽  
Yu. A. Mazhaisky
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Corn Grains

Peculiarities of yield formation of maize variety Obskiy 140 the cultivation of it with the use of selenium nanoparticles of an optimum concentration. The experiment was carried out in soil culture in 3-fold repetition. Agrochemical parameters of soil: рН 6,2; the КСl humus of 2.6%; P O 204 mg/kg and K O 219 mg/kg soil. Four variants of the experiment were developed: control 1 (dry seeds), 2 5 2 control 2 (soaking seeds in water), NP Se inlay (semi-dry etching) and NP Se soaking (30 minutes before sowing at the rate of 0,1 g/ha of NP selenium). In the experiments, NP Se containing 3,7 mg of nanopreparation Se in 1 liter of water was used. The positive effect of selenium nanoparticles on the growth processes of maize seeds: germination, germination energy, growth force is shown. Se NP seed treatment increases germination energy by 6,90 and 9,13%, laboratory germination by 4,67 and 8,34%, growth strength by 26,32 and 31,05%, respectively, control 2 (soaking in water) and control 1 (dry change). Under adverse conditions, the use of selenium nanoparticles increases the growth of plants in height. Positive effect on the accumulation of starch in corn grains inlay NP Se, and soaking in this drug increases the content of protein fractions. The greatest increase in the yield of dry corn phytomass provides soaking seeds with selenium nanoparticles, which is caused by an increase in the yield of green corn mass.

scholarly journals PENGARUH METODE PRAKTIKUM BERBANTUAN FLASH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI HIDROKARBON DI KELAS XI IPA SMA MUHAMMADIYAH PONTIANAK

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salmauwati Salmauwati ◽  
Muhamad Agus Wibowo ◽  
Dedeh Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Lecture Method ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect

ABSTRACTThis study was initiated by the students’ low learning outcomes on Chemistry subject and the teachers’ preference in using lecture method in teaching learning process.This study aimed at 1) finding out the differences of students’ learning outcomes between the use of flash media-assisted practical method and lecture method on hydrocarbon class at grade XI MIA of SMA Muhammadiyah I Pontianak. Using quasi experimental design and Control Group Posttes Design, this study employed the students of grade XI MIA 2 as the samples of experiment group, andthe students of grade XI MIA 2 as the samples of control group. The data collection techniques used were measurement and observation. While the instruments employed were observation sheet and essay. TheU-Mann Whitneytest revealed that the post test score of 0,0140< 0,05 Ho was rejected, while the Ha one was accepted. It means that there was correlation of students’ learning outcomes between the experiment and the control groups. In addition, the effect size result was 1,086 > 0,8 and considered high which indicated the positive effect of flash media-assisted practical method in enhancing students’ learning achievement.Keywords: flash, learning outcomes, hydrocarbon, practical method

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