scholarly journals Prepartum fatty acid supplementation in sheep. III. Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid during finishing on performance, hypothalamus gene expression, and muscle fatty acids composition in lambs1

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 5300-5310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Carranza Martin ◽  
Danielle Nicole Coleman ◽  
Lyda Guadalupe Garcia ◽  
Cecilia C Furnus ◽  
Alejandro E Relling
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation

The effects of n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil on genetic and metabolic profiles in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (7) ◽  
pp. 792-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehri Jamilian ◽  
Zohreh Tabassi ◽  
Željko Reiner ◽  
Ida Panahandeh ◽  
Fatemeh Naderi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Acid Supplementation

AbstractThe present study was performed to evaluate the effects of n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil on genetic and metabolic profiles in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in sixty women with GDM. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to intake either 2 × 1000 mg/d n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil containing 400 mg α-linolenic acid in each capsule (n 30) or placebo (n 30) for 6 weeks. n-3 Fatty acid intake up-regulated PPAR-γ (P < 0·001) and LDL receptor (P = 0·004) and down-regulated gene expression of IL-1 (P = 0·002) and TNF-α (P = 0·001) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of subjects with GDM. In addition, n-3 fatty acid supplementation reduced fasting plasma glucose (P = 0·001), insulin levels (P = 0·001) and insulin resistance (P < 0·001) and increased insulin sensitivity (P = 0·005) when compared with the placebo. Additionally, n-3 fatty acid supplementation was associated with a decrease in TAG (P < 0·001), VLDL-cholesterol (P < 0·001), total cholesterol (P = 0·01) and total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (P = 0·01) when compared with placebo. n-3 Fatty acid administration was also associated with a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P = 0·006) and malondialdehyde (P < 0·001), and an increase in total nitrite (P < 0·001) and total glutathione levels (P = 0·006) when compared with the placebo. n-3 Fatty acid supplementation for 6 weeks to women with GDM had beneficial effects on gene expression related to insulin, lipid and inflammation, glycaemic control, lipids, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Resolvins D1, D2, and Other Mediators of Self-Limited Resolution of Inflammation in Human Blood following n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1476-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Mas ◽  
Kevin D Croft ◽  
Paul Zahra ◽  
Anne Barden ◽  
Trevor A Mori
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Resolution Of Inflammation ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation

Abstract BACKGROUND Resolvins and protectins are families of local lipid mediators generated from the n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during self-limited resolution of inflammation. We aimed to develop a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay to measure these lipid mediators in human blood following n-3 fatty acid supplementation and to determine whether the blood collection method affects their measured concentration. METHODS Blood samples from 20 healthy volunteers enrolled in an n-3 fatty acid supplementation trial were collected in EDTA, heparin, or citrate, or prepared as serum after volunteers had undergone 3 weeks of supplementation. Plasma or serum was purified by solid-phase chromatography and analyzed with LC-MS/MS. RESULTS The assay identified 18R/S-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E-eicosapentaenoic acid (18R/S-HEPE); 17S-hydroxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (17R/S-HDHA); 7S,8R,17S-trihydroxy-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (RvD1); 7S,8R,17R-trihydroxy-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E19Z-docosahexaenoicacid (17R-RvD1); 7S,16R,17S-trihydroxy-4Z,8E,10Z,12E,14E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (RvD2); 10S,17S-dihydroxy-4Z,7Z,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoicacid (10S,17S-DiHDHA); and 10R,17S-dihydroxy-4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (protectin D1, PD1). The limits of detection and quantification were 3 pg and 6 pg on-column, respectively. The pathway precursors 18R/S-HEPE and 17R/S-HDHA, but not the resolvins, were lower in serum compared with plasma. After n-3 fatty acid supplementation, mean (SD) EDTA plasma concentrations were: 18R/S-HEPE 386 (56) pg/mL, 17R/S-HDHA 365 (65) pg/mL, RvD2 26 (4) pg/mL, RvD1 31 (5) pg/mL, and 17R-RvD 161 (7) pg/mL. 10S,17S-DiHDHA and PD1 concentrations were below the limit of quantification. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study reporting 17R/S-HDHA, RvD1, and RvD2 concentrations measured in human blood following oral n-3 fatty acid supplementation. The concentrations of the antiinflammatory lipid mediators RvD1 and RvD2 were within the biological range known to have antiinflammatory and proresolving activities in isolated human leukocytes and in in vivo studies in mice.

scholarly journals Changes in fatty acid levels (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefania Aparicio ◽  
Carla Martín-Grau ◽  
Carmen Hernández-Martinez ◽  
Nuria Voltas ◽  
Josefa Canals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Total N

Abstract Background During pregnancy a high amount of fatty acids (FA) is necessary to meet foetus demands, which vary during gestation. The present study describes the changes in maternal fatty acid concentrations during pregnancy in a sample of pregnant women. Methods This is a longitudinal study of 479 pregnant women who were monitored from the first trimester to third trimester of pregnancy. Data on maternal characteristics were recorded and a serum sample was collected in each trimester. The fatty acid profile (saturated (SFA: total, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid), monounsaturated (MUFA: total, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA: total omega-6 (n-6), linoleic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid (AA), total omega-3 (n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) was analysed with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combination. Results From the first trimester to third trimester of pregnancy, a significant increase in total SFA, total MUFA and total n-6 PUFA was found. (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, the serum concentration of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and total n-3 PUFA decreased during gestation (p < 0.001). A statistically non-significant result was observed for the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) serum concentration between the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Significant correlations were observed between each total fatty acid concentrations of the first and third trimesters. Conclusion The circulating serum concentration of SFA, MUFA and n-6 PUFA increases during pregnancy, whereas essential fatty acids such as AA and EPA decrease, and DHA remains unchanged. Further research is necessary to understand the role played by FA throughout gestation.

The effect of Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: A systematic review

Lupus ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 096120332110679
Author(s):  
Nina Ramessar ◽  
Abhilasha Borad ◽  
Naomi Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Objective Many rheumatologists are inundated with questions about what “natural remedies” and “anti-autoimmune diets” exist for decreasing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) disease activity. Over the last three decades, there has been an abundance of data from several different trials about omega-3 fatty acids sourced from fish oil, but the findings have been contradictory. This review seeks to present this data so that evidence-based recommendations can be given to patients, supporting the use of an adjuvant regimen with their present immunosuppression. Methods A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and Scopus electronic databases to retrieve relevant articles for this review. Trials conducted on human subjects with SLE with full publications in English were included from 1 January 1980 to 1 April 2021. The impact of fish oil-derived omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on specific clinical features, the innate and adaptive immune response, biomarkers, and disease activity measures were assessed. The initial search yielded 7519 articles, but only 13 met our criteria and were eligible for this review. Results Data from thirteen articles were assessed. Ten trials assessed disease activity as an outcome, with eight trials demonstrating an improvement in patients in the omega-3 fatty acid group as assessed by a validated clinical tool or individual patient criteria. There was a significant improvement in Systemic Lupus Activity Measure-Revised (SLAM-R) scores at week 12 ( p = .009) and week 24 ( p < .001). Additionally, a reduction of urinary 8-isoprostane, a non-invasive marker of disease activity, was observed. There was no treatment benefit seen with respect to renal parameters such as serum creatinine or 24-hour urine protein; or systemic parameters such as C3, C4, or anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) levels regardless of the dose of the omega-3 LUPUS fatty acids or duration of the trial. Conclusion While there is conflicting evidence about the benefits of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on SLE disease activity, specific measures have demonstrated benefits. Current data show that there is a potential benefit on disease activity as demonstrated by SLAM-R, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), and British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) scores and plasma membrane arachidonic acid composition and urinary 8-isoprostane levels, with minimal adverse events.

scholarly journals Increases in Colonic Bacterial Diversity after ω-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Predict Decreased Colonic Prostaglandin E2 Concentrations in Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (7) ◽  
pp. 1170-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zora Djuric ◽  
Christine M Bassis ◽  
Melissa A Plegue ◽  
Ananda Sen ◽  
D Kim Turgeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Baseline Body Mass Index ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation

ABSTRACT Background The intestinal microbiome is an important determinant of inflammatory balance in the colon that may affect response to dietary agents. Objective This is a secondary analysis of a clinical trial, the Fish Oil Study, to determine whether interindividual differences in colonic bacteria are associated with variability in the reduction of colonic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations after personalized supplementation with ω-3 (n–3) fatty acids. Methods Forty-seven healthy adults (17 men, 30 women, ages 26–75 y) provided biopsy samples of colonic mucosa and luminal stool brushings before and after personalized ω-3 fatty acid supplementation that was based on blood fatty acid responses. Samples were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. The data analyses focused on changes in bacterial community diversity. Linear regression was used to evaluate factors that predict a reduction in colonic PGE2. Results At baseline, increased bacterial diversity, as measured by the Shannon and Inverse Simpson indexes in both biopsy and luminal brushing samples, was positively correlated with dietary fiber intakes and negatively correlated with fat intakes. Dietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids increased the Yue and Clayton community dis-similarity index between the microbiome in luminal brushings and colon biopsy samples post-supplementation (P = 0.015). In addition, there was a small group of individuals with relatively high Prevotella abundance who were resistant to the anti-inflammatory effects of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation. In linear regression analyses, increases in diversity of the bacteria in the luminal brushing samples, but not in the biopsy samples, were significant predictors of lower colonic PGE2 concentrations post-supplementation in models that included baseline PGE2, baseline body mass index, and changes in colonic eicosapentaenoic acid–to–arachidonic acid ratios. The changes in bacterial diversity contributed to 6–8% of the interindividual variance in change in colonic PGE2 (P = 0.001). Conclusions Dietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids had little effect on intestinal bacteria in healthy humans; however, an increase in diversity in the luminal brushings significantly predicted reductions in colonic PGE2. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT 01860352.

Effects of exercise and n–3 fatty acids on postprandial lipemia

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 2199-2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom R. Thomas ◽  
Brian A. Fischer ◽  
William B. Kist ◽  
Kristen E. Horner ◽  
Richard H. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Parallel Experiment ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Fat Meal

Because n–3 fatty acid ingestion and aerobic exercise each has been associated with diminished postprandial lipemia (PPL), the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a combination of these two factors on PPL. Sedentary men underwent a standard dietary preparation, including a 12-h fast before each trial. Six subjects performed a control trial (fat meal, 100 g fat) and an n–3 fatty acid trial (fat meal after 3 wk of n–3 fatty acid supplementation at 4 g/day). In a parallel experiment, six different subjects underwent a control trial and n–3 fatty acid supplementation + 60 min of exercise before ingestion of the fat meal. Supplementation with n–3 fatty acid significantly decreased baseline triglyceride (TG) concentrations but did not significantly affect PPL. The combination of n–3 fatty acid and exercise had no effect on the postprandial TG response. The present study suggests that n–3 fatty acid supplementation lowers resting TG concentrations but inhibits the beneficial effect of aerobic exercise on the postprandial TG response.

Hydrolysis of long-chain, n-3 fatty acid enriched chylomicrons by cardiac lipoprotein lipase

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 813-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryna Levy ◽  
Gene R Herzberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Long Chain

The hydrolysis of chylomicrons enriched in long-chain n-3 fatty acids by cardiac lipoprotein lipase was studied. In 60 min, 24.8% of the triacylglycerol fatty acids were released as free fatty acids. The fatty acids were hydrolyzed at different rates. DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3) were released at rates significantly less than average. Stearic acid (18:0), 20:1n-9, and alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) were released significantly faster than average. There was no relationship between the rate of release of a fatty acid and the number of carbons or the number of double bonds. Lipoprotein lipase selectively hydrolyzes the fatty acids of chylomicron triacylglycerols. This selectively will result in remnants that are relatively depleted in 18:0, 20:1, and 18:3 and relatively enriched in 20:5 and 22:6.Key words: lipoprotein lipase, chylomicrons, fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid.

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