scholarly journals Carcass fabrication yields of beef steers supplemented zilpaterol hydrochloride and offered ad libitum or maintenance energy intake1

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 3173-3183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela N Schmitz ◽  
Lee-Anne J Walter ◽  
Wade T Nichols ◽  
John P Hutcheson ◽  
Ty E Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Zilpaterol Hydrochloride ◽  
Ad Libitum

scholarly journals Live growth performance, carcass grading characteristics, and harvest yields of beef steers supplemented zilpaterol hydrochloride and offered ad libitum or maintenance energy intake

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1688-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee-Anne Judy Walter ◽  
Angela Nicole Schmitz ◽  
Wade Taylor Nichols ◽  
John Paul Hutcheson ◽  
Ty Ellis Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Zilpaterol Hydrochloride ◽  
Ad Libitum

scholarly journals PSXII-3 Rumen microbiome from beef steers undergoing grain adaptation with steam-flaked corn varying in bulk density

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 446-447
Author(s):  
Kaue Tonelli Nardi ◽  
Kaliu G Scaranto Silva ◽  
Igor Gomes Favero ◽  
Jordan K Hinds ◽  
Carly A Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Microbiome Data ◽  
Adaptation Phase

Abstract The effects of steam-flaked corn bulk density during grain adaptation phase on ruminal microbiome were evaluated. Crossbred-Angus ruminally cannulated steers (n = 6; BW = 405 ± 42 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design (block = body weight) to 1 of 2 grain adaptation strategies: 1) steam-flaked corn (SFC) bulk density of 335 g/L; and 2) 412 g/L. Steers were ad libitum fed, individually, during 6-7d phases, consisting of: HAY, followed by the STEP-UP1 through STEP-UP4, diets, respectively, in which roughage was gradually replaced with grain until FINISHER diet was fed. Respective SFC bulk densities were fed throughout STEP-UP diets, while the FINISHER diet consisted of 335 g/L strategy only for both groups. Ruminal fluid samples (100 mL) were collected on d-5 of each step, at 6h post-feeding for DNA extraction. Microbiome data were sequenced by Illumnia® NovaSeq™ 6000 (16S rRNA). The SFC bulk density did not affect (P > 0.50) the relative abundance (RA) for any taxonomy classification. Regardless of SFC bulk density, inclusion of grain throughout adaptation phases affected domain (P ≤ 0.03) when initial phases were compared to FINISHER. Phylum RA were affected (P ≤ 0.05) for Actinobacteria (27%), Bacteroidetes (11%), and Euryarchaeota (2%). Within Class RA were affected (P ≤ 0.04) for Clostridia (46%), Actinobacteria (27%), and Bacilli (5%). Order effects on RA were observed (P ≤ 0.04) for Clostridiales (45%), Coriobacteriales (25%), and Lactobacillales (4%). Within Family RA was affected (P ≤ 0.03) for Coriobacteriaceae (25%), Lachnospiraceae (27%), Ruminococcaceae (6%), and Lactobacillaceae (4%), while a tendency (P = 0.09) was observed for Veillonellaceae (1%). In Genus, RA was affected (P ≤ 0.01) for Olsenela (22%), Pediococcus (3%), and Butyrivibrio (3%). As steers advance through subsequent grain adaptation phases until the FINISHER, more meaningful ruminal microbiome changes are observed than SFC density change.

UTILIZATION OF GRASS SILAGE BY CATTLE: EFFECT OF BARLEY AND FISHMEAL SUPPLEMENTS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
M. IVAN ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
J. G. PROULX
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Following weaning at 6–7 mo of age, 36 beef steers were used to determine production responses when grass silage was supplemented with barley or fishmeal. The silage was made from direct-cut, formic- acid-treated grass harvested from a mixed sward and had a high nitrogen content but poor fermentation characteristics. The silage was fed ad libitum for 98 days either alone or supplemented with 500 g fishmeal or 500 g barley per day. Both fishmeal and barley increased total dry matter intake (P < 0.01) by an amount equivalent to the quantity of supplement offered but had no effect on silage intake (P > 0.05). Steers fed the fishmeal grew substantially faster than either the barley (0.53 kg/day) or unsupplemented (0.54 kg/day) groups (P < 0.01). Fishmeal supplementation resulted in a large reduction (35%) in the amount of feed required per kilogram of gain. Key words: Cattle, grass silage, fishmeal, growth

178 Grazing Toxic Endophyte-infected Tall Fescue Alters Monocyte Abundance and White Blood Cell Expression of Prolactin and NF-kB Pathway Genes in Beef Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
Cecilia Winfrey ◽  
Merlin D Lindemann ◽  
James Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Mrna Content ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Cell Expression

Abstract The hypotheses tested were that (a) summer-long (84 d) grazing of endophyte-infected tall fescue (TE) would alter the count of circulating leukocytes (WBC) and WBC expression of key prolactin and NF-kB pathway genes and (b) that ad libitum intake of an 1:1 blend (MIX) sodium selenite (ISe) and SELPLEX vs ISe in a vitamin-mineral mix (V-M, 27 ppm Se) would ameliorate negative TE effects. Sixteen TE-naïve beef steers depleted of Se were randomly assigned to ad libitum consumption of ISe vs MIX for 35 d. Within Se-form treatments, 2 steers (ISe = 316±37 kg, MIX = 314±39 kg) were randomly assigned to graze each of 4, 2-acre TE paddocks for 84 d and had ad libitum access to their respective V-M. Paddock was the experimental unit (n = 4). The MIXED procedure of SAS was used to assess effect of grazing TE (d 0 vs 84), Se-form (ISe vs MIX), and their interaction on clinical parameters WBC, and relative mRNA content (RT-PCR) in blood. Whole blood Se was 24% greater (P &lt; 0.01) for MIX steers and decreased (P &lt; 0.01) 34% by d 84. Serum prolactin decreased 88% by d 84 and was 98% greater (P &lt; 0.01) for MIX steers on d 84. Monocytes decreased (P &lt; 0.01) 47% with TE and were 67% lower (P = 0.04) in MIX steers. Grazing of TE altered mRNA content of CISH, STA5B, PPIB, AGAP2, and SPRLR; and IL-8, RELA, NFKBIA, TLR, IKBKG, ZAP70, and LCK; of the prolactin (P ≤ 0.05) and NF-kB (P ≤ 0.04) pathways, respectively. In contrast, Se form had no effect (P ≥ 0.07) on mRNA content. Summer-long consumption of TE by steers altered monocyte numbers and expression of prolactin and NF-kB genes, but ad libitum intake of MIX Se forms did not ameliorate these effects.

scholarly journals Effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation of beef steers and calf-fed Holstein steers on the color stability of top sirloin butt steaks1

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 3669-3676 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. VanOverbeke ◽  
G. G. Hilton ◽  
J. Green ◽  
M. Hunt ◽  
C. Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Stability ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Zilpaterol Hydrochloride

scholarly journals Performance of finishing beef steers in response to anabolic implant and zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation1

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 560-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Parr ◽  
K. Y. Chung ◽  
M. L. Galyean ◽  
J. P. Hutcheson ◽  
N. DiLorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Steers ◽  
Zilpaterol Hydrochloride

Macropods, feral goats, sheep and cattle: 1. Equivalency in how much they eat

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester Pahl
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Selective Foraging ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Digesta Passage

The extent to which goats and cattle eat equivalent amounts of forage as sheep has been based on their maintenance energy requirements (MERs) relative to a 50kg wether or dry ewe, known as a dry sheep equivalent (DSE). As such, a 50kg goat was considered 1 DSE and a 450kg steer as 7–8 DSE. In comparison, the DSE of macropods has been based on their basal metabolic rate (BMR) or energy expenditure of grazing (EEg) relative to those of sheep, with a 50kg macropod thought to be 0.7 and 0.45 DSE respectively. Based on published energy requirements of goats, macropods and cattle relative to sheep, their DSE values are estimated to be 1.2, 1.0 and 7.6 respectively. However, relative energy requirements may not be the same as relative dry matter intakes (DMIs), due to differences in forage quality, the structure of digestive tracts and selective foraging capabilities. Allometric equations that predict DMI were developed from published liveweights and intakes of sheep, goats, macropods and cattle. Given DMIs when fed high-quality forage, a 50kg goat was 1 DSE, a 50kg macropod was 0.7 DSE and a 450kg steer was 7.6 DSE. Their DMIs were depressed by 35–50% when fed low-quality forage, but a goat remained as 1 DSE, macropods increased to 1.0 DSE and cattle increased to 8.3 DSE. The capacity of macropods to maintain relatively higher DMIs of low-quality forage than sheep is probably due of their faster digesta passage rates and more expandable stomachs. These DMIs of animals provided ad-libitum quantities of similar forages in small pens are likely to differ from their DMIs when selectively grazing heterogeneous rangeland pastures. Under these conditions, sheep select higher-quality diets than cattle, and kangaroos select higher-quality diets than sheep, which increase the relative DMIs of the smaller herbivores. For this reason, a 50kg macropod is likely to be 1 DSE and consume twice as much forage than previously assumed.

scholarly journals Effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride feeding duration and postmortem aging on Warner-Bratzler shear force of three muscles from beef steers and heifers

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 3764-3769 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Brooks ◽  
H. C. Claus ◽  
M. E. Dikeman ◽  
J. Shook ◽  
G. G. Hilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Zilpaterol Hydrochloride ◽  
Postmortem Aging

Response of beef steers to diets based on big-bale silage supplemented with molassed sugar beet feed and two levels of fishmeal

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 198-198
Author(s):  
Y Rouzbehan ◽  
J H Topps ◽  
H Galbraith ◽  
J A Rooke
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Ad Libitum

Earlier work (Rouzbehan et al, 1991) has shown that supplementation of baled silage with molassed sugar beet feed (MSBF, 60 g/kg fresh weight) improved live weight gain (LUG) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) in sheep. It has been established that the protein in silage is not utilised as effectively by beef cattle as the protein in non-fermented forages (Thomas, 1982). Responses in the performance and carcass composition of finishing steers and heifers when silage-based diets have been supplemented with protein have proved to be variable. This trial was therefore carried out to examine the effects of feeding two levels of a protein supplement, fishmeal, in addition to MSBF, on the performance of beef steers fed big-bale silage ad libitum and to assess the nutritional value of such supplementation.

Net energy value of timothy and bromegrass silages for beef cattle

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Ouellet ◽  
J. R. Seoane ◽  
H. Lapierre ◽  
P. Flipot ◽  
J. F. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Net Energy Value

Metabolizable energy (ME), net energy for maintenance and net energy for growth of grass silages were evaluated by the comparative slaughter technique using a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial design. Sixty medium frame beef steers (259 ± 29 kg BW) were divided in groups of five and fed during 3 months either Timothy (T) or Bromegrass (B) harvested at stem elongation (S) of the first cut or at boot stage of the aftermath (A). Forages were fed at one of three levels of intake: ad libitum (FF), 80% of FF, or 65% of FF. Silages averaged 26.9% DM, 16.0% CP and 37.7% ADF. Regression of logarithm of heat production (HE) against ME intake were similar for all silages (log HE = 0.00046*ME + 2.4923; r2 = 0.89). From this equation, fasting HE of 311 kJ kg−0.75 d−1, ME for maintenance of 559 kJ kg−0.75 d−1 and efficiency of utilization of energy for maintenance of 56% were determined. Regression of ME intake against retained energy (RE) were similar for all silages. Efficiency of ME utilization for growth was 33% using the regression of ME over RE with a ME requirement for maintenance fixed at 559 kJ kg−0.75 d−1. Net energy for maintenance and growth were similar for all silages, averaging 6.17 and 3.70 MJ kg−1, respectively. The use of a prediction equation based on ADF of forages underestimated ME values of silages by approximately 25%. Moreover, NRC (1984) equations that estimate NE from experimentally estimated ME values tended to overestimate the net energy of our grass silages. Key words: Net energy, grass silages, timothy, bromegrass, beef cattle

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