Evaluation of vitamin A status on myogenic gene expression and muscle fiber characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly B Wellmann ◽  
Jongkyoo Kim ◽  
Phil M Urso ◽  
Zachary K Smith ◽  
Bradley J Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Mhc Iia

Abstract A randomized complete block design experiment with 30 yearling crossbred steers (average BW = 436.3 ± 39.8 kg) fed a steam-flaked corn-based diet was used to evaluate the effects dietary vitamin A (Rovimix A 1000; DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Sisseln, SUI) supplementation on myogenic gene expression and skeletal muscle fiber characteristics during the finishing phase. Steers were blocked by BW (n = 5 blocks; 6 steers/block), randomly assigned to pens (n = 2 steers/pen), and one of the following treatments: no added vitamin A (0 IU; 0.0 IU/kg of dietary dry matter intake of additional vitamin A), vitamin A supplemented at the estimated requirement (2,200 IU; 2,200 IU/kg of dietary dry matter (DM) of additional vitamin A), and vitamin A supplemented at 5× the estimated requirement (11,000 IU; 11,000 IU/kg of dietary DM of additional vitamin A). After all treatments underwent a 91-d vitamin A depletion period, additional vitamin A was top-dressed at feeding via a ground corn carrier. Blood, longissimus muscle, and liver biopsy samples were obtained on days 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112. Biopsy samples were used for immunohistochemical and mRNA analysis. Sera and liver samples were used to monitor circulating vitamin A and true vitamin A status of the cattle. Expression for myosin heavy chain (MHC)-I diminished and rebounded (P = 0.04) over time. The intermediate fiber type, MHC-IIA, had a similar pattern of expression (P = 0.01) to that of MHC-I. On day 84, C/EBPβ expression was also the greatest (P = 0.03). The pattern of PPARγ (P < 0.01) and PPARδ (P < 0.01) expression seemed to mimic that of MHC-I expression, increasing from days 84 to 112. Distribution of MHC-IIA demonstrated a change over time (P = 0.02). Muscle fiber cross-sectional area increased by day (P < 0.01) for each MHC with the notable increase between days 0 and 56. Total nuclei density decreased (P = 0.02) over time. Cells positive for only Myf5 increased (P < 0.01) in density early in the feeding period, then declined, indicating that satellite cells were fusing into fibers. The dual-positive (PAX7+Myf5) nuclei also peaked (P < 0.01) around day 56 then declined. These data indicated that gene expression associated with oxidative proteins may be independent of vitamin A status in yearling cattle.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the dietary vitamin A requirement of finishing steers via systematic depletion and repletion, and its effects on performance and carcass characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly B Wellmann ◽  
Jongkyoo Kim ◽  
Phil M Urso ◽  
Zachary K Smith ◽  
Bradley J Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Vitamin A Status

Abstract A randomized complete block design experiment with 30 yearling crossbred steers (initial average body weight [BW] = 297.6 ± 32.8 kg) fed a steam-flaked corn-based diet was used to evaluate finishing performance and carcass characteristics when provided with different concentrations of vitamin A (Rovimix A 1000; DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Sisseln, Switzerland) subsequent to a depletion phase. Steers were blocked by BW (n = 5 blocks; 6 steers per block), assigned to pens (n = 2 steers per pen), and randomly assigned to one of the following dietary treatments: no added vitamin A (0IU; 0.0 IU/kg dry matter [DM] basis of additional vitamin A), vitamin A supplemented at the estimated National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) requirement (2,200IU; 2,200 IU/kg of dietary DM of additional vitamin A), and vitamin A supplemented at 5× the estimated requirement (11,000IU; 11,000 IU/kg of dietary DM of additional vitamin A). The basal diet included minimal vitamin A activity (<200 IU of vitamin A activity/kg of dietary DM) via the provitamin A, beta-carotene. After all animals underwent a 91-d vitamin A depletion period, additional vitamin A was top-dressed at feeding via a ground corn carrier. Liver biopsy samples, BW, and blood were obtained on days −91, −35, 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112. Final BW was collected prior to shipping on day 112. Carcass data were collected by trained personnel upon harvest. Sera and liver samples were used to monitor circulating vitamin A and evaluate true vitamin A status of the cattle. Vitamin A status did not affect interim average daily gain or feed efficiency (G:F; P > 0.05). Throughout the duration of the study, dry matter intake for the 0IU cattle was depressed (P = 0.01). Differences were not observed across treatments for hot carcass weight, rib eye area, back fat thickness, kidney–pelvic–heart fat %, marbling score, or dressing percent (P ≥ 0.10). A treatment × day interaction occurred for both (P < 0.01) sera retinol and liver retinol during phase 2 of the trial. The treatments and sera retinol concentrations were incorporated into a repletion model, resulting in an estimation of liver retinol changes (P < 0.01; R2 = 0.682). However, models used to evaluate depleted animals were less effective. The current NASEM recommended that vitamin A requirement of 2,200 IU/kg is adequate for repletion of vitamin A status of feedlot steers.

Nutrient-Gene Interactions: Dietary Vitamin A and Mitochondrial Gene Expression

IUBMB Life ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen B. Everts ◽  
Daniel O. Claassen ◽  
Christina L. Hermoyian ◽  
Carolyn D. Berdanier
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene Expression

scholarly journals Evaluation of a two-generation rat model for vitamin A deficiency and the interrelationship with iron metabolism

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annet J. C. Roodenburg ◽  
Clive E. West ◽  
Robert Hovenier ◽  
Anton C. Beynen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Normal Vitamin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Plasma Retinol

In order to induce a range of vitamin A-deficient states in young growing rats and to study the effect of vitamin A deficiency on Fe status, we designed the following two-generation experiment. Dams were fed on diets with one of five vitamin A levels from 2 weeks before and throughout pregnancy and lactation. The pups received the same diets as their mothers both before and after weaning. The five dietary levels of vitamin A were 1200, 450, 150, 75 and 0 retinol equivalents/kg feed. Vitamin A intake did not affect reproduction outcome, nor were body and liver weights of the pups affected when they were 3·5 weeks old. Male pups with normal vitamin A status had higher plasma retinol levels than female pups. Vitamin A status of the offspring was affected from 3·5 weeks onwards. Body and liver weights were decreased in the male pups given the lowest dietary vitamin A levels from week 6·5 onwards but not in the female pups. Fe status was marginally affected. Haemoglobin levels were increased and total Fe-binding capacity was decreased in the groups given no dietary vitamin A at week 9·5. Splenic Fe was increased only in the male pups given the lowest levels of dietary vitamin A. However, as a whole, Fe status was only mildly affected and subject to considerable variation. We conclude that the two-generation rat model described here is not suitable for studying effects of vitamin A deficiency on Fe metabolism.

scholarly journals Multiple cytochrome P-450 genes are concomitantly regulated by vitamin A under steady-state conditions and by retinoic acid during hepatic first-pass metabolism

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Catharine Ross ◽  
Christopher J. Cifelli ◽  
Reza Zolfaghari ◽  
Nan-qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Wide Range

Vitamin A (retinol) is an essential precursor for the production of retinoic acid (RA), which in turn is a major regulator of gene expression, affecting cell differentiation throughout the body. Understanding how vitamin A nutritional status, as well as therapeutic retinoid treatment, regulates the expression of retinoid homeostatic genes is important for improvement of dietary recommendations and therapeutic strategies using retinoids. This study investigated genes central to processes of retinoid uptake and storage, release to plasma, and oxidation in the liver of rats under steady-state conditions after different exposures to dietary vitamin A (deficient, marginal, adequate, and supplemented) and acutely after administration of a therapeutic dose of all- trans-RA. Over a very wide range of dietary vitamin A, lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) as well as multiple cytochrome P-450s (CYP26A1, CYP26B1, and CYP2C22) differed by diet and were highly correlated with one another and with vitamin A status assessed by liver retinol concentration (all correlations, P < 0.05). After acute treatment with RA, the same genes were rapidly and concomitantly induced, preceding retinoic acid receptor (RAR)β, a classical direct target of RA. CYP26A1 mRNA exhibited the greatest dynamic range (change of log 26 in 3 h). Moreover, CYP26A1 increased more rapidly in the liver of RA-primed rats than naive rats, evidenced by increased CYP26A1 gene expression and increased conversion of [3H]RA to polar metabolites. By in situ hybridization, CYP26A1 mRNA was strongly regulated within hepatocytes, closely resembling retinol-binding protein (RBP)4 in location. Overall, whether RA is produced endogenously from retinol or administered exogenously, changes in retinoid homeostatic gene expression simultaneously favor both retinol esterification and RA oxidation, with CYP26A1 exhibiting the greatest dynamic change.

scholarly journals DESEMPENHO DE Lactuca sativa (ALFACE) DIANTE DO AUMENTO DA DENSIDADE DE CULTIVOS CONSORCIADOS EM HORTAS AGROFLORESTAIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 202033
Author(s):  
Aruana Vargas Couto ◽  
Arcângelo Loss ◽  
Giorgini Augusto Venturieri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Species Succession ◽  
De Se ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Regulation Services ◽  
Over Time

Lactuca sativa (ALFACE) PERFORMANCE DURING INCREASE IN THE DENSITY OF INTERCROPPED IN AGROFOREST GARDENSRENDIMIENTO DE Lactuca sativa (ALFACE) DURANTE EL AUMENTO DE LA DENSIDAD DE LOS CULTIVOS INTERCALADOS EN LOS JARDINES AGROFORESTALESRESUMOFoi realizado um experimento para verificar se a consorciação de um número crescente de cultivos olerícolas, escolhidos de acordo com a lógica da sucessão de espécies no espaço ao longo do tempo, afetaria a produção de matéria seca de Lactuca sativa (alface) em hortas agroflorestais. O delineamento experimental foi em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com um fator em três níveis, e quatro repetições. A eficiência dos consórcios foi estimada pela matéria seca de L. sativa. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento do número de espécies consorciadas e consequente densidade de plantio não influenciou o parâmetro avaliado. Isto evidencia uma vantagem cultural conferida pelos consórcios sucessionais testados, uma vez que foram conduzidos sem a aplicação de insumos sintéticos e tóxicos, além de se obter uma produção de alimentos de qualidade diferenciada dos convencionais e prestar serviços ecossistêmicos de regulação. Não houve perdas produtivas para L. sativa decorrentes do adensamento dos cultivos.Palavras-chave: Agrofloresta; Sucessão Ecológica; Agricultura Sintrópica.ABSTRACTAn experiment was carried out to verify if the intercropping of a growing number of vegetables, chosen according to the logic of species succession over time, would affect the production of dry matter of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) in agroforestry gardens. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with one factor at three levels and four replications. Consortium efficiency was estimated by L. sativa dry matter. The results showed that the increase of the number of intercropping species and consequent planting density did not influence the evaluated parameter. This evidences a cultural advantage conferred by the successional consortiums tested, since without the application of synthetic and toxic inputs, besides obtaining a production of quality differentiated of food conventional and providing ecosystem regulation services. There were no productive losses for L. sativa due to the densification of crops.Keywords: Agroforestry; Ecological Succession; Syntropic Agriculture.RESUMENSe llevó a cabo un experimento para verificar si el cultivo intercalado de un número creciente de verduras, elegidos de acuerdo con la lógica de sucesión de especies a lo largo del tiempo, afectaría la producción de materia seca de Lactuca sativa (lechuga) en jardines agroforestales. El diseño experimental fue un diseño de bloques completos al azar con un factor en tres niveles y cuatro repeticiones. La eficiencia del consorcio fue estimada por la materia seca de L. sativa. Los resultados mostraron que el aumento del número de especies intercaladas y la consiguiente densidad de siembra no influyeron en el parámetro evaluado. Esto evidencia una ventaja cultural conferida por los consorcios sucesionales probados, ya que se realizaron sin la aplicación de insumos sintéticos y tóxicos, además obtener producción de alimentos de calidad diferenciada de los convencionales y la prestación de servicios de regulación del ecosistema. No hubo pérdidas productivas para L. sativa debido a la densificación de los cultivos.Palabras clave: Agroforestería; Sucesión Ecológica; Agricultura sintrópica. 

scholarly journals The effect of retinyl palmitate added to iron-fortified maize porridge on erythrocyte incorporation of iron in African children with vitamin A deficiency

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Davidsson ◽  
Pierre Adou ◽  
Christophe Zeder ◽  
Thomas Walczyk ◽  
Richard Hurrell
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Before And After

Retinyl palmitate added to Fe-fortified maize bread has been reported to enhance Fe absorption in adult Venezuelan subjects but not in Western Europeans. It is not known to what extent these results were influenced by differences in vitamin A status of the study subjects. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of retinyl palmitate added to Fe-fortified maize porridge on erythrocyte incorporation of Fe in children with vitamin A deficiency, before and after vitamin A supplementation. Erythrocyte incorporation of Fe-stable isotopes was measured 14 d after intake of maize porridge (2·0 mg Fe added as ferrous sulfate) with and without added retinyl palmitate (3·5 μmol; 3300 IU). The study was repeated 3 weeks after vitamin A supplementation (intake of a single dose of 210 μmol retinyl palmitate; ‘vitamin A capsule’). Vitamin A status was evaluated by the modified relative dose–response (MRDR) technique. Retinyl palmitate added to the test meal reduced the geometric mean erythrocyte incorporation of Fe at baseline from 4·0 to 2·6 % (P=0·008, n 13; paired t test). At 3 weeks after vitamin A supplementation, geometric mean erythrocyte incorporation was 1·9 and 2·3 % respectively from the test meal with and without added retinyl palmitate (P=0·283). Mean dehydroretinol:retinol molar ratios were 0·156 and 0·125 before and after intake of the single dose of 210 μmol retinyl palmitate; ‘vitamin A capsule’ (P=0·15). In conclusion, retinyl palmitate added to the labelled test meals significantly decreased erythrocyte incorporation of Fe in children with vitamin A deficiency at baseline but had no statistically significant effect 3 weeks after vitamin A supplementation. The difference in response to retinyl palmitate added to Fe-fortified maize porridge on erythrocyte incorporation of Fe before and after intake of the vitamin A capsule indicates, indirectly, changes in vitamin A status not measurable by the MRDR technique. The lack of conclusive data on the effect of retinyl palmitate on Fe absorption indicates the complexity of the interactions between vitamin A status, dietary vitamin A and Fe metabolism.

Effect of resistance training on single muscle fiber contractile function in older men

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Trappe ◽  
David Williamson ◽  
Michael Godard ◽  
David Porter ◽  
Greg Rowden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Single Muscle ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mhc Iia

The purpose of this study was to examine single cell contractile mechanics of skeletal muscle before and after 12 wk of progressive resistance training (PRT) in older men ( n = 7; age = 74 ± 2 yr and weight = 75 ± 5 kg). Knee extensor PRT was performed 3 days/wk at 80% of one-repetition maximum. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the vastus lateralis before and after PRT (pre- and post-PRT, respectively). For analysis, chemically skinned single muscle fibers were studied at 15°C for peak tension [the maximal isometric force (Po)], unloaded shortening velocity ( V o), and force-velocity parameters. In this study, a total of 199 (89 pre- and 110 post-PRT) myosin heavy chain (MHC) I and 99 (55 pre- and 44 post-PRT) MHC IIa fibers were reported. Because of the minimal number of hybrid fibers identified post-PRT, direct comparisons were limited to MHC I and IIa fibers. Muscle fiber diameter increased 20% (83 ± 1 to 100 ± 1 μm) and 13% (86 ± 1 to 97 ± 2 μm) in MHC I and IIa fibers, respectively ( P < 0.05). Po was higher ( P < 0.05) in MHC I (0.58 ± 0.02 to 0.90 ± 0.02 mN) and IIa (0.68 ± 0.02 to 0.85 ± 0.03 mN) fibers. Muscle fiber V o was elevated 75% (MHC I) and 45% (MHC IIa) after PRT ( P < 0.05). MHC I and IIa fiber power increased ( P < 0.05) from 7.7 ± 0.5 to 17.6 ± 0.9 μN · fiber lengths · s−1 and from 25.5 to 41.1 μN · fiber lengths · s−1, respectively. These data indicate that PRT in elderly men increases muscle cell size, strength, contractile velocity, and power in both slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers. However, it appears that these changes are more pronounced in the MHC I muscle fibers.

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