scholarly journals Vitamin and mineral supplementation and rate of gain during the first trimester of gestation affect concentrations of amino acids in maternal serum and allantoic fluid of beef heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Clara B Menezes ◽  
Kacie L McCarthy ◽  
Cierrah J Kassetas ◽  
Friederike Baumgaertner ◽  
James D Kirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Fluid Compartments ◽  
D 83

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding vitamin and mineral (VTM) supplement and (or) rate of gain (GAIN) during early gestation on amino acid (AA) concentrations in allantoic fluid (ALF) and amniotic fluid (AMF) and maternal serum. Seventy-two crossbred Angus heifers (initial BW = 359.5 ± 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with main effects of VTM supplement (VTM or NoVTM) and rate of gain (GAIN; low gain [LG], 0.28 kg/d, vs. moderate gain [MG], 0.79 kg/d). The VTM treatment (113 g•heifer−1•d−1, provided macro and trace minerals and vitamins A, D, and E to meet 110% of the requirements specified by the NASEM in Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/19014, 2016) was initiated 71 to 148 d before artificial insemination (AI). To complete the factorial arrangement of treatments, at breeding heifers were either maintained on the basal diet (LG), or received MG diet which was implemented by adding a protein/energy supplement to the LG diet. Thirty-five gestating heifers with female fetuses were ovariohysterectomized on d 83 of gestation and maternal serum, ALF, and AMF were collected. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of neutral AA: Ala, Asn, Cys, Gln, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr, and Val; cationic AA: Arg, His, and Lys; and anionic AA: Asp and Glu. In serum, a VTM × GAIN interaction (P = 0.02) was observed for Glu, with greater concentrations for VTM-LG than VTM-MG. Concentrations of serum Cys, Met, and Trp were greater (P ≤ 0.03) for MG than LG. In ALF, concentrations of Glu were affected by a VTM × GAIN interaction, where VTM-MG was greater (P < 0.01) than all other treatments. Further, ALF from VTM had increased (P ≤ 0.05) concentrations of His, Asp, and 12 of the 14 neutral AA; whereas GAIN affected concentrations of Arg, Cys, and Asp, with greater concentrations (P ≤ 0.05) in MG heifers. In AMF, AA concentrations were not affected (P ≥ 0.10) by VTM, GAIN, or their interaction. In conclusion, increased concentrations of AA in maternal serum and ALF of beef heifers were observed at d 83 of gestation in response to VTM supplementation and rate of gain of 0.79 kg/d, which raises important questions regarding the mechanisms responsible for AA uptake and balance between the maternal circulation and fetal fluid compartments.

scholarly journals 218 Effects of feeding a vitamin and mineral supplement and (or) an energy supplement on concentrations of amino acids in beef heifer serum and fetal fluids at d 83 of gestation

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 151-152
Author(s):  
Ana Clara B Menezes ◽  
Kacie L McCarthy ◽  
Cierrah J Kassetas ◽  
Friederike Baumgaertner ◽  
James D Kirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Beef Heifer ◽  
Fluid Compartments ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Angus Heifers ◽  
D 83

Abstract Objectives were to evaluate effects of feeding vitamin and mineral (VTM) and (or) energy (NRG) supplements on concentrations of amino acids (AA) in heifer serum and allantoic (ALF) and amniotic (AMF) fluids at d 83 of gestation. Thirty-five crossbred Angus heifers (body weight = 359.5 ± 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments (n = 8 or 9/group) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with main effects of vitamin and mineral (NoVTM or VTM) and energy (NoNRG or NRG) supplements. Heifers were fed a basal total mixed ration once daily with VTM and NRG treatments top-dressed. The VTM treatment (113 g•heifer-1•d-1) was initiated 71 to 148 d before artificial insemination (AI). The NRG treatment was initiated at AI targeting gains of 0.28 kg/d for NoNRG and 0.79 kg/d for NRG. Serum, ALF, and AMF were collected at d 83 ± 0.27 of gestation and analyzed for concentrations of AA. In serum, a VTM × NRG interaction (P = 0.02) was observed for Glu, with greater concentrations for VTM-NoNRG than VTM-NRG. Concentrations of serum Cys, Met, and Trp were greater (P ≤ 0.03) for NRG than No-NRG. In ALF, concentrations of Glu were affected by a VTM × NRG interaction, where VTM-NRG was greater (P < 0.01) than all others. In ALF, VTM increased (P ≤ 0.05) concentrations of His, Asp, and 12 of the 14 neutral AA, whereas NRG increased (P ≤ 0.05) Arg, Cys, and Asp. In AMF, AA concentrations were not affected (P ≥ 0.10) by VTM, NRG, or their interaction. In conclusion, an increase in neutral AA concentration in ALF from beef heifers was observed at d 83 of gestation with VTM supplementation, suggesting effects on the mechanisms of AA uptake and balance between the maternal circulation and fetal fluid compartments.

scholarly journals PSVIII-37 Late-Breaking Abstract: Effects of feeding a vitamin and mineral supplement and (or) an energy supplement on the abundance of SLC7A5 transporter in beef heifer placentomes at d 83 of gestation

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 346-347
Author(s):  
Ana Clara B Menezes ◽  
Kacie L McCarthy ◽  
Cierrah J Kassetas ◽  
Friederike Baumgaertner ◽  
James D Kirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Beef Heifer ◽  
Endometrial Epithelium ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
D 83

Abstract Objectives were to evaluate effects of vitamin and mineral (VTM) and (or) energy (NRG) supplements on the abundance of the neutral amino acid (AA) transporter SLC7A5 in heifer placentomes at d 83 of gestation. Thirty-five crossbred Angus heifers (Body weight = 359.5 ± 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments (n = 8 or 9/group) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with main effects of vitamin and mineral (NoVTM or VTM) and energy (NoNRG or NRG) supplements. The VTM treatment was initiated 71 to 148 d before artificial insemination (AI). The NRG treatment was initiated at AI. Heifers were ovariohysterectomized at d 83 of gestation. Placentome cross sections (5 μm) were mounted onto glass slides, deparaffinized, and stained for SLC7A5. Fluorescent images of tissue areas including fetal membranes, caruncles (CAR), endometrial epithelium (EP), superficial glands (SG), deep glands (DG), and myometrium were obtained and analyzed for relative intensity of fluorescence within the areas of interest as an indicator of transporter abundance. The abundance of SLC7A5 was influenced by a VTM × NRG interaction (P = 0.05) in DG, with NoVTM-NRG being greater than heifers receiving VTM. Abundance of SLC7A5 was not influenced by NRG (P > 0.12) in any structures evaluated. In EP and SG abundance of SLC7A5 was less (P ≤ 0.05) in VTM than NoVTM heifers and tended to be less in CAR (P = 0.07). Our previous work revealed no differences in maternal serum AA concentrations, but VTM heifers had greater AA concentrations in allantoic fluid than NoVTM. We hypothesize that transporter efficiency may be reduced in NoVTM heifers, with greater transporter abundance being a mechanism of compensation to supply AA to the fetus. Together, these data help to further elucidate mechanisms of AA uptake and balance between the maternal and fetal compartments.

scholarly journals Understanding Biochemical Markers for Antenatal Screening

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-335
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Beta Hcg ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cell Free Fetal Dna ◽  
Serum Biochemical

ABSTRACT Screening tests to identify fetuses at risk for aneuploidies should be offered to all pregnant women. It should be remembered that screening tests can not diagnose a birth defect; they can only indicate an increased risk. An abnormal screening test result simply mean that additional testing is recommended. Maternal serum biochemical markers in first trimester are free beta-hCG and PAPP-A. In second trimester the markers are AFP, UE3, hCG (Triple test) and inhibin added to these three markers forming the quadruple test. Level of cell free fetal DNA and fetal cells in maternal circulation are some of the molecular techniques for prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidies.

Is ProBNP a New Marker for Predicting Intrauterine Growth Restriction?

2021 ◽  
Vol 225 (02) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
Hasan Eroğlu ◽  
Nazan Vanlı Tonyalı ◽  
Gokcen Orgul ◽  
Derya Biriken ◽  
Aykan Yucel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aneuploidy Screening ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the usability of first-trimester maternal serum ProBNP levels in the prediction of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Methods In this prospective study, blood samples taken from 500 women who applied to our polyclinic for routine serum aneuploidy screening between the 11–14th gestational weeks were centrifuged. The obtained plasma samples were placed in Eppendorf tubes and stored at −80+°C. For the final analysis, first-trimester maternal serum ProBNP levels of 32 women diagnosed with postpartum IUGR and 32 healthy women randomly selected as the control group were compared. FGR was defined as estimated fetal weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age. Results The mean ProBNP levels were statistically and significantly higher in the women with intrauterine growth restriction (113.73±94.69 vs. 58.33±47.70 pg/mL, p<0.01). At a cut-off level of 50.93, ProBNP accurately predicted occurrence of IUGR (AUC+= 0.794 (95% confidence interval 0.679–0.910), p+= 0.001) with sensitivity and specificity rates of 78.1 and 69.0%, respectively. Conclusion First-trimester serum ProBNP level was significantly higher in women who developed IUGR compared to healthy controls. First-trimester ProBNP level can be used as a potential marker to predict the development of IUGR in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Maternal Vitamin D and Newborn Telomere Length

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2012
Author(s):  
Lisa Daneels ◽  
Dries S. Martens ◽  
Soumia Arredouani ◽  
Jaak Billen ◽  
Gudrun Koppen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Diet Supplements

Nutrition is important during pregnancy for offspring health. Gestational vitamin D intake may prevent several adverse outcomes and might have an influence on offspring telomere length (TL). In this study, we want to assess the association between maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy and newborn TL, as reflected by cord blood TL. We studied mother–child pairs enrolled in the Maternal Nutrition and Offspring’s Epigenome (MANOE) cohort, Leuven, Belgium. To calculate the dietary vitamin D intake, 108 women were asked to keep track of their diet using the seven-day estimated diet record (EDR) method. TL was assessed in 108 cord blood using a quantitative real-time PCR method. In each trimester of pregnancy, maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentration was measured. We observed a positive association (β = 0.009, p-value = 0.036) between newborn average relative TL and maternal vitamin D intake (diet + supplement) during the first trimester. In contrast, we found no association between average relative TL of the newborn and mean maternal serum 25-OHD concentrations during pregnancy. To conclude, vitamin D intake (diet + supplements), specifically during the first trimester of pregnancy, is an important factor associated with TL at birth.

scholarly journals The passage of antibodies from the maternal circulation into the embryo in rabbits

1948 ◽  
Vol 135 (880) ◽  
pp. 390-403 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Titre ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Active Immunity ◽  
Foreign Proteins ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Rabbit Embryos

Active immunity to Brucella abortus was induced in adult female rabbits. They were mated a week after the last injection of antigen and were killed and the yolk-sac contents of the embryos tested for agglutinins 8½ days after copulation. Specific agglutinins were found to be present in the yolk-sac contents in all cases. The titre varied significantly from embryo to embryo in the same litter, and was in some as high as that in the maternal serum at the time of killing. Passive immunity to Br. abortus was imparted to female rabbits 7 to 9 days pregnant by intravenous injection of immune serum of high titre. The rabbits were killed and the yolk-sac fluid of the embryos tested for agglutinins 10 to 17 hr. after injection. Specific agglutinins were present in most of the embryos from five of the six rabbits injected before 8 days post-coitum. All the embryos in the sixth rabbit were regressing. Specific agglutinins were not found in any of the embryos from two rabbits injected after 9 days post-coitum, by which time the yolk-sac fluid has ceased to increase in volume. Positive results were obtained both when rabbit and bovine immune sera were used. Active immunity to Br. abortus was induced in pregnant rabbits by injections beginning after the 15th day post-coitum. The serum of the newborn young, removed from their immune mothers before they had suckled, was tested and specific agglutinins were found to be present with a titre corresponding to that of the maternal serum. It was concluded that agglutinins, whether actively or passively acquired, pass freely from the maternal circulation into the yolk-sacs of 7- and 8-day rabbit embryos. This constitutes a delicate test of the passage of protein without alteration through the yolk-sac wall. The yolk-sac wall does not appear to be selective, since it is at least as permeable to foreign proteins as it is to those of maternal origin. Agglutinins pass from the maternal circulation into the embryo after the disappearance of the bilaminar wall of the yolk-sac also, either by way of the yolk-sac splanchnopleur or the allantochorionic placenta or both. The bearing of these results on current theories of placental permeability are discussed.

scholarly journals OP25.06: Maternal serum ADAM 12 levels in Down syndrome pregnancies during the first trimester

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-544
Author(s):  
M. Ryynanen ◽  
Y. Valinen ◽  
J. Ignatius ◽  
P. Laitinen ◽  
T. Ahola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Adam 12

Stability of maternal serum free β-hCG following whole blood sample transit: First trimester Down’s syndrome screening in Scotland

2021 ◽  
pp. 000456322110452
Author(s):  
Angela Ballantyne ◽  
Lorna Rashid ◽  
Rebecca Pattenden
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Β Hcg ◽  
In Transit ◽  
The Impact

Background Maternal serum free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (free β-hCG) is used as a biomarker in first trimester screening for fetal Down’s syndrome. Production of free β-hCG can occur in vitro in a time- and temperature-dependent manner; thus, the current Scottish screening protocol states samples must be received by the laboratory within 72 h. To assess the validity of the protocol, an audit was conducted to determine the impact of transit time on maternal serum free β-hCG multiple of median (MoM) values in the Scottish screened population. Methods Corrected MoM values from antenatal screening carried out over one year (April 2017 to March 2018) were stratified according to sample transit time and compared. To investigate possible environmental temperature effects, the data were split according to season and maternal serum free β-hCG concentrations from summer and winter compared. Results Of the 28,368 samples included in the study, 24,368 were received on the day of phlebotomy or after one day in transit. Only 1.5% of samples were received after 3 days in transit. The difference in maternal serum free β-hCG MoM values due to transit time was not significant. No statistical difference was found between maternal serum free β-hCG concentrations from samples collected in summer and winter months. Conclusion The current sample receipt protocol in use by the Scottish Down’s syndrome screening programme is fit for purpose.

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