scholarly journals Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) information management: addressing national health-care and public health needs for standardized data definitions and codified vocabulary for data exchange

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1476-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena Garcia ◽  
Nikolay Lipskiy ◽  
James Tyson ◽  
Roniqua Watkins ◽  
E Stein Esser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
World Health ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Objective The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak progressed rapidly from a public health (PH) emergency of international concern (World Health Organization [WHO], 30 January 2020) to a pandemic (WHO, 11 March 2020). The declaration of a national emergency in the United States (13 March 2020) necessitated the addition and modification of terminology related to COVID-19 and development of the disease’s case definition. During this period, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and standard development organizations released guidance on data standards for reporting COVID-19 clinical encounters, laboratory results, cause-of-death certifications, and other surveillance processes for COVID-19 PH emergency operations. The CDC COVID-19 Information Management Repository was created to address the need for PH and health-care stakeholders at local and national levels to easily obtain access to comprehensive and up-to-date information management resources. Materials and Methods We introduce the clinical and health-care informatics community to the CDC COVID-19 Information Management Repository: a new, national COVID-19 information management tool. We provide a description of COVID-19 informatics resources, including data requirements for COVID-19 data reporting. Results We demonstrate the CDC COVID-19 Information Management Repository’s categorization and management of critical COVID-19 informatics documentation and standards. We also describe COVID-19 data exchange standards, forms, and specifications. Conclusions This information will be valuable to clinical and PH informaticians, epidemiologists, data analysts, standards developers and implementers, and information technology managers involved in the development of COVID-19 situational awareness and response reporting and analytics.

scholarly journals Executive Summary: Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 853-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Nahid ◽  
Susan E. Dorman ◽  
Narges Alipanah ◽  
Pennan M. Barry ◽  
Jan L. Brozek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
American Thoracic Society ◽  
World Health ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Abstract The American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America jointly sponsored the development of this guideline for the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis, which is also endorsed by the European Respiratory Society and the US National Tuberculosis Controllers Association. Representatives from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Canadian Thoracic Society, the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and the World Health Organization also participated in the development of the guideline. This guideline provides recommendations on the clinical and public health management of tuberculosis in children and adults in settings in which mycobacterial cultures, molecular and phenotypic drug susceptibility tests, and radiographic studies, among other diagnostic tools, are available on a routine basis. For all recommendations, literature reviews were performed, followed by discussion by an expert committee according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. Given the public health implications of prompt diagnosis and effective management of tuberculosis, empiric multidrug treatment is initiated in almost all situations in which active tuberculosis is suspected. Additional characteristics such as presence of comorbidities, severity of disease, and response to treatment influence management decisions. Specific recommendations on the use of case management strategies (including directly observed therapy), regimen and dosing selection in adults and children (daily vs intermittent), treatment of tuberculosis in the presence of HIV infection (duration of tuberculosis treatment and timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy), as well as treatment of extrapulmonary disease (central nervous system, pericardial among other sites) are provided. The development of more potent and better-tolerated drug regimens, optimization of drug exposure for the component drugs, optimal management of tuberculosis in special populations, identification of accurate biomarkers of treatment effect, and the assessment of new strategies for implementing regimens in the field remain key priority areas for research. See the full-text online version of the document for detailed discussion of the management of tuberculosis and recommendations for practice.

scholarly journals Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. e147-e195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Nahid ◽  
Susan E. Dorman ◽  
Narges Alipanah ◽  
Pennan M. Barry ◽  
Jan L. Brozek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
American Thoracic Society ◽  
World Health ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Abstract The American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America jointly sponsored the development of this guideline for the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis, which is also endorsed by the European Respiratory Society and the US National Tuberculosis Controllers Association. Representatives from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Canadian Thoracic Society, the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and the World Health Organization also participated in the development of the guideline. This guideline provides recommendations on the clinical and public health management of tuberculosis in children and adults in settings in which mycobacterial cultures, molecular and phenotypic drug susceptibility tests, and radiographic studies, among other diagnostic tools, are available on a routine basis. For all recommendations, literature reviews were performed, followed by discussion by an expert committee according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. Given the public health implications of prompt diagnosis and effective management of tuberculosis, empiric multidrug treatment is initiated in almost all situations in which active tuberculosis is suspected. Additional characteristics such as presence of comorbidities, severity of disease, and response to treatment influence management decisions. Specific recommendations on the use of case management strategies (including directly observed therapy), regimen and dosing selection in adults and children (daily vs intermittent), treatment of tuberculosis in the presence of HIV infection (duration of tuberculosis treatment and timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy), as well as treatment of extrapulmonary disease (central nervous system, pericardial among other sites) are provided. The development of more potent and better-tolerated drug regimens, optimization of drug exposure for the component drugs, optimal management of tuberculosis in special populations, identification of accurate biomarkers of treatment effect, and the assessment of new strategies for implementing regimens in the field remain key priority areas for research. See the full-text online version of the document for detailed discussion of the management of tuberculosis and recommendations for practice.

scholarly journals The second wave of COVID-19 is knocking at the doors: have we learned the lesson?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special1) ◽  
pp. 183-184
Author(s):  
Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In light of escalating rates of COVID-19 cases, the world stands stunned. The health, social, and global economic situation continues to deteriorate. The seriousness of the situation became evident to most people, yet no one had a radical solution. Scientifically, there is no sure treatment for viral infections other than strengthening the immune system. Therefore, the idea of ​​a vaccine is the most appropriate to reduce infections. However, vaccines will not be accessible to everyone, considering the genetic changes that the virus may create later. The idea of ​​re-imposing a global quarantine, with international leadership for a limited period, is emerging as a strategic alternative, on the condition that it should be launched simultaneously in all countries of the world. To ensure the quarantine's success, all countries must adhere to the comments of the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.   References World Health Organization, Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV) SITUATION REPORT –1, 21 JANUARY 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200121-sitrep-1-2019-ncov.pdf [Accessed on 08 October 2020]. Fani M, Teimoori A, Ghafari S. Comparison of the COVID-2019 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections. Future Virol. 2020:10.2217/fvl-2020-0050. https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2020-0050 Ali Jadoo, SA. Was the world ready to face a crisis like COVID-19? Journal of Ideas in Health2020;3(1):123-4. https://doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.Vol3.Iss1.45 Worldometer, Coronavirus Cases. Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/? [Accessed on 08 October 2020] Cyranoski D. Profile of a killer: the complex biology powering the coronavirus pandemic. Nature, 04 MAY 2020. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01315-7 [Accessed on 08 October 2020]. CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Considerations for Wearing Masks Help Slow the Spread of COVID-19. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/cloth-face-cover-guidance.html [Accessed on 08 October 2020]. Atalan A. Is the lockdown important to prevent the COVID-9 pandemic? Effects on psychology, environment and economy-perspective. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2020; 56:38-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.010. Gewin V. On the front lines of the coronavirus-vaccine battle. Nature; 2020 Apr 16. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01116-y [Accessed on 08 October 2020]. Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, Jones FK, Zheng Q, Meredith HR, Azman AS, Reich NG, Lessler J. The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172(9):577-582. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-0504. Acter T, Uddin N, Das J, Akhter A, Choudhury TR, Kim S. Evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A global health emergency. Sci Total Environ. 2020; 730:138996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138996. Ali Jadoo SA. COVID -19 pandemic is a worldwide typical biopsychosocial crisis. Journal of Ideas in Health2020;3(2):152-4. https://doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.Vol3.Iss2.58.

Communications and Politics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Sharfstein
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Political Judgment ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

An effective communications approach starts with a basic dictum set forth by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: “Be first, be right, be credible.” Agencies must establish themselves as vital sources of accurate information to maintain the public’s trust. At the same time, public health officials must recognize that communications play out in the context of ideological debates, electoral rivalries, and other political considerations. During a public health crisis, this means that health officials often need to constructively engage political leaders in communications and management. Navigating these waters in the middle of a crisis can be treacherous. Figuring out the best way to engage elected leaders is a core aspect of political judgment.

scholarly journals The South Korean Government’s Response to Combat COVID-19 Misinformation: Analysis of “Fact and Issue Check” on the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Website

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110147
Author(s):  
Yaena Song ◽  
Linda Ko ◽  
Sou Hyun Jang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Fact Checking ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

This study aimed to examine the types of misinformation spreading in South Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by exploring the fact-checking posts uploaded on the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) website. We conducted a content analysis of the posts written on the KCDC website titled, “COVID-19: Fact and Issue Check,” from February to August 2020 (n = 81). Two coders individually coded the posts using a codebook. Discrepancies in coding were discussed to reach reconciliation. Fifteen different Korean government agencies used the KCDC platform to refute various topics of COVID-19 misinformation, including policy (42.0%), how to prevent the spread (16.0%), health care professionals (12.3%), testing (11.1%), prevention (self-care) (9.9%), masks (8.6%), confirmed cases (8.6%), statistics (3.7%), self-quarantine (2.5%), and treatment (1.2%). We found that there are more dissemination and correction of nonmedical areas of COVID-19 misinformation than medical areas in Korea. Future studies need to examine to what extent the corrected COVID-19 misinformation has been disseminated on different social media platforms, beyond the KCDC website.

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