scholarly journals Human carriage of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli in North-East India: an analysis of STs and associated resistance mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepjyoti Paul ◽  
Dmitriy Babenko ◽  
Mark A Toleman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Core Genome ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
The City ◽  
Silico Analysis

Abstract Objectives To determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli STs and associated resistance mechanisms carried by the community in North-East India. Methods E. coli (108) were isolated from sewage collected from 19 sites across the city of Silchar by plating on MacConkey agar with/without selection (50 mg/L cefotaxime). Species identification was confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS for 82 isolates. Common resistance mechanisms were determined by WGS of pooled E. coli isolates. PFGE combined with specific probes determined the presence of common resistance mechanisms in all isolates. Phylotypes, multilocus STs, core-genome multilocus STs, resistance genes and virulence genes were determined by in silico analysis of 38 genomes. Results and conclusions Analysis of isolates collected without selection (n = 33) indicated that cefotaxime resistance in E. coli was 42% (14/33) and estimated meropenem resistance at 9%. The remaining 58% (19/33) were additionally susceptible to ampicillin, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin and aminoglycosides. The most common ST among the cefotaxime-resistant E. coli was ST167 (29%), followed by ST410 (17%) and ST648 (10%). E. coli ST131 was absent from the collection. Sixty-three isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and harboured blaCTX-M-15 [54% (34/63)] or blaCMY-42 [46% (29/63)], of which 10% (6/63) harboured both genes. Carbapenem resistance was due to blaNDM-5, found in 10/63 cefotaxime-resistant isolates, and/or blaOXA-181, found in 4/63 isolates. NDM-5 was encoded by IncX3 and/or IncFII plasmids and CMY-42 was mostly encoded by IncI plasmids. NDM-5 appears to have replaced NDM-1 in this region and CMY-42 appears to be in the process of replacing CTX-M-15.

scholarly journals Activity of Imipenem-Relebactam against Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from the United States in Relation to Clonal Background, Resistance Genes, Coresistance, and Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Johnston ◽  
Paul Thuras ◽  
Stephen B. Porter ◽  
Melissa Anacker ◽  
Brittany VonBank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

ABSTRACT Imipenem-relebactam (I-R) is a recently developed carbapenem–beta-lactamase inhibitor combination agent that can overcome carbapenem resistance, which has now emerged in Escherichia coli, including sequence type 131 (ST131) and its fluoroquinolone-resistant H30R subclone, the leading cause of extraintestinal E. coli infections globally. To clarify the likely utility of I-R for carbapenem-resistant (CR) E. coli infections in the United States, we characterized 203 recent CR clinical E. coli isolates from across the United States (years 2002 to 2017) for phylogroup, clonal group (including ST131, H30R, and the CTX-M-15-associated H30Rx subset within H30R), relevant beta-lactamase genes, and broth microdilution MICs for I-R and 11 comparator agents. Overall, I-R was highly active (89% susceptible), more so than all comparators except tigecycline and colistin (both 99% susceptible). I-R’s activity varied significantly in relation to phylogroup, clonal background, resistance genotype, and region. It was greatest among phylogroup B2, ST131-H30R, H30Rx, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-positive, and northeast U.S. isolates and lowest among phylogroup C, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-positive, and southeast U.S. isolates. Relebactam improved imipenem’s activity against CR isolates within each phylogroup—especially groups A, B1, and B2—and particularly against isolates containing KPC. I-R remained substantially active against isolates coresistant to comparator agents, albeit somewhat less so than against the corresponding susceptible isolates. These findings suggest that I-R should be useful for treating most CR E. coli infections in the United States, largely independent of coresistance, although this likely will vary in relation to the local prevalence of specific E. coli lineages and carbapenem resistance mechanisms.

scholarly journals Genomic epidemiology of globalKlebsiella pneumoniaecarbapenemase (KPC)-producingEscherichia coli

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Stoesser ◽  
AE Sheppard ◽  
G Peirano ◽  
LW Anson ◽  
L Pankhurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Genome ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

ABSTRACTThe dissemination of carbapenem resistance inEscherichia colihas major implications for the management of common human infections.blaKPC,encoding a transmissible carbapenemase (KPC), has historically largely been associated withKlebsiella pneumoniae,a predominant plasmid (pKpQIL), and a specific transposable element (Tn4401,~10kb). Here we characterize the genetic features of the emergence ofblaKPCin globalE. coli,2008-2013, using both long-and short-read whole genome sequencing.Amongst 43/45 successfully sequencedblaKPC-E. colistrains, we identified high strain (n=21 sequence types, 18% of annotated genes in the core genome); plasmid (≥9 replicon types); andblaKPC-associated, mobile genetic element (MGE) diversity (50% not within complete Tn4401elements). We also found evidence of interspecies, regional and international plasmid spread. In several casesblaKPCwas found on high copy number, small Col-like plasmids, previously associated with horizontal transmission of resistance genes in the absence of antimicrobial selection pressures.E. coliis a common human pathogen, but also a commensal in a multiple environmental and animal reservoirs, and easily transmissible. The association ofblaKPCwith a range of MGEs previously linked to the successful spread of widely endemic resistance mechanisms (e.g.blaTEM,blaCTX-M) suggests that it is likely to become similarly prevalent.

Past Verses Present; Metamorphosis in Different Spheres of Guwahati: A Study of Srutimala Duara’s Mindprints of Guwahati

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ankita Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
River Bank ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Indian State ◽  
The City ◽  
Beautiful City

Guwahati derives its name from the Assamese word “Guwa” means areca nut and “Haat” means market. However, the modern Guwahati had been known as the ancient Pragjyotishpura and was the capital of Assam under the Kamrupa kingdom. A beautiful city Guwahati is situated on the south bank of the river Bramhaputra. Moreover, It is known as the largest city in the Indian state of Assam and also the largest metropolis in North East India. It has also its importance as the gateway to the North- East India. Assamese and English are the spoken languages in Guwahati.  In 1667, the Mogul forces were defeated in the battle by the Ahom forces commanded by Lachut Barphukan. Thus, in a sense Guwahati became the bone of contention among the Ahoms, Kochas and the Moguls during the medieval period.  Guwahati the administrative headquarters of Lower Assam with a viceroy or Barbhukan was made by the Ahom king.  Since 1972 it has been the capital of Assam. The present paper will discuss the changes happened in Guwahati over the period of late 1970s till the present time. It will focus on the behavior of people, transformed temples, Panbazar of the city, river bank of Bramhaputra, old Fancy Bazaar, chaotic ways, festivals and seasons including a fifth man made season etc. It will also deal how over the years a city endowed with nature’s gifts and scenic views, has been changing as “a dirty city”. Furthermore, it will also present the insurgencies that have barged into the city. The occurrence of changes will be discussed through the perspective and point of view of Srutimala Duara as presented in her book Mindprints of Guwahati.

scholarly journals ESBL Activity, MDR, and Carbapenem Resistance among Predominant Enterobacterales Isolated in 2019

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Altaf Bandy ◽  
Bilal Tantry
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Resistance Rates

Antimicrobial-resistance in Enterobacterales is a serious concern in Saudi Arabia. The present study retrospectively analyzed the antibiograms of Enterobacterales identified from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 from a referral hospital in the Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia. The revised document of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) CR-2015 and Magiorakos et al.’s document were used to define carbapenem resistance and classify resistant bacteria, respectively. The association of carbapenem resistance, MDR, and ESBL with various sociodemographic characteristics was assessed by the chi-square test and odds ratios. In total, 617 Enterobacterales were identified. The predominant (n = 533 (86.4%)) isolates consisted of 232 (37.6%), 200 (32.4%), and 101 (16.4%) Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, respectively. In general, 432 (81.0%) and 128 (24.0%) isolates were of MDR and ESBL, respectively. The MDR strains were recovered in higher frequency from intensive care units (OR = 3.24 (1.78–5.91); p < 0.01). E. coli and K. pneumoniae resistance rates to imipenem (2.55 (1.21–5.37); p < 0.01) and meropenem (2.18 (1.01–4.67); p < 0.04), respectively, were significantly higher in winter. The data emphasize that MDR isolates among Enterobacterales are highly prevalent. The studied Enterobacterales exhibited seasonal variation in antimicrobial resistance rates towards carbapenems and ESBL activity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Carbapenem Resistance among Gram-Negative Bacteria in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North-East India

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ph. Henkhoneng Mate ◽  
◽  
Dr. Kh Sulochana Devi ◽  
Dr. Ksh Mamta Devi ◽  
Dr. San Damrolien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East

scholarly journals EVOLUÇÃO DA QUALIDADE MICROBIOLÓGICA DE QUEIJO MINAS FRESCAL COMERCIALIZADO EM CURITIBA (PR) NO INTERVALO DE 10 ANOS (1999 E 2009) Assessment of the microbiological quality of Minas frescal cheese commercialized in the city of Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil at 10 years’ interval (1999 and 2009)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Lethycia Wolupeck ◽  
Helen Caroline Raksa ◽  
Luciane Silvia Rossa ◽  
Raquel Biasi ◽  
Renata Ernlund Freitas de Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The City

O queijo Minas frescal é um dos mais populares do Brasil, porém o alto teor de umidade associado ao métodode processamento, muitas vezes artesanal, e de armazenamento desse produto o tornam muito perecível.Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar a qualidade microbiológica de queijo Minas frescalcomercializado na cidade de Curitiba (PR) nos anos de 1999 e 2009, verificando a evolução na qualidadehigiênico-sanitária desse produto no período de 10 anos. Foram analisadas 11 marcas comerciais de queijo Minas frescal disponíveis no comércio varejista da cidade de Curitiba, sendo amostradas cinco unidades de cada marca, totalizando 55 amostras. Os queijos foram submetidos à pesquisa de Salmonella spp., contagem de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli, contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e contagem de aeróbios mesófilos, com resultados expressos em UFC/g. Das 55 amostras de queijo, 41,82% e 78,18% apresentaram contagem de E. coli e de coliformes totais acima do limite permitido, respectivamente. Somente uma amostra (1,82%) do total avaliado mostrou-se em desacordo com os padrões para S. coagulase positiva e uma para Salmonella spp. Ambas as amostras foram adquiridas em 2009. Todas as amostras avaliadas em 2009 apresentaram elevada contagem de aeróbios mesófilos, revelando alta carga microbiana. Comparativamente, os queijos avaliados em 1999 mostraram qualidade microbiológica superior aos queijos avaliados em 2009 (p < 0,05). Destes, 100% apresentaram no mínimo um parâmetro microbiológico em desacordo com a legislação vigente, indicando que a qualidade dos queijos Minas frescal avaliados em 2009 apresentou-se inferior a dos queijos avaliados em 1999.

In vitro evaluation and molecular dynamics, DFT guided investigation of antimalarial activity of ethnomedicinally used Coptis teeta Wall

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashis Kumar Goswami ◽  
Hemanta Kumar Sharma ◽  
Neelutpal Gogoi ◽  
Ankita Kashyap ◽  
Bhaskar Jyoti Gogoi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Discovery Studio ◽  
North East ◽  
Silico Analysis

Background: Malaria is caused by different species of Plasmodium; among which P. falciparum is the most severe. Coptis teeta is an ethnomedicinal plant of enormous importance for tribes of north east India. Objective: In this study, the anti malarial activity of the methanol extracts of Coptis teeta was evaluated in vitro and lead identification via in silico study. Method: On the basis of the in vitro results, in silico analysis by application of different modules of Discovery Studio 2018 was performed on multiple targets of P. falciparum taking into consideration some of the compounds reported from C. teeta. Results: The IC50 of the methanol extract of Coptis teeta 0.08 µg/ml in 3D7 strain and 0.7 µg/ml in Dd2 strain of P. falciparum. From the docking study, noroxyhydrastatine was observed to have better binding affinity in comparison to chloroquine. The binding of noroxyhydrastinine with dihydroorotate dehydrogenase was further validated by molecular dynamics simulation and was observed to be significantly stable in comparison to the co-crystal inhibitor. During simulations it was observed that noroxyhydrastinine retained the interactions, giving strong indications of its effectiveness against the P. falciparum proteins and stability in the binding pocket. From the Density-functional theory analysis, the band gap energy of noroxyhydrastinine was found to be 0.186 Ha indicating a favourable interaction. Conclusion: The in silico analysis as an addition to the in vitro results provide strong evidence of noroxyhydrastinine as an anti malarial agent.

Genomic and phenotypic analysis of heat and sanitizer resistance in Escherichia coli from beef in relation to the locus of heat resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianqin Yang ◽  
Frances Tran ◽  
Peipei Zhang ◽  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Core Genome ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Decimal Reduction Time ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Clade 1

The locus of heat resistance (LHR) can confer heat resistance to Escherichia coli to various extents. This study investigated the phylogenetic relationships, and genomic and phenotypic characteristics of E. coli with or without LHR recovered from beef by direct plating or from enrichment broth at 42°C. LHR-positive E. coli isolates (n=24) were whole genome-sequenced by short- and long-reads. LHR-negative isolates (n=18) from equivalent sources as LHR-positive isolates were short-read sequenced. All isolates were assessed for decimal reduction time at 60°C ( D 60°C ) and susceptibility to E-SAN and Perox-E. Selected isolates were evaluated for growth at 42°C. The LHR-positive and negative isolates were well separated on the core genome tree, with 22/24 of the positive isolates clustering into three clades. Isolates within clade 1 and 2, despite their different D 60°C values, were clonal, as determined by subtyping (MLST, core genome MLST, and serotyping). Isolates within each clade are of one serotype. The LHR-negative isolates were genetically diverse. The LHR-positive isolates had a larger (p<0.001) median genome size by 0.3 Mbp (5.0 vs 4.7 Mbp), and overrepresentation of genes in plasmid maintenance, stress response and cryptic prophages, but underrepresentation of genes involved in epithelial attachment and virulence. All LHR-positive isolates harbored a chromosomal copy of LHR, and all clade 2 isolates had an additional partial copy of LHR on conjugative plasmids. The growth rates at 42°C were 0.71±0.02 and 0.65±0.02 logOD h −1 for LHR-positive and negative isolates. No meaningful difference in sanitizer susceptibility was noted between LHR-positive and negative isolates. Importance Resistant bacteria are serious food safety and public health concerns. Heat resistance conferred by the LHR varies largely among different strains. The findings in this study show that genomic background and composition of LHR, in addition to the presence of LHR, play an important role in the degree of heat resistance in E. coli , and that strains with certain genetic background are more likely to acquire and maintain the LHR. Also, caution should be exercised when recovering E. coli at elevated temperatures as the presence of LHR may confer growth advantages to some strains. Interestingly, the LHR harboring strains seem to have evolved further from their primary animal host to adapt to their secondary habitat, as reflected by fewer genes in virulence and epithelial attachment. The phylogenetic relationships among the isolates point towards multiple mechanisms for acquiring LHR, likely prior to their deposition on meat.

A structural in silico analysis of the immunogenicity of l-asparaginase from Escherichia coli and Erwinia carotovora

Biologicals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisandra Herrera Belén ◽  
Jorge Beltrán Lissabet ◽  
Carlota de Oliveira Rangel-Yagui ◽  
Brian Effer ◽  
Gisele Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
In Silico ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Silico Analysis

scholarly journals OmpC regulation differs between ST131 and non-ST131 Escherichia coli clinical isolates and involves differential expression of the small RNA MicC

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1151-1158
Author(s):  
Corey S Suelter ◽  
Nancy D Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Northern Blotting ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Porin Proteins ◽  
Mrna Half Life

Abstract Background Virulence genes and the expression of resistance mechanisms undoubtedly play a role in the successful spread of the pandemic clone Escherichia coli ST131. Porin down-regulation is a chromosomal mechanism associated with antibiotic resistance. Translation of porin proteins can be impacted by modifications in mRNA half-life and the interaction among small RNAs (sRNAs), the porin transcript and the sRNA chaperone Hfq. Modifications in the translatability of porin proteins could impact the fitness and therefore the success of E. coli ST131 isolates in the presence of antibiotic. Objectives To identify differences in the translatability of OmpC and OmpF porins for different STs of E. coli by comparing steady-state RNA levels, mRNA half-life, regulatory sRNA expression and protein production. Methods RNA expression was evaluated using real-time RT–PCR and OmpC mRNA half-life by northern blotting. OmpC, OmpF and Hfq protein levels were evaluated by immunoblotting. Results Differences between ST131 and non-ST131 isolates included: (i) the level of OmpC RNA and protein produced with mRNA expression higher for ST131 but OmpC protein levels lower compared with non-ST131 isolates; (ii) OmpC mRNA half-life (21–30 min for ST131 isolates compared with &lt;2–23 min for non-ST131 isolates); and (iii) levels of the sRNA MicC (2- to 120-fold for ST131 isolates compared with −4- to 70-fold for non-ST131 isolates). Conclusions Mechanisms involved in the translatability of porin proteins differed among different STs of E. coli. These differences could provide a selective advantage to ST131 E. coli when confronted with an antibiotic-rich environment.

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