scholarly journals Drug resistance outcomes of long-term ART with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in the absence of virological monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 3148-3157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Villa ◽  
Richard O Phillips ◽  
Colette Smith ◽  
Alexander J Stockdale ◽  
Alessandra Ruggiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate ◽  
Virological Monitoring

The importance of year-round flea and roundworm prevention in lockdown and beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Ian Wright
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Control Protocols

Whether routine preventative deworming regimens for Toxocara spp. in cats and dogs should be used to reduce zoonotic risk, continues to be a subject of much debate. Nurses are on the frontline of giving preventative parasite control advice and it is vital that this is based on the latest evidence to minimise zoonotic risk while ensuring over treatment does not take place. The need for routine year-round flea treatment is also fundamental to parasite control protocols in cats and dogs. The benefits of routine flea treatment need to be considered against the possible environmental impact and drug resistance issues that may be associated with long-term use. Veterinary nurses play a pivotal role in giving accurate parasite control to clients and balancing these factors based on the latest evidence.

scholarly journals Candida albicans exhibits distinct cytoprotective responses to anti-fungal drugs that facilitate the evolution of drug resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Bettauer ◽  
S Massahi ◽  
S Khurdia ◽  
ACBP Costa ◽  
RP Omran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Initial Drug

AbstractWe developed a modified protocol for nanolitre droplet-based single cell sequencing appropriate for fungal settings, and used it to transcriptionally profiled several thousands cells from a prototrophic Candida albicans population and several drug exposed colonies (incl. fluconazole, caspofungin and nystatin). Thousands of cells from each colony were profiled both at early and late time points post-treatment in order to infer survival trajectories from initial drug tolerance to drug resistance. We find that prototrophic C. albicans populations differentially and stochastically express cytoprotective epigenetic programs. For all drugs, there is evidence that tolerant individuals partition into distinct subpopulations, each with a unique survival strategy involving different regulatory programs. These responses are weakly related to changes in morphology (shift from white to opaque forms, or shift from yeast to filamentous forms). In turn, those subpopulations that successfully reach resistance each have a distinct multivariate epigenetic response that coordinates the expression of efflux pumps, chaperones, transport mechanisms, and cell wall maintenance. Live cell fluorescent imaging was used to validate predictions of which molecular responses most often led to survival after drug exposure. Together our findings provide evidence that C. albicans has a robust toolkit of short-term epigenetic cytoprotective responses designed to “buy time” and increase the chance of acquiring long-term resistance.

scholarly journals Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Peritonitis in a Child: Case Report and Review of Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demet Alaygut ◽  
Caner Alparslan ◽  
Serdar Sarıtaş ◽  
Elif Perihan Öncel ◽  
Önder Yavaşcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Dysplastic Kidney ◽  
Success Of Treatment

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia peritonitis has been only occasionally reported in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Because this microorganism has multi-drug resistance, its treatment is hard and long-term. The treatment might not be successful despite all the efforts and the process of peritoneal dialysis, and may terminate with loss of the catheter. In the present paper, S. maltophilia peritonitis developed in a 6-year-old girl patient, who underwent peritoneal dialysis due to bilateral dysplastic kidney, suffered from episodes of peritonitis frequently and required hospitalization, was presented with literature data. Even though the case received multiple antibiotic treatment and underwent endoluminal brushing (EB), the success of treatment could not be achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this patient is the youngest case in the literature.

Correction: DARING-B: discontinuation of effective entecavir or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate long‑term therapy before HBsAg loss in non-cirrhotic HBeAg‑negative chronic hepatitis B

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
George V Papatheodoridis ◽  
Eirini I Rigopoulou ◽  
Margarita Papatheodoridi ◽  
Kalliopi Zachou ◽  
Vassilios Xourafas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Hbsag Loss ◽  
Long Term Therapy ◽  
Negative Chronic Hepatitis
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