scholarly journals Subtype-specific differences in the development of accessory mutations associated with high-level resistance to HIV-1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1220-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Koning ◽  
H. Castro ◽  
D. Dunn ◽  
P. Tilston ◽  
P. A. Cane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Level Resistance

scholarly journals An insight on promising strategies hoping to cure HIV-1 infection by targeting Rev protein—short review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahana Pai ◽  
Jayesh Mudgal ◽  
B. Venkatesh Kamath ◽  
K. Sreedhara Ranganath Pai
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target ◽  
Latent Hiv ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection remains to be one of the major threats throughout the world. Many researchers are working in this area to find a cure for HIV-1. The group of the FDA approved drugs which are currently used against HIV-1 in the clinical practice include nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), integrase inhibitors (InIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs). Fixed dose combinations (FDCs) of these drugs are available and are used as per the anti-retroviral therapy (ART) guidelines. Despite these, unfortunately, there is no cure for HIV1 infection to date. The present review is focused upon describing the importance of a post-transcriptional regulatory protein “Rev”, responsible for latent HIV-1 infection as a possible, and promising therapeutic target against HIV-1.

scholarly journals Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in Antiretroviral Treatment-Experienced Patients in Kuwait

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Wassim Chehadeh ◽  
Osama Albaksami ◽  
Sonia Elezebeth John ◽  
Widad Al-Nakib
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
First Line ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
High Level ◽  
Interpretation Algorithm ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Level Resistance

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of nonpolymorphic resistance-associated mutations (RAM) in HIV-1 patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Kuwait. Subjects and Methods: Total RNA was isolated from plasma samples of 42 patients who received a first-line nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen. HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase genetic regions were then amplified by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced. The HIV-1 subtype was identified using the Bayesian phylogenetic method, and RAM were identified using the Stanford University genotypic resistance interpretation algorithm. Results: The HIV-1 viral load at sampling ranged from < 20 to 8.25 × 104 copies/ml. CRF01_AE, C, and B were the most predominant HIV-1 subtypes. Nonpolymorphic mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs were detected in 11 (26.2%) of the 42 patients; 5 (11.9%) patients had mutations associated with a high-level resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), 4 (9.5%) patients had mutations associated with resistance to NNRTI, 1 (2.4%) patient had mutations associated with resistance to both NRTI and NNRTI, and 1 (2.4%) patient had mutations potentially associated with low-level resistance to both protease inhibitors and NNRTI. All patients with RAM had a detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA level. Conclusion: Our results indicate the development of RAM during an NNRTI-based regimen and highlight the importance of considering other regimens to avoid treatment failure.

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