scholarly journals In vitro activity of tigecycline against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative blood culture isolates from critically ill patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1293-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gupta ◽  
C. Aruna ◽  
S. Nagaraj ◽  
M. Dias ◽  
S. Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Negative Blood Culture ◽  
Gram Negative

In Vitro Activity of Sparfloxacin against Selected Gram-Negative Blood Culture Isolates

Drugs ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 49 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Y. Siristonpun ◽  
V. Rojnpisarnvong ◽  
A. Chongchitmate ◽  
S. Srimuang ◽  
D. Tanphaichitra
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Negative Blood Culture ◽  
Gram Negative

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Cefepime against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli, Viridans Group Streptococci andStreptococcus pneumoniaefrom a Cross-Canada Surveillance Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E Low ◽  
Joyce de Azavedo ◽  
Canadian Bacterial Surveillance Network ◽  
Ross Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
National Committee ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Viridans Group Streptococci

OBJECTIVE: To determine the in vitro activity of cefepime against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci obtained from an ongoing cross-Canada surveillance study.DESIGN: Clinical isolates of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli with inducible and constitutive chromosomally mediated cephalosporinases, viridans group streptococci andStreptococcus pneumoniaewere collected from laboratories serving hospitals, nursing homes and physician offices in the community from across Canada during 1996 and 1997. Laboratories were asked to submit only clinically relevant nonduplicate isolates for susceptibility testing. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out on all isolates of Gram-negative and viridans group streptococci.S pneumoniaewere characterized as penicillin susceptible, intermediately resistant or highly resistant. Nonsusceptible isolates were defined as being intermediately or highly resistant (minimal inhibitory concentrations [MIC] greater than 0.06 mg/L). Only isolates ofS pneumoniaethat were nonsusceptible to penicillin were selected for further study. MICs were determined using a microbroth dilution technique according to the National Committee of Clinical Laboratory Standards.RESULTS: A total of 727 Gram-negative bacilli samples were collected. No resistance to cefepime was detected withCitrobacter freundii,Serratia marcescens,Morganella morganiiandEnterobacterspecies. Of these strains,Enterobacterspecies andC freundiiwere the most resistant to ceftazidime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone with MIC90Sof 32 mg/L or greater and resistance rates of 6% or greater. Resistance rates ofPseudomonas aeruginosaandAcinetobacterspecies to cefepime were 4.8% and 3%, respectively. The two organisms had similar rates of resistance to ceftazidime. Less than 3% of the Gram-negative bacilli were resistant to imipenem and meropenem. There were 153 viridans group streptococci, of which 22 (14.4%) were resistant to penicillin. Of 1287S pneumoniaesamples, 193 (15%) were nonsusceptible to penicillin. Cefepime, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime had comparable activity against all isolates of viridans group streptococci andS pneumoniae.CONCLUSIONS: Cefepime demonstrated excellent in vitro activity against Gram-negative bacilli with inducible and constitutive chromosomally mediated cephalosporinases, and had equal or superior activity versus comparator beta-lactams against all isolates of viridans group streptococci andS pneumoniae.

In Vitro Activity of Imipenem/Relebactam and Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Against Clinical Isolates of Gram-negative Bacilli With Difficult-to-Treat Resistance and Multidrug-resistant Phenotypes—Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends, United States 2015–2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A Karlowsky ◽  
Sibylle H Lob ◽  
Janet Raddatz ◽  
Daryl D DePestel ◽  
Katherine Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
First Line ◽  
Clin Microbiol Infect ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Us ◽  
Urinary Isolates

Abstract Background Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are frequently defined using the criteria established by Magiorakos et al [Clin Microbiol Infect 2012;18:268–81]. Difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) [Kadri et al, Clin Infect Dis 2018;67:1803–14] is a novel approach to defining resistance in gram-negative bacilli focusing on treatment-limiting resistance to first-line agents (all β-lactams and fluoroquinolones). Methods Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute–defined broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for imipenem/relebactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, and comparators against respiratory, intraabdominal, and urinary isolates of Enterobacterales (n = 10 516) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 2732) collected in 26 US hospitals in 2015–2017. Results Among all Enterobacterales, 1.0% of isolates were DTR and 15.6% were MDR; 8.4% of P. aeruginosa isolates were DTR and 32.4% were MDR. MDR rates for Enterobacterales and DTR and MDR rates for P. aeruginosa were significantly higher (P < .05) in isolates collected in intensive care units (ICUs) than in non-ICUs and in respiratory tract isolates than in intraabdominal or urinary tract isolates. In addition, 82.4% of DTR and 92.1% of MDR Enterobacterales and 62.2% of DTR and 82.2% of MDR P. aeruginosa were imipenem/relebactam-susceptible, and 1.5% of DTR and 65.8% of MDR Enterobacterales and 67.5% of DTR and 84.0% of MDR P. aeruginosa were ceftolozane/tazobactam-susceptible. Conclusions MDR phenotypes defined using the Magiorakos criteria may overcall treatment-limiting resistance in gram-negative bacilli. In the US, DTR Enterobacterales were infrequent, while MDR Enterobacterales isolates and DTR and MDR P. aeruginosa were common. Imipenem/relebactam (Enterobacterales, P. aeruginosa) and ceftolozane/tazobactam (P. aeruginosa) retained in vitro activity against most DTR and MDR isolates.

scholarly journals 1595. Comparative In Vitro Activity of Imipenem–Relebactam Against Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Isolates from Pediatric Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S582-S582
Author(s):  
Dithi Banerjee ◽  
Christopher J Harrison ◽  
Morgan Pence ◽  
Rangaraj Selvarangan
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Thermo Fisher Scientific ◽  
Spectrum Activity ◽  
Fisher Scientific

Abstract Background Drug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is of particular concern in children. Relebactam, a novel diazabicyclooctane inhibitor, coupled with imipenem has broad-spectrum activity against β-lactamase producing organisms. Here, we compare the in vitro activity of imipenem-relebactam to 10 standard comparator drugs against resistant Gram-negative isolates from two US pediatric hospitals. Methods We tested 100 isolates (50 per site) from pediatric clinical specimens tested during 2015–2017. All isolates were extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC-R); more than half were multidrug resistant (67%). Selected ESC-R isolates included Escherichia coli (90), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8), Klebsiella oxytoca (1), and Enterobacter cloacae (1) that were resistant or intermediate to ≥1 cephalosporins and/or aztreonam. A 0.5 McFarland suspension was prepared from colonies grown on blood agar plates (Thermo Scientific) at 35 ± 1°C for 18–24 hours. A final inoculum of 5 × 105 CFU/mL was prepared in Mueller–Hinton broth. Sensititre plates (Thermo Fisher Scientific) containing graded concentrations of imipenem/relebactam and 10 comparator drugs were inoculated and incubated at 35 ± 1°C for 18–24 hours. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the Sensititre Vizion system (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and endpoints were interpreted using CLSI (2019) breakpoint criteria, with the exception of colistin (EUCAST 2019). Results Selected ESC-R isolates had high rates of resistance to cephalosporins (64%–97%), aztreonam (80%), and levofloxacin (61%). All isolates were susceptible to imipenem/relebactam, imipenem and meropenem (MIC, ≤1 μg/mL for all). The imipenem/relebactam MIC50 (0.06 μg/mL) and MIC90 (0.12 μg/mL) values for ESC-R isolates were within one dilution of MICs of imipenem alone (0.12 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL). Among the comparators, colistin, amikacin, and piperacillin/tazobactam demonstrated comparable activities with 100%, 99%, and 94% susceptibilities, respectively. Conclusion Meropenem, imipenem alone and in combination with relebactam exhibited 100% susceptibilities against ESC-R Enterobacteriaceae isolated from pediatric specimens, demonstrating the high potency of carbapenems. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of the Histatin Derivative P-113 against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens Responsible for Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1249-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giacometti ◽  
Oscar Cirioni ◽  
Wojciech Kamysz ◽  
Giuseppina D'Amato ◽  
Carmela Silvestri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Pathogens ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of the histatin derivative P-113, alone or combined with eight antibiotics, was investigated against multidrug-resistant strains isolated from clinical specimens of immunocompromised patients with pneumonia. The gram-negative isolates were susceptible to P-113. S. aureus showed less susceptibility. Synergy was demonstrated when P-113 was combined with beta-lactams against gram-negative organisms.

scholarly journals Cefepime-Zidebactam (WCK 5222) Activity Tested against Gram-negative Organisms Causing Bloodstream Infections Worldwide

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S374-S375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio S Sader ◽  
Mariana Castanheira ◽  
Jennifer M Streit ◽  
Leonard R Duncan ◽  
Robert K Flamm
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Zidebactam (ZID), a bicyclo-acyl hydrazide, is a β-lactam enhancer with a dual mechanism of action involving selective and high binding affinity to Gram-negative (GN) PBP2 and β-lactamase inhibition. We evaluated the in vitro activity of cefepime (FEP) combined with ZID against GN organisms causing bloodstream infections (BSI) in hospitals worldwide. Methods A total of 2,094 isolates from 105 medical centers were evaluated. Isolates were collected from Europe (1,050), USA (331), Latin America (LA; 200) and the Asia-Pacific region (AP; 393) in 2015, and China (120) in 2013 by the SENTRY Program. Susceptibility (S) testing was performed by reference broth microdilution method against FEP-ZID (1:1 ratio) and comparators. The collection included 1,809 Enterobacteriaceae (ENT), 170 P. aeruginosa (PSA) and 115 Acinetobacter spp. (ASP). Results FEP-ZID was very active against ENT (MIC50/90 of ≤0.03/0.12 μg/mL) with 99.9 and 100.0% of isolates inhibited at ≤4/4 and ≤8/8 μg/mL, respectively, and retained potent activity against carbapenem-resistant (CRE; n = 44; MIC50/90, 1/4 μg/mL), multidrug-resistant (MDR), and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates (Table). Amikacin (AMK; MIC50/90, 2/4 μg/mL; 97.7% S) was also very active against ENT, and colistin (COL; MIC50/90, 0.12/>8 μg/mL) inhibited only 87.3% of isolates at ≤2 μg/mL. FEP-ZID was highly active against PSA, including isolates resistant to other antipseudomonal β-lactams, MDR (MIC50/90, 4/8 μg/mL) and XDR (MIC50/90, 4/8 μg/mL) isolates. Among the comparators, COL (MIC50/90 of ≤0.5/1 μg/mL; 100.0% S) and AMK (MIC50/90, 4/16 μg/mL; 91.2% S) were the most active agents against PSA. FEP-ZID (MIC50/90, 16/32 μg/mL) was 4-fold more active than FEP against ASP. Conclusion FEP-ZID (WCK 5222) exhibited potent in vitro activity against a large worldwide collection of GN isolates from BSI, including MDR and XDR isolates. These results support further clinical development of WCK 5222 for treating BSI. Disclosures H. S. Sader, Wockhardt Bio Ag: Research Contractor, Research grant; M. Castanheira, Wockhardt Bio Ag: Research Contractor, Research grant; J. M. Streit, Wockhardt Bio Ag: Research Contractor, Research grant; L. R. Duncan, Wockhardt Bio Ag: Research Contractor, Research grant; R. K. Flamm, Wock: Research Contractor, Research support

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