scholarly journals Benefit of early treatment with oseltamivir in hospitalized patients with documented 2009 influenza A (H1N1): retrospective cohort study

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1150-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vered Hiba ◽  
Michal Chowers ◽  
Inbal Levi-Vinograd ◽  
Bina Rubinovitch ◽  
Leonard Leibovici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

scholarly journals Community-acquired bacteraemia in COVID-19 in comparison to influenza A and influenza B: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julinha M. Thelen ◽  
A. G. ( Noud) Buenen ◽  
Marjan van Apeldoorn ◽  
Heiman F. Wertheim ◽  
Mirjam H. A. Hermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the Netherlands it was noticed that very few blood cultures from COVID-19 patients turned positive with clinically relevant bacteria. This was particularly evident in comparison to the number of positive blood cultures during previous seasonal epidemics of influenza. This observation raised questions about the occurrence and causative microorganisms of bacteraemia in COVID-19 patients, especially in the perspective of the widely reported overuse of antibiotics and the rising rate of antibiotic resistance. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study on blood culture results in influenza A, influenza B and COVID-19 patients presenting to two hospitals in the Netherlands. Our main outcome consisted of the percentage of positive blood cultures. The percentage of clinically relevant blood cultures, isolated bacteria and 30-day all-cause mortality served as our secondary outcomes. Results A total of 1331 viral episodes were analysed in 1324 patients. There was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.47) in overall occurrence of blood culture positivity in COVID-19 patients (9.0, 95% CI 6.8–11.1) in comparison to influenza A (11.4, 95% CI 7.9–14.8) and influenza B patients (10.4, 95% CI 7.1–13.7,). After correcting for the high rate of contamination, the occurrence of clinically relevant bacteraemia in COVID-19 patients amounted to 1.0% (95% CI 0.3–1.8), which was statistically significantly lower (p = 0.04) compared to influenza A patients (4.0, 95% CI 1.9–6.1) and influenza B patients (3.0, 95% CI 1.2–4.9). The most frequently identified bacterial isolates in COVID-19 patients were Escherichia coli (n = 2) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 2). The overall 30-day all-cause mortality for COVID-19 patients was 28.3% (95% CI 24.9–31.7), which was statistically significantly higher (p = <.001) when compared to patients with influenza A (7.1, 95% CI 4.3–9.9) and patients with influenza B (6.4, 95% CI 3.8–9.1). Conclusions We report a very low occurrence of community-acquired bacteraemia amongst COVID-19 patients in comparison to influenza patients. These results reinforce current clinical guidelines on antibiotic management in COVID-19, which only advise utilization of antibiotics when a bacterial co-infection is suspected.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Mortality among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Ricardo Martins-Filho ◽  
Adriano Antunes de Souza Araújo ◽  
Luciana Xavier Pereira ◽  
Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior ◽  
Waneska de Souza Barboza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Factors Associated

Invasive aspergillosis in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe influenza: a retrospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 782-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander F A D Schauwvlieghe ◽  
Bart J A Rijnders ◽  
Nele Philips ◽  
Rosanne Verwijs ◽  
Lore Vanderbeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Invasive Aspergillosis ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Severe Influenza

scholarly journals The Association of Low Admission Serum Creatinine with the Risk of Respiratory Failure Requiring Mechanical Ventilation: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charat Thongprayoon ◽  
Wisit Cheungpasitporn ◽  
Api Chewcharat ◽  
Michael A. Mao ◽  
Sorkko Thirunavukkarasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Time Of Admission

AbstractTo assess the association between low serum creatinine (SCr) value at admission and the risk of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation in hospitalized patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital. All hospitalized adult patients from 2011 through 2013 who had an admission SCr value were included in this study. Patients who were mechanically ventilated at the time of admission were excluded. Admission creatinine was stratified into 7 groups: ≤0.4, 0.5–0.6, 0.7–0.8, 0.9–1.0, 1.1–1.2, 1.3–1.4, and ≥1.5 mg/dL. The primary outcome was the occurrence of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation during hospitalization. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent risk of respiratory failure based on various admission SCr, using SCr of 0.7–0.8 mg/dL as the reference group in the analysis of all patients and female subgroup and of 0.9–1.0 mg/dL in analysis of male subgroup. A total of 67,045 eligible patients, with the mean admission SCr of 1.0 ± 0.4 mg/dL, were studied. Of these patients, 799 (1.1%) had admission SCr of ≤0.4 mg/dL, and 2886 (4.3%) developed respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation during hospitalization. The U-curve relationship between admission SCr and respiratory failure during hospitalization was observed, with the nadir incidence of in-hospital respiratory failure in SCr of 0.7–0.8 mg/dL and increased in-hospital respiratory failure associated with both reduced and elevated admission SCr. After adjustment for confounders, very low admission SCr of ≤0.4 mg/dL was significantly associated with increased in-hospital respiratory failure (OR 3.11; 95% CI 2.33–4.17), exceeding the risk related to markedly elevated admission SCr of ≥1.5 mg/dL (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.39–1.85). The association remained significant in the subgroup analysis of male and female patients. Low SCr value at admission is independently associated with increased in-hospital respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation in hospitalized patients.

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