scholarly journals Evaluation of linezolid, vancomycin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin in a rabbit model of antibiotic-lock technique for Staphylococcus aureus catheter-related infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Fernandez-Hidalgo ◽  
J. Gavalda ◽  
B. Almirante ◽  
M.-T. Martin ◽  
P. Lopez Onrubia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Catheter Related Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Lock ◽  
Antibiotic Lock Technique

Daptomycin is effective as antibiotic-lock therapy in a model of Staphylococcus aureus catheter-related infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Meije ◽  
Benito Almirante ◽  
José Luis Del Pozo ◽  
María Teresa Martín ◽  
Nuria Fernández-Hidalgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Catheter Related Infection ◽  
Lock Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Lock

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacies of Quinupristin-Dalfopristin, Linezolid, Vancomycin, and Ciprofloxacin in Treatment, Using the Antibiotic-Lock Technique, of Experimental Catheter-Related Infection Due to Staphylococcus aureus

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 4042-4045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giacometti ◽  
Oscar Cirioni ◽  
Roberto Ghiselli ◽  
Fiorenza Orlando ◽  
Federico Mocchegiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Adherent Cell ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Isotonic Sodium Chloride ◽  
Antibiotic Lock ◽  
Antibiotic Lock Technique

ABSTRACT We performed in vitro studies to elucidate the bactericidal activity of the antibiotics in an adherent-cell biofilm model. Efficacy studies were performed in a staphylococcal central venous catheter (CVC) infection rat model. Silastic catheters were implanted into the superior cava. Via the CVC the rats were challenged with 1.0 × 106 CFU of a live Staphylococcus aureus strain. Twenty-four hours later, the antibiotic-lock technique was started. All animals were randomized to receive daily isotonic sodium chloride solution, quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q/D), linezolid, vancomycin, or ciprofloxacin at the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and at 1,024 μg/ml in a volume of 0.1 ml that filled the CVC. The main outcome measures were MICs and MBCs for both planktonic and adherent cells, quantitative culture of the catheters and surrounding venous tissues, and quantitative peripheral blood cultures. The killing activities of all antibiotics against the adherent bacteria were at least fourfold lower than those against freely growing cells, with the exception of Q/D, which showed comparable activities against both adherent and planktonic organisms. Overall, Q/D at 1,024 μg/ml produced the greatest reduction in the number of cells recovered from the catheters, while at the same concentration, Q/D and vancomycin demonstrated higher activities than ciprofloxacin or linezolid in reducing the number of organisms recovered from the blood cultures. This study points out that treatment outcome of device-related infections cannot be predicted by the results of a standard susceptibility test such as the MIC. Our findings suggest that the clinically used antibiotics cannot eradicate the CVC infection through the antibiotic-lock technique, even at a concentration of 1,024 μg/ml.

scholarly journals Randomized, Double-Blind Trial of an Antibiotic-Lock Technique for Prevention of Gram-Positive Central Venous Catheter-Related Infection in Neutropenic Patients with Cancer

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 2200-2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Carratalà ◽  
Jordi Niubó ◽  
Alberto Fernández-Sevilla ◽  
Eulalia Juvé ◽  
Xavier Castellsagué ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Catheter Related Infection ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Staphylococcus Capitis ◽  
Neutropenic Patients ◽  
Antibiotic Lock ◽  
Antibiotic Lock Technique

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of an antibiotic-lock technique in preventing endoluminal catheter-related infection with gram-positive bacteria in neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies. Patients with nontunneled, multilumen central venous catheters were assigned in a randomized, double-blinded manner to receive either 10 U of heparin per ml (57 patients) or 10 U of heparin per ml and 25 μg of vancomycin per ml (60 patients), which were instilled in the catheter lumen and which were allowed to dwell in the catheter lumen for 1 h every 2 days. Insertion-site and hub swabs were taken twice weekly. The primary and secondary end points of the trial were significant colonization of the catheter hub and catheter-related bacteremia, respectively. Significant colonization of the catheter hub occurred in nine (15.8%) patients receiving heparin (seven patients were colonized with Staphylococcus epidermidis, one patient was colonized with Staphylococcus capitis, and one patient was colonized withCorynebacterium sp.), whereas the catheter hubs of none of the patients receiving heparin and vancomycin were colonized (P = 0.001). Catheter-related bacteremia developed in four (7%) patients receiving heparin (three patients had S. epidermidis bacteremia and one patient had S. capitisbacteremia), whereas none of the patients in the heparin and vancomycin group had catheter-related bacteremia (P = 0.05). The times to catheter hub colonization and to catheter-related bacteremia by the Kaplan-Meier method were longer in patients receiving heparin and vancomycin than in patients receiving heparin alone (P = 0.004 and P = 0.06, respectively). Our study shows that a solution containing heparin and vancomycin administered by using an antibiotic-lock technique effectively prevents catheter hub colonization with gram-positive bacteria and subsequent bacteremia during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in patients with hematologic malignancy.

scholarly journals Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus catheter-related infection and infective endocarditis with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the experimental rabbit model.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1308-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Frank ◽  
H F Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Catheter Related Infection ◽  
Cardiac Catheters ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Port Catheters

The role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor with and without antibiotics in the treatment of catheter-related infection and infective endocarditis caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was assessed in the experimental rabbit model. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor stimulated leukocytosis in infected animals but did not increase the clearance of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus from peripheral blood, subcutaneous port catheters, intravascular cardiac catheters, or aortic valve vegetations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a bone filler scaffold for local antibiotic delivery to prevent Staphylococcus aureus infection in a contaminated bone defect

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Beenken ◽  
Mara J. Campbell ◽  
Aura M. Ramirez ◽  
Karrar Alghazali ◽  
Christopher M. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Bone Filler ◽  
Antibiotic Release ◽  
Local Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Delivery

AbstractWe previously reported the development of an osteogenic bone filler scaffold consisting of degradable polyurethane, hydroxyapatite, and decellularized bovine bone particles. The current study was aimed at evaluating the use of this scaffold as a means of local antibiotic delivery to prevent infection in a bone defect contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. We evaluated two scaffold formulations with the same component ratios but differing overall porosity and surface area. Studies with vancomycin, daptomycin, and gentamicin confirmed that antibiotic uptake was concentration dependent and that increased porosity correlated with increased uptake and prolonged antibiotic release. We also demonstrate that vancomycin can be passively loaded into either formulation in sufficient concentration to prevent infection in a rabbit model of a contaminated segmental bone defect. Moreover, even in those few cases in which complete eradication was not achieved, the number of viable bacteria in the bone was significantly reduced by treatment and there was no radiographic evidence of osteomyelitis. Radiographs and microcomputed tomography (µCT) analysis from the in vivo studies also suggested that the addition of vancomycin did not have any significant effect on the scaffold itself. These results demonstrate the potential utility of our bone regeneration scaffold for local antibiotic delivery to prevent infection in contaminated bone defects.

scholarly journals Comparison of Borate Bioactive Glass and Calcium Sulfate as Implants for the Local Delivery of Teicoplanin in the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Osteomyelitis in a Rabbit Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 7571-7580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Tao Jia ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Wen-Hai Huang ◽  
Chang-Qing Zhang ◽  
Mohamed N. Rahaman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Local Delivery ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Borate Bioactive Glass ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

ABSTRACTThere is growing interest in biomaterials that can cure bone infection and also regenerate bone. In this study, two groups of implants composed of 10% (wt/wt) teicoplanin (TEC)-loaded borate bioactive glass (designated TBG) or calcium sulfate (TCS) were created and evaluated for their ability to release TECin vitroand to cure methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA)-induced osteomyelitis in a rabbit model. When immersed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), both groups of implants provided a sustained release of TEC at a therapeutic level for up to 3 to 4 weeks while they were gradually degraded and converted to hydroxyapatite. The TBG implants showed a longer duration of TEC release and better retention of strength as a function of immersion time in PBS. Infected rabbit tibiae were treated by debridement, followed by implantation of TBG or TCS pellets or intravenous injection with TEC, or were left untreated. Evaluation at 6 weeks postimplantation showed that the animals implanted with TBG or TCS pellets had significantly lower radiological and histological scores, lower rates of MRSA-positive cultures, and lower bacterial loads than those preoperatively and those of animals treated intravenously. The level of bone regeneration was also higher in the defects treated with the TBG pellets. The results showed that local TEC delivery was more effective than intravenous administration for the treatment of MRSA-induced osteomyelitis. Borate glass has the advantages of better mechanical strength, more desirable kinetics of release of TEC, and a higher osteogenic capacity and thus could be an effective alternative to calcium sulfate for local delivery of TEC.

scholarly journals Effects of Tedizolid Phosphate on Survival Outcomes and Suppression of Production of Staphylococcal Toxins in a Rabbit Model of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Necrotizing Pneumonia

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vien T. M. Le ◽  
Hoan N. Le ◽  
Marcos Gabriel Pinheiro ◽  
Kenneth J. Hahn ◽  
Mary L. Dinh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Production ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Necrotizing Pneumonia ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT The protective efficacy of tedizolid phosphate, a novel oxazolidinone that potently inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, was compared to those of linezolid, vancomycin, and saline in a rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia. Tedizolid phosphate was administered to rabbits at 6 mg/kg of body weight intravenously twice daily, which yielded values of the 24-h area under the concentration-time curve approximating those found in humans. The overall survival rate was 83% for rabbits treated with 6 mg/kg tedizolid phosphate twice daily and 83% for those treated with 50 mg/kg linezolid thrice daily (P = 0.66 by the log-rank test versus the results obtained with tedizolid phosphate). These survival rates were significantly greater than the survival rates of 17% for rabbits treated with 30 mg/kg vancomycin twice daily (P = 0.003) and 17% for rabbits treated with saline (P = 0.002). The bacterial count in the lungs of rabbits treated with tedizolid phosphate was significantly decreased compared to that in the lungs of rabbits treated with saline, although it was not significantly different from that in the lungs of rabbits treated with vancomycin or linezolid. The in vivo bacterial production of alpha-toxin and Panton-Valentine leukocidin, two key S. aureus-secreted toxins that play critical roles in the pathogenesis of necrotizing pneumonia, in the lungs of rabbits treated with tedizolid phosphate and linezolid was significantly inhibited compared to that in the lungs of rabbits treated with vancomycin or saline. Taken together, these results indicate that tedizolid phosphate is superior to vancomycin for the treatment of S. aureus necrotizing pneumonia because it inhibits the bacterial production of lung-damaging toxins at the site of infection.

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