scholarly journals The role of efavirenz compared with protease inhibitors in the body fat changes associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Perez-Molina ◽  
P. Domingo ◽  
E. Martinez ◽  
S. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Highly Active

Immunologic Reconstitution After 1 Year of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, With or Without Protease Inhibitors

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Plana ◽  
Catalina Martínez ◽  
Felipe García ◽  
María J. Maleno ◽  
Juan J. Barceló ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunologic Reconstitution

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: a Possible Reservoir for HIV-1?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kallmeyer ◽  
M. A. Ryder ◽  
M. S. Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Proliferation Capacity ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Latent Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractThe introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 into a chronic, well-managed disease. However, these therapies do not eliminate all infected cells from the body despite suppressing viral load. Viral rebound is largely due to the presence of cellular reservoirs which support long-term persistence of HIV-1. A thorough understanding of the HIV-1 reservoir will facilitate the development of new strategies leading to its detection, reduction, and elimination, ultimately leading to curative therapies for HIV-1. Although immune cells derived from lymphoid and myeloid progenitors have been thoroughly studied as HIV-1 reservoirs, few studies have examined whether mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can assume this function. In this review, we evaluate published studies which have assessed whether MSCs contribute to the HIV-1 reservoir. MSCs have been found to express the receptors and co-receptors required for HIV-1 entry, albeit at levels of expression and receptor localisation that vary considerably between studies. Exposure to HIV-1 and HIV-1 proteins alters MSC properties in vitro, including their proliferation capacity and differentiation potential. However, in vitro and in vivo experiments investigating whether MSCs can become infected with and harbour latent integrated proviral DNA are lacking. In conclusion, MSCs appear to have the potential to contribute to the HIV-1 reservoir. However, further studies are needed using techniques such as those used to prove that cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells constitute an HIV-1 reservoir before a reservoir function can definitively be ascribed to MSCs. Graphical abstract MSCs may contribute to HIV-1 persistence in vivo in the vasculature, adipose tissue, and bone marrow by being a reservoir for latent HIV-1. To harbour latent HIV-1, MSCs must express HIV-1 entry markers, and show evidence of productive or latent HIV-1 infection. The effect of HIV-1 or HIV-1 proteins on MSC properties may also be indicative of HIV-1 infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document