Prolonged carriage of (livestock-associated) MRSA in individuals without professional livestock contact

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1405-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk P Meijs ◽  
Paul D Hengeveld ◽  
Cindy M Dierikx ◽  
Catharina B M Maassen ◽  
Sabine C de Greeff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Core Genome ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dense Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mlva Type

Abstract Objectives To investigate prolonged carriage of MRSA in adults from the general population living in a livestock-dense area, using WGS. Methods A cross-sectional study during 2014–15 among 2492 adults without professional livestock contact identified 14 (0.6%) nasal MRSA carriers, 10 of which carried livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA of multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) complex (MC) 398. Two years later, 12 MRSA-positive and 88 MRSA-negative participants provided a second nasal swab and filled in a short questionnaire. Isolates from persons who were MRSA positive at both timepoints were compared using MLVA and isolates with the same MLVA type were sequenced. The WGS data were used for core-genome MLST (cgMLST) and resistome analysis, including sequenced isolates from the national MRSA surveillance. Results All MRSA-negative persons tested negative again, while 6 of the 12 initially MRSA-positive persons tested positive again. MLVA revealed that isolate pairs from five individuals had the same MLVA type, of which three were LA-MRSA. cgMLST showed that the distance between these isolate pairs ranged between 3 and 13 genes, while the minimum distance to unrelated isolates from the national MRSA surveillance was 38 genes. Moreover, the resistome present in the five isolate pairs was identical within each pair. None of the prolonged carriers was hospitalized during the 3 months before the sampling moment and none of them with LA-MRSA had contact with livestock in this period. Conclusions Prolonged carriage of MRSA, including LA-MRSA, can be demonstrated after more than 30 months in persons without professional livestock contact.

scholarly journals First Description of Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Loconsole ◽  
Anna Lisa De Robertis ◽  
Rosanna Mallamaci ◽  
Anna Sallustio ◽  
Anna Morea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Multiple Loci

Background. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae strains in a convenience series of 234 adult hospitalised and nonhospitalised subjects with a diagnosis of CAP in January 2013 to April 2015 in South Italy. Methods. Respiratory samples were subjected to real-time PCR. In M. pneumoniae-positive samples, domain V of 23S rRNA was sequenced to detect resistance-conferring point mutations. P1 major adhesion protein typing and multiple loci variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) were also performed. Results. Of the 234 samples, 15 (6.4%) were positive for M. pneumoniae. Three of these had a macrolide-resistant genotype: two and one had A2063G and A2064G mutations, respectively. Fourteen of the 15 strains were subtyped: half had subtype 1 and half had subtype 2. Eight strains underwent MLVA profiling: one each had the J, A, and Z type. The remainder was unclassifiable. Conclusions. This novel discovery of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae strains in adults with CAP in Italy suggests that there may be increasing circulation of these strains in the population. To facilitate rapid optimization of the antibiotic strategy in Italy, macrolide resistance should be monitored by a surveillance system that is based on molecular methods.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF MOLECULAR AND SEROLOGICAL TESTS OF THE NEW CORONAVIRUS (SARS-CoV-2) IN CARLOS CHAGAS-SABIN LABORATORIES IN CUIABÁ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Coimbra de Paula ◽  
João Pedro Castoldo Passos ◽  
Walkiria Shimoya-Bittencour ◽  
Caroline Aquino Vieira de Lamare ◽  
Ruberlei Godinho de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Midwest Region ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

AbstractBACKGROUNDCOVID-19, the disease caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), became a pandemic in 2020 with mortality rate of 2% and high transmissibility, which makes studies with an epidemiological profile essential.OBJECTIVESTo characterize the population that performed the SARS-CoV-2 molecular and serological tests in Carlos Chagas-Sabin laboratories in Cuiabá.METHODSA retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out with all the samples collected from nasal swab tested by RT-PCR and serological for SARM-CoV-2 IgM / IgG from the population served between April and July 2020.FINDINGSIn the analyzed period, 11,113 PCR-Covid-19 exams were registered. Of this total of cases, 3,912 (35.20%) tested positive, while 6,889 (61.90%) did not detect viral RNA and 312 (2.80%) of the visits resulted as undetermined. The peak of positive RT-PCR performed in July (n = 5878), with 35.65% (n = 2096). A total of 6,392 tests performed on SOROVID-19, with a peak of 1161 (18.16%) of the positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 in July.MAIN CONCLUSIONSMolecular positivity and serological tests, both peaked in July 2020, were mostly present in women aged 20-39, characterizing Cuiabá as the epicenter of the Midwest region in this period due to the high rate of transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2.

MRSA-ST398 in livestock farmers and neighbouring residents in a rural area in Germany

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (10) ◽  
pp. 1800-1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. BISDORFF ◽  
J. L. SCHOLHÖLTER ◽  
K. CLAUßEN ◽  
M. PULZ ◽  
D. NOWAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dense Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Livestock Farmers ◽  
Mrsa St398 ◽  
Private Farm

SUMMARYPrevalence of and risk factors associated with MRSA-ST398 carriage in 1872 (response 70%) farmers and neighbouring residents in a pig- and poultry-dense area in Germany were investigated using a cross-sectional study and self-sampling nasal swabs. In the population, 1% without occupational livestock contact and 24% with occupational livestock contact tested positive for MRSA-ST398. The group without occupational livestock contact was 3·8 times [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·5–9·3] more likely to be colonized if a household member had livestock contact and 3·2 times (95% CI 1·4–7·4) more likely if they regularly made private farm visits (e.g. to buy eggs or milk). In the group with occupational livestock contact, pig contact had an odds ratio of 7·1 (95% CI 2·9–17·2) for MRSA-ST398 acquisition. This is the first study to associate private farm visits with acquisition of MRSA; more research to explore the exact transmission routes is necessary.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for colonization of Clostridium difficile among adults living near livestock farms in the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (13) ◽  
pp. 2745-2749 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. ZOMER ◽  
E. VAN DUIJKEREN ◽  
C. C. H. WIELDERS ◽  
C. VEENMAN ◽  
P. HENGEVELD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Toxigenic Strain ◽  
Dense Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Livestock Farms

SUMMARYA cross-sectional study was performed among 2494 adults not living or working on a farm to assess prevalence of Clostridium difficile (CD) colonization and risk factors in a livestock dense area. CD prevalence was 1·2%. Twenty-one persons were colonized with a toxigenic strain and nine with a non-toxigenic strain. CD-positive persons did not live closer to livestock farms than individuals negative for CD. Antibiotic exposure in the preceding 3 months was a risk factor for CD colonization (odds ratio 3·70; 95% confidence interval 1·25–10·95).

Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Klein ◽  
Barbara J. Amster
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

Confidence toward vaccination as reported by parents of children admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study

Vacunas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.M. AlGoraini ◽  
N.N. AlDujayn ◽  
M.A. AlRasheed ◽  
Y.E. Bashawri ◽  
S.S. Alsubaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Conflict Avoidance in Old Age

GeroPsych ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Oberhauser ◽  
Andreas B. Neubauer ◽  
Eva-Marie Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Conflict Avoidance ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Set Up

Abstract. Conflict avoidance increases across the adult lifespan. This cross-sectional study looks at conflict avoidance as part of a mechanism to regulate belongingness needs ( Sheldon, 2011 ). We assumed that older adults perceive more threats to their belongingness when they contemplate their future, and that they preventively react with avoidance coping. We set up a model predicting conflict avoidance that included perceptions of future nonbelonging, termed anticipated loneliness, and other predictors including sociodemographics, indicators of subjective well-being and perceived social support (N = 331, aged 40–87). Anticipated loneliness predicted conflict avoidance above all other predictors and partially mediated the age-association of conflict avoidance. Results suggest that belongingness regulation accounts may deepen our understanding of conflict avoidance in the second half of life.

Internalizing Behavior During the Transition from Childhood to Adolescence

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Vierhaus ◽  
Arnold Lohaus ◽  
Indra Shah
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Graders ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The One

This investigation focuses on the question whether assessments of the development of internalizing behavior from childhood to adolescence are affected by the kind of research design (longitudinal versus cross-sectional). Two longitudinal samples of 432 second-graders and 366 fourth graders participated in a longitudinal study with subsequent measurements taken 1, 2, and 3 years later. A third sample consisting of 849 children covering the same range of grades participated in a cross-sectional study. The results show that the development of internalizing symptoms in girls – but not in boys – varies systematically with the research design. In girls, there is a decrease of internalizing symptoms (especially between the first two timepoints) in the longitudinal assessment, which may reflect, for example, the influence of strain during the first testing situation. Both longitudinal trajectories converge to a common trajectory from grade 2 to grade 7 when controlling for this “novelty-distress effect.” Moreover, when we control this effect, the slight but significant decrease characterizing the common trajectory becomes similar to the one obtained in the cross-sectional study. Therefore, trajectories based on longitudinal assessments may suggest more changes with regard to internalizing symptoms over time than actually take place, while trajectories based on cross-sectional data may be characterized by an increased level of internalizing symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

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