Outsourcing Hotspot Governance within the EU: Cultural Mediators as Humanitarian–Border Workers in Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aila Spathopoulou ◽  
Kirsi Pauliina Kallio ◽  
Jouni Hakli
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Cultural Mediators ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Mediterranean Migration ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Responding to the self-declared “Mediterranean migration crisis” in 2015, the European Commission launched a Hotspot Approach to speed up the handling of incoming migrants in the “frontline states” of Greece and Italy. A key element in this operation is the identification of those eligible for asylum, which requires effective communication across cultural and linguistic difference between the asylum system and the migrants, facilitated by officially designated “cultural mediators.” We assess the hotspot governance as a form of outsourcing border control within the EU territory. Beyond sorting out and separating migrants into the categories of deservingness and undeservingness, we propose that the hotspot mechanism represents “governing by communication,” with cultural mediators as key players in this humanitarian–bordering strategy. A focus on how cultural mediators provide the precarious human labor for this governance, offers, we argue, a productive inroad into the ways in which the hotspot economies of deterrence, containment, and care sustain inequalities embedded in race, socioeconomic status, and citizenship.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF SELF-EMPLOYMENT AMONG POLISH AND ROMANIAN IMMIGRANTS IN GERMANY

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek SZARUCKI ◽  
Jan BRZOZOWSKI ◽  
Jelena STANKEVIČIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
German Economy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Romanian Immigrants ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Important Object ◽  
The Eu

This empirical study investigates the determinants of self-employment propensity of Polish and Romanian immigrants in Germany. The German economy is an important object of analysis, as it is the most important destination for international migrants in the European Union. In the paper, we use the recently collected M sample of the German Socio-Economic Panel to examine which personal, country of birth-specific socio-economic and cultural factors influence the self-employment propensity of immigrants. The results of binominal logit regression show that the Central European migrants exhibit different self-employment propensity than migrants from former Yugoslavia, Russian and Kazakhstan, Turkey and Italy, with the self-employment aversion especially strong among Romanians. These differences remain substantial even after controlling for social and human capital endowment of the individuals. This study offers important policy recommendations, showing the potential obstacles in encouraging entrepreneurial activity of immigrants. This topic is becoming increasingly important with the current migration crisis in the EU, caused by intensive inflow of asylum-seeking foreigners in 2015.

The Migration Crisis and the European Union Border Regime

2019 ◽  
pp. 197-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Border Control ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Border Controls ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Control Regime ◽  
The Eu

This chapter is concerned with the various ways in which the migration crisis since the Arab Spring of 2011 has reshaped the reach of the EU border control regime. Within the EU framework, Frontex has acquired a greater role, while Schengen states have new powers to reintroduce internal border controls. In the external sphere, the EU now cooperates with a broader range of third states—Libya and Turkey most prominently—while developing more extensive forms of cooperation with them. The chapter will argue that this pattern—incremental internal changes and hyperactivity in the external sphere—is a product of intergovernmental constraints upon EU policy in a core area of member state sovereignty. The avoidance by EU Member States of legal responsibility for asylum applicants and other migrants is a further reason for the preference for externalization.

Death at the Border: Revisiting the Debate in Light of the Euro-Mediterranean Migration Crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
Antoine Pécoud
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Behavioral Scientist ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Mediterranean Migration ◽  
The Arab Spring

Migrant deaths at the border is a long-standing consequence of border control. The lethal effects of irregular migration have become particularly salient in the Euro-Mediterranean region since the beginning of the Arab Spring in 2011, as several thousand migrants have been losing their lives every year. This special issue of American Behavioral Scientist revisits the debate on border deaths in the light of this context. This article introduces this special issue and outlines the key arguments developed therein.

scholarly journals Immigration in the Covid-19 Era: The role of Greece and Turkey, the necessity for a common European immigration and foreign policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Papadakis ◽  
Konstantinos Zafeiris
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Political Reaction ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
European Immigration ◽  
Mediterranean Migration ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
The Eu

Immigration and refugee flows in the Eastern Mediterranean migration path have been increased the last two decades, a fact that created the need for coordinated political reaction from the EU, which now faces new challenges because of the Covid-19 pandemic. This article analyses the new challenges Covid-19 creates by focusing on the “lesson learned” of previous pandemics and their effect on mankind and also on the necessity of a common European policy both in the fields of immigration policy and foreign policy towards the stabilization in the Eastern Mediterranean, mainly by focusing on the role of Greece and Turkey.

scholarly journals EU policy on irregular migration: the impact of the refugee crisis 2014-2015

2017 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
N. N. Bolshova
Keyword(s):  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Eu Policy ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Migrant Smuggling ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Mediterranean Migration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The paper reviews the current EU policy on irregular migration under the influence of refugee crisis. This crisis urged the EU to streamline and consolidate all the available legal, political and administrative tools to reach the synergy effect in the management of immigration flows into the EU. However the main weakness of the EU approach appears to be the dependence on the opportunities and interests of the third countries (of origin and transit of irregular migrants) to cooperate effectively with the EU institutions and Member-states in such key spheres as fight against migrant smuggling, security of external borders, implementation of readmission agreements, asylum policy. The author evaluates the state of progress on the main Mediterranean migration routes since the beginning of the migration crisis in 2014, analyses some recent EU initiatives, particularly the EU NAVFOR MED Operation Sophia and the new Partnership Framework with third countries under the European Agenda on Migration. In conclusion, the author attempts to assess the effects of these actions.

scholarly journals Migration crisis versus the control of the borderlines within the European Union

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-174
Author(s):  
Tomasz Marcinkowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Border Control ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The Eu

Freedom of movement is one of the basic achievements and effects of the European integration process. Benefiting from this freedom has become an important experience for millions of the Europeans. Crisis phenomena, mainly related to the migration breakdown, revealed institutional and legal problems and had an impact on public opinion. The sense of threat and political and organizational difficulties led to the decision to reinstate control on the internal borders in many places in the EU. As it appears from nationwide surveys, there is also acceptance in Poland of such activities. Research conducted on the Polish-German borderland indicates that also the inhabitants of these areas support such decisions, but the degree of acceptance of the restoration of border control is lower here than in national surveys.

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